未知人Na(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase α1亚基基因第一内含子的获得及鉴定

目的研究人Ｎａ（＋）－Ｋ（＋）－ＥｘｃｈａｎｇｉｎｇＡＴＰａｓｅα１亚单位基因胞外区约８０～１３０位氨基酸编码序列的未知基因组结构。方法采用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）方法对人基因组ＤＮＡ及ｃＤＮＡ文库进行扩增，限制性酶切分析扩增产物，并进行荧光测序，对测序结果进行同源性分析及剪接位点的搜索并对得到的核苷酸序列进行分析。结果人基因组ＤＮＡ和ｃＤＮＡ经扩增后分别得到８３３和１９５ｂｐ两种不同大小的片段Ｆｇ，Ｆｃ。分析序列发现Ｆｇ与Ｆｃ相比在１３８～７７５ｂｐ处含有一６３８ｂｐ的插入片段，此片段与ＧｅｎＢａｎｋ中的任何已知序列均无明显同源性。结论本研究发现了一段全新未知的人Ｎａ（＋）－Ｋ（＋）－ＥｘｃｈａｎｇｉｎｇＡＴＰａｓｅα１亚单位基因的内含子全序列，并得到了第一外显子同第二外显子之间的相对位置和序列，其在Ｇｅｎ－Ｂａｎｋ的基因检索号为Ｌ７６９３８。序列分析表明该内含子可能具有潜在的调控基因表达的功能，并含有一个可能的编码序列。

Preparation of SiO_2 Nanoparticles by Ion Exchanging and Study on Their Dispersion Stability

By adopting sodium silicate as a major material,SiO_2 nanoparticles (size in 8-15nm) water-dispersiod was prepared by ion exchanging.The effects of sodium silicate concentration,surface-modifying time,temperature and technological conditions on their diameter,size distribution and dispersion stability were also studied.The result show that,the hydrophilic lipophlic and hydrophilic-lipophilic SiO_(2) nanoparticles water-dispersoid can be prepared through different kinds of surface-modifiers and the optimum reaction conditions have been determined as follows:sodium silicate solution concentration:8w%;silicone dosage:3% of the total mass of nano SiO_(2) water-dispersoid;adding way and time of surface-modifier:continual dropping for 2h;surface-modifying temperature:60-70℃.

Molecular Exchanging Energy of Anionic/Cationic Surfactants System on the Surface of Solution

In order to study synergism of the mixed surfactants system with molecular exchanging energy (E), the Lennard-Jones formula has been firstly introduced to evaluate the E of the mixed system, CH3(CH2)nOSO 3 /CH3(CH2)nN+(CH3)3 directly from their molecular structure. The comparison of the calculated and the observed results showed that this method is practical.

Study on Relationship Between Arc Behavior and Joint Forming in Cold Metal Transfer Welding Technology with Polarity⁃Exchanging

Cold metal transfer with polarity⁃exchanging is a new integrated welding technology based on MIG.Due to the alternation of the positive and negative polarities of the wire,favorable control upon the deposition rate and the welding shape coefficient was obtained in order to meet the desired joint design,and the related controlling principles and joint characteristics were reported.Droplet transfer physical behavior exhibited strong dependability on the studied welding parameters,such as welding voltage,welding current,wire feeding speed,and polarity⁃exchanging.This welding technology provides a new way for the welding of body⁃in⁃white(BIW)thin sheet with special demands.Moreover,the typical quality defects of MIG were greatly improved.Our study provides important technical information from the perspective of industrial application of MIG and sheds light on the higher application level of MIG in BIW welding.

On the apparent line-of-sight alignment of the peak X-ray intensity of the magnetosheath and the tangent to the magnetopause,as viewed by SMILE-SXI

The Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)on board the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)spacecraft will be able to view the Earth’s magnetosheath in soft X-rays.Simulated images of the X-ray emission visible from the position of SMILE are created for a range of solar wind densities by using 3 years of the SMILE mission orbit,together with models of the expected X-ray emissivity from the Earth’s magnetosheath.Results from global magnetohydrodynamic simulations and a simple model for exospheric neutral densities are used to compare the locations of the lines of sight along which integrated soft X-ray intensities peak with the lines of sight lying tangent to surfaces(defined here to be the magnetopause)along which local soft X-ray intensities peak or exhibit their strongest gradients,or both,for strongly southward interplanetary magnetic field conditions when no depletion or low-latitude boundary layers are expected.Where,in the parameter space of the various times and seasons,orbital phases,solar wind conditions,and magnetopause models,the alignment of the X-ray emission peak with the magnetopause tangent is good,or is not,is presented.The main results are as follows.The spacecraft needs to be positioned well outside the magnetopause;low-altitude times near perigee are not good.In addition,there are seasonal aspects:dayside-apogee orbits are generally very good because the spacecraft travels out sunward at high altitude,but nightside-apogee orbits,behind the Earth,are bad because the spacecraft only rarely leaves the magnetopause.Dusk-apogee and dawnapogee orbits are intermediate.Dayside-apogee orbits worsen slightly over the first three mission years,whereas nightside-apogee orbits improve slightly.Additionally,many more times of good agreement with the peak-to-tangent hypothesis occur when the solar wind is in a high-density state,as opposed to a low-density state.In a high-density state,the magnetopause is compressed,and the spacecraft is more often a good distance outside the magnetopause.

Solar wind ion charge state distributions and compound cross sections for solar wind charge exchange X-ray emission

Solar Wind Charge eXchange X-ray(SWCX) emission in the heliosphere and Ea rth’s exosphere is a hard to avoid signal in soft Xray obse rvations of astrophysical targets.On the other hand,the X-ray imaging possibilities offered by the SWCX process has led to an increasing number of future dedicated space missions for investigating the solar wind-terrestrial inte ractions and magnetospheric interfaces.In both cases,accurate modelling of the SWCX emission is key to correctly interpret its signal,and remove it from obse rvations,when needed.In this paper,we compile solar wind abundance measurements from ACE for different solar wind types,and atomic data from literature,including charge exchange cross-sections and emission probabilities,used fo r calculating the compound cross-section a for the SWCX X-ray emission.We calculate a values for charge-exchange with H and He,relevant to soft X-ray energy bands(0.1-2.0 keV)for various solar wind types and solar cycle conditions.

The magnetosheath at high spectral resolution

While we eagerly anticipate SMILE’s(Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer)unprecedented X-ray observations of the Earth’s magnetosheath and the initiation of a new era of magnetospheric research,it seems appropriate to look ahead to the abilities of the next generation of astrophysics missions.Of these,the Line Emission Mapper(LEM),a large aperture micro-calorimeter based mission,is currently planned to be able to observe the magnetosheath at high spectral resolution(~2 eV).With a field of view of~30′,LEM will allow higher spatial resolution and higher cadence measurement of the motion of a very small portion of the magnetopause over relatively short periods of time(multiple hours),complementing SMILE’s global mapping.LEM’s strength is its spectral resolution.It will be able to measure the abundance of a broad range of elements and ionization states,many of which are inaccessible to current in situ instruments,and will be able to separate the emission from the magnetosheath from the emission from the cosmic X-ray background using the difference in their relative velocities.

Two methods for separating the magnetospheric solar wind charge exchange soft X-ray emission from the diffuse X-ray background

Solar wind charge exchange(SWCX)is the process of solar wind high-valence ions exchanging charges with neutral components and generating soft X-rays.Recently,detecting the SWCX emission from the magnetosphere is proposed as a new technique to study the magnetosphere using panoramic soft X-ray imaging.To better prepare for the data analysis of upcoming magnetospheric soft X-ray imaging missions,this paper compares the magnetospheric SWCX emission obtained by two methods in an XMM-Newton observation,during which the solar wind changed dramatically.The two methods differ in the data used to fit the diffuse X-ray background(DXB)parameters in spectral analysis.The method adding data from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey(RASS)is called the RASS method.The method using the quiet observation data is called the Quiet method,where quiet observations usually refer to observations made by the same satellite with the same target but under weaker solar wind conditions.Results show that the spectral compositions of magnetospheric SWCX emission obtained by the two methods are very similar,and the changes in intensity over time are highly consistent,although the intensity obtained by the RASS method is about 2.68±0.56 keV cm^(-2)s^(-1)sr^(-1)higher than that obtained by the Quiet method.Since the DXB intensity obtained by the RASS method is about 2.84±0.74 keV cm^(-2)s^(-1)sr^(-1)lower than that obtained by the Quiet method,and the linear correlation coefficient between the difference of SWCX and DXB obtained by the two methods in diffe rent energy band is close to-1,the diffe rences in magnetospheric SWCX can be fully attributed to the diffe rences in the fitted DXB.The difference between the two methods is most significant when the energy is less than 0.7 keV,which is also the main energy band of SWCX emission.In addition,the difference between the two methods is not related to the SWCX intensity and,to some extent,to solar wind conditions,because SWCX intensity typically va ries with the solar wind.In summary,both methods are robust and reliable,and should be considered based on the best available options.

Simulation of the SMILE Soft X-ray Imager response to a southward interplanetary magnetic field turning

The Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)Soft X-ray Imager(SXI)will shine a spotlight on magnetopause dynamics during magnetic reconnection.We simulate an event with a southward interplanetary magnetic field turning and produce SXI count maps with a 5-minute integration time.By making assumptions about the magnetopause shape,we find the magnetopause standoff distance from the count maps and compare it with the one obtained directly from the magnetohydrodynamic(MHD)simulation.The root mean square deviations between the reconstructed and MHD standoff distances do not exceed 0.2 RE(Earth radius)and the maximal difference equals 0.24 RE during the 25-minute interval around the southward turning.

Calculation of the molecular exchanging energy of binary surfactants system on the surface monolayer of aqueous solution

By using the binary anionic/cationic surfactants system CH3(CH2)nOSO_3/CH3(CH2)nN+(CH3)3 as an ex-ample, the molecular exchanging energy (ε) of adsorption on the surface monolayer of aqueous solu-tion has been studied. ε can be obtained with two methods. One is from the relationship between ε and the molecule interaction parameter (β). This relationship is founded by considering that the adsorption of mixed surfactants on the surface monolayer of solution satisfies the dimensional crystal model condition under which β can be obtained by testing the surface tension of solution. The other is directly from the molecular structure of surfactants with the Lennard-Jones formula. The results for the studied system show that these two methods coincide well.

Proton‑Prompted Ligand Exchange to Achieve High‑Efficiency CsPbI_(3) Quantum Dot Light‑Emitting Diodes

CsPbI_(3)perovskite quantum dots(QDs)are ideal materials for the next generation of red light-emitting diodes.However,the low phase stability of CsPbI_(3)QDs and long-chain insulating capping ligands hinder the improvement of device performance.Traditional in-situ ligand replacement and ligand exchange after synthesis were often difficult to control.Here,we proposed a new ligand exchange strategy using a proton-prompted insitu exchange of short 5-aminopentanoic acid ligands with long-chain oleic acid and oleylamine ligands to obtain stable small-size CsPbI_(3)QDs.This exchange strategy maintained the size and morphology of CsPbI_(3)QDs and improved the optical properties and the conductivity of CsPbI_(3)QDs films.As a result,high-efficiency red QD-based light-emitting diodes with an emission wavelength of 645 nm demonstrated a record maximum external quantum efficiency of 24.45%and an operational half-life of 10.79 h.

Towards high-performance and robust anion exchange membranes(AEMs)for water electrolysis:Super-acid-catalyzed synthesis of AEMs

The increasing demand for hydrogen energy to address environmental issues and achieve carbon neutrality has elevated interest in green hydrogen production,which does not rely on fossil fuels.Among various hydrogen production technologies,anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer(AEMWE)has emerged as a next-generation technology known for its high hydrogen production efficiency and its ability to use non-metal catalysts.However,this technology faces significant challenges,particularly in terms of the membrane durability and low ionic conductivity.To address these challenges,research efforts have focused on developing membranes with a new backbone structure and anion exchange groups to enhance durability and ionic conductivity.Notably,the super-acid-catalyzed condensation(SACC)synthesis method stands out due to its user convenience,the ability to create high molecular weight(MW)polymers,and the use of oxygen-tolerant organic catalysts.Although the synthesis of anion exchange membranes(AEMs)using the SACC method began in 2015,and despite growing interest in this synthesis approach,there remains a scarcity of review papers focusing on AEMs synthesized using the SACC method.The review covers the basics of SACC synthesis,presents various polymers synthesized using this method,and summarizes the development of these polymers,particularly their building blocks including aryl,ketone,and anion exchange groups.We systematically describe the effects of changes in the molecular structure of each polymer component,conducted by various research groups,on the mechanical properties,conductivity,and operational stability of the membrane.This review will provide insights into the development of AEMs with superior performance and operational stability suitable for water electrolysis applications.

Influence of Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) Ratio on the Structure and Properties of Na^(+)/K^(+)Ion Exchange Na_(2)O-MgO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) Glasses

In this work,the structure,viscosity and ion-exchange process of Na_(2)O-MgO-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) glasses with different Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) molar ratios were investigated.The results showed that,with increasing Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) ratio,the simple structural units Q_(1) and Q_(2) transformed into highly aggregated structural units Q_(3) and Q_(4),indicating the increase of polymerization degree of glass network.Meanwhile,the coefficient of thermal expansion decreased from 9.23×10^(-6)℃^(-1) to 8.88×10^(-6)℃^(-1).The characteristic temperatures such as melting,forming,softening and glass transition temperatures increased with the increase of Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) ratio,while the glasses working temperature range became narrow.The increasing Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) ratio and prolonging ion-exchange time enhanced the surface compressive stress(CS)and depth of stress layer(DOL).However,the increase of ion exchange temperature increased the DOL and decreased the CS affected by stress relaxation.There was a good linear relationship between stress relaxation and surface compressive stress.Chemical strengthening significantly improved the hardness of glasses,which reached the maximum value of(622.1±10)MPa for sample with Al_(2)O_(3)/SiO_(2) ratio of 0.27 after heat treated at 410℃for 2 h.

Dynamic modeling of cavitation bubble clusters:Effects of evaporation,condensation,and bubble-bubble interaction

We present a dynamic model of cavitation bubbles in a cluster,in which the effects of evaporation,condensation,and bubble-bubble interactions are taken into consideration.Under different ultrasound conditions,we examine how the dynamics of cavitation bubbles are affected by several factors,such as the locations of the bubbles,the ambient radius,and the number of bubbles.Herein the variations of bubble radius,energy,temperature,pressure,and the quantity of vapor molecules are analyzed.Our findings reveal that bubble-bubble interactions can restrict the expansion of bubbles,reduce the exchange of energy among vapor molecules,and diminish the maximum internal temperature and pressure when bursting.The ambient radius of bubbles can influence the intensities of their oscillations,with clusters comprised of smaller bubbles creating optimal conditions for generating high-temperature and high-pressure regions.Moreover,an increase in the number of bubbles can further inhibit cavitation activities.The frequency,pressure and waveform of the driving wave can also exert a significant influence on cavitation activities,with rectangular waves enhancing and triangular waves weakening the cavitation of bubbles in the cluster.These results provide a theoretical basis for understanding the dynamics of cavitation bubbles in a bubble cluster,and the factors that affect their behaviors.

Development of advanced anion exchange membrane from the view of the performance of water electrolysis cell

Green hydrogen produced by water electrolysis combined with renewable energy is a promising alternative to fossil fuels due to its high energy density with zero-carbon emissions.Among water electrolysis technologies,the anion exchange membrane(AEM) water electrolysis has gained intensive attention and is considered as the next-generation emerging technology due to its potential advantages,such as the use of low-cost non-noble metal catalysts,the relatively mature stack assembly process,etc.However,the AEM water electrolyzer is still in the early development stage of the kW-level stack,which is mainly attributed to severe performance decay caused by the core component,i.e.,AEM.Here,the review comprehensively presents the recent progress of advanced AEM from the view of the performance of water electrolysis cells.Herein,fundamental principles and critical components of AEM water electrolyzers are introduced,and work conditions of AEM water electrolyzers and AEM performance improvement strategies are discussed.The challenges and perspectives are also analyzed.

Influence of exchange bias on spin torque ferromagnetic resonance for quantification of spin–orbit torque efficiency

Antiferromagnet(AFM)/ferromagnet(FM)heterostructure is a popular system for studying the spin–orbit torque(SOT)of AFMs.However,the interfacial exchange bias field induces that the magnetization in FM layer is noncollinear to the external magnetic field,namely the magnetic moment drag effect,which further influences the characteristic of SOT efficiency.In this work,we study the SOT efficiencies of IrMn/NiFe bilayers with strong interfacial exchange bias by using spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance(ST-FMR)method.A full analysis on the AFM/FM systems with exchange bias is performed,and the angular dependence of magnetization on external magnetic field is determined through the minimum rule of free energy.The ST-FMR results can be well fitted by this model.We obtained the relative accurate SOT efficiencyξ_(DL)=0.058 for the IrMn film.This work provides a useful method to analyze the angular dependence of ST-FMR results and facilitates the accurate measurement of SOT efficiency for the AFM/FM heterostructures with strong exchange bias.

Topology Optimization of Two Fluid Heat Transfer Problems for Heat Exchanger Design

Topology optimization of thermal-fluid coupling problems has received widespread attention.This article proposes a novel topology optimization method for laminar two-fluid heat exchanger design.The proposed method utilizes an artificial density field to create two permeability interpolation functions that exhibit opposing trends,ensuring separation between the two fluid domains.Additionally,a Gaussian function is employed to construct an interpolation function for the thermal conductivity coefficient.Furthermore,a computational program has been developed on the OpenFOAM platform for the topology optimization of two-fluid heat exchangers.This program leverages parallel computing,significantly reducing the time required for the topology optimization process.To enhance computational speed and reduce the number of constraint conditions,we replaced the conventional pressure drop constraint condition in the optimization problem with a pressure inlet/outlet boundary condition.The 3D optimization results demonstrate the characteristic features of a surface structure,providing valuable guidance for designing heat exchangers that achieve high heat exchange efficiency while minimizing excessive pressure loss.At the same time,a new structure appears in large-scale topology optimization,which proves the effectiveness and stability of the topology optimization program written in this paper in large-scale calculation.

Indian monsoon drove the dispersal of the thoracica group of Scytodes spitting spiders

We examined the global biogeography of the Scytodes thoracica group of spitting spiders based on 23 years of sampling at the species level(61 species in the thoracica group and 84 species of Scytodes)using DNA data from six loci.Our results indicated that the thoracica group initially dispersed from Southeast Asia to East Africa between 46.5 and 33.0 million years ago,and dispersal events intensified between Southeast/South Asia and East/South Africa from the early to late Miocene.The timing of these events indicates that Asian-African faunal exchange of the thoracica group was driven by the Indian monsoon,and the pattern of dispersal suggests that colonialization took root when the Indian monsoon shifted from a North-South direction to an East-West direction from the middle Eocene.