Instability mechanism of mining roadway passing through fault at different angles in kilometre-deep mine and control measures of roof cutting and NPR cables

The angle α between the fault strike and the axial direction of the roadway produces different damage characteristics. In this paper, the research methodology includes theoretical analyses, numerical simulations and field experiments in the context of the Daqiang coal mine located in Shenyang, China. The stability control countermeasure of "pre-splitting cutting roof + NPR anchor cable"(PSCR-NPR) is simultaneously proposed. According to the different deformation characteristics of the roadway, the faults are innovatively classified into three types, with α of type I being 0°-30°, α of type II being 30°-60°, and α of type III being 60°-90°. The full-cycle stress evolution paths during mining roadway traverses across different types of faults are investigated by numerical simulation. Different pinch angles α lead to high stress concentration areas at different locations in the surrounding rock. The non-uniform stress field formed in the shallow surrounding rock is an important reason for the instability of the roadway. The pre-cracked cut top shifted the high stress region to the deep rock mass and formed a low stress region in the shallow rock mass. The high prestressing NPR anchor cable transforms the non-uniform stress field of the shallow surrounding rock into a uniform stress field. PSCR-NPR is applied in the fault-through roadway of Daqiang mine. The low stress area of the surrounding rock was enlarged by 3-7 times, and the cumulative convergence was reduced by 45%-50%. It provides a reference for the stability control of the deep fault-through mining roadway.

Study on Toughening on Crack Prevention of Jointed Rock Masses with Different Pre-Stress Anchor Cables

The major reason of the failure of jointed rock-mass is the formation of the plastic zone near the crack tip ofⅠ-Ⅱmixed crack which leads to the growth,propagation of the branched crack under load condition.In the paper,the failure judgment of mini-plastic zone's displacement is derived by the Mises yielding rule.The anchor cable is simulated by the different link elements and inflicting pre-strains according to the difference of mechanism of the consolidated segment and free segment.The stress and strain fields near crack tip of twain collinear cracks of different angles and consolidated conditions are simulated by iso-parametric element with eight nodes.The iso-parametric element with eight nodes is degenerated to singular element at crick tip to simulate crack.It is shown that the mini plastic zone's displacement near the crack tip begins to increase,then decreases with the increase of the angle of the crack.The better consolidated condition is,the smaller the angle of crack tip is when the mini plastic zone's displacement near the crack tip arrives at the biggest value.The mini plastic zone's displacement near the crack Tip 2 is bigger than that near the crack Tip 3.The crack is easier to failure with the increase of load.

Stability control measures for roof cutting and NPR supporting of mining roadways in fault areas of kilometre-deep coal mine

The study focuses on the stability control measures for mining roadways in fault zones of deep mines,using Daqiang Coal Mine as a case study.The control system under consideration,referred to as"pre-splitting cutting roof+NPR anchor cable"(PSCR-NPR),is subjected to scrutiny through theoretical analysis,numerical modelling,and field trials.Furthermore,a comprehensive analysis is undertaken to evaluate the stability control mechanism of this particular technology.The study provides evidence that the utilization of deep-hole directional energy-concentrated blasting facilitates the attainment of directional roof cutting in roadways.The aforementioned procedure leads to the formation of a uniform structural surface on the roof of the roadway and causes modifications in the surrounding geological formation.The examination of the lateral abutment pressure and shear stress distribution,both prior to and subsequent to roof cutting,indicates that the implementation of pre-splitting techniques leads to a noteworthy reduction in pressure.The proposition of incorporating the safety factor Q for roof cutting height is suggested as a method to augment comprehension of the pressure relief phenomenon in the field of engineering.The analysis of numerical simulation has indicated that the optimal pressure relief effect of a mining roadway in a fault area is attained when the value of Q is 1.8.The NPR anchor cable exhibits noteworthy characteristics,including a high level of prestress,continuous resistance,and substantial deformation.After the excavation of the roadway,a notable reduction in radial stress occurs,leading to the reinstatement of the three-phase stress state in the surrounding rock.This restoration is attributed to the substantial prestress exerted on the radial stress.The termination point of the NPR anchor cable is strategically positioned within a stable rock formation,allowing for the utilization of the mechanical characteristics of the deep stable rock mass.This positioning serves to improve the load-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock.The mining roadway within the fault region of Daqiang Coal Mine is outfitted with the PSCR-NPR technology.The drop in shear stress experienced by the rock surrounding the roadway is estimated to be around 30%,whilst the low-stress region of the mining roadway extends by a factor of approximately 5.5.The magnitude of surface displacement convergence experiences a decrease of approximately 45%-50%.The study’s findings provide useful insights regarding the stable of mining roadway in characterized by fault zones.

采煤工作面端头支护工艺可行性技术探讨

介绍了综采放顶煤工作面支护技术的现状,通过对某煤矿薄煤层工作面端头安全出口及两巷道采用“注浆锚索支护技术”进行试用性施工,并在本矿井某工作面运输巷实施了采煤工作面端头安全出口及两巷注浆锚索支护技术,通过前期研究和实际应用,证明该技术工艺完全能满足现场的安全需求,对工作面两端头和两巷顺槽支护提供了安全保障。

既有锚索二次张拉机具技术研究

预应力损失是降低锚索支护效果的重要原因,对既有锚索实施二次张拉,恢复设计预应力对工程防护具有重要的意义。针对既有锚索尾部长度短,无法直接进行二次张拉的问题,研究设计了一种由新型T型锚盘、圆环垫片、持力钢套等部件组成的可拆卸式的既有锚索二次张拉机具。从机具的部件组成、施工流程、技术要点和工程实践等方面进行了详细阐述,该机具操作简单、节省空间,还可重复利用。既有锚索二次张拉的工程实践表明,这种新型的张拉机具可以在既有锚索尾部较短(3~5cm)的情况下实现二次张拉,恢复既有锚索的设计预应力值,大大提高了预应力锚索的支护效果,保证了工程建设的安全与稳定。

Interaction between transverse isotropy rock slope and supporting structure

In order to study the interaction between transverse isotropy rock mass and supporting structure,the laboratory tests for rock sampled from the slope at expressway project were carried out,and the parameters of elasticity for transverse isotropic rock were determined by the uniaxial compression tests for rock sample with different strike of stratification plane.Then,based on the relationship of stress-stain for transverse isotropic rock mass,the analytical model was established for the interaction between transverse isotropic rock mass and frame beam with pre-stressed anchor cable.Furthermore,the conception of the best anchorage-angle in pre-stressed anchor cable was proposed.At last,the parameters of the interaction between transverse isotropy rock mass and frame beam with pre-stressed anchor cable were investigated by finite element method,and the best anchorage-angle in pre-stressed anchor cable was obtained.The rules of the influence of the directivity of stratification plane on supporting structure were determined.The results show that the analytical model and numerical method on the design of pre-stressed anchor cable with frame beam supporting for transverse isotropy rock slope are reasonable and reliable in practical engineering design.