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Make Concerted Efforts to Fast-Track Global Economic Recovery
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作者 Lily Wang 《China's Foreign Trade》 2024年第3期26-29,共4页
Although some Western officials and media outlets have stepped up their smear campaign against China’s economy and have even sought to crack down on emerging Chinese industries,foreign businesses remain confident in ... Although some Western officials and media outlets have stepped up their smear campaign against China’s economy and have even sought to crack down on emerging Chinese industries,foreign businesses remain confident in the prospect of the Chinese economy and are committed to further expanding in the Chinese market.On May 13,the Global Trade and Investment Promotion Summit 2024 was held in Beijing.Chinese Vice President Han Zheng attended and addressed the opening ceremony. 展开更多
关键词 EXPaNDING OUTLET REcoverY
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小空腔内EVA发泡胶带的黏结性能和发泡行为研究
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作者 刘伟 余才利 +2 位作者 陈小澄 张纯 赵克文 《中国塑料》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第8期40-45,共6页
采用4,4-氧代双苯磺酰肼(OBSH)作为发泡剂、以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)作为交联剂、C9树脂作为增黏剂制备了乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)发泡胶带,研究组分对2D发泡胶带使用性能的影响和机理。结果表明,在合适的EVA/BPO/OBSH/C9(100/3/3/40)条件下,... 采用4,4-氧代双苯磺酰肼(OBSH)作为发泡剂、以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)作为交联剂、C9树脂作为增黏剂制备了乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯(EVA)发泡胶带,研究组分对2D发泡胶带使用性能的影响和机理。结果表明,在合适的EVA/BPO/OBSH/C9(100/3/3/40)条件下,发泡胶带能够在170℃和205℃下发泡。发泡胶带具有良好的使用性能,膨胀率超过2倍,不发生挂流,表面平整。同时,发泡胶带的拉伸强度高于5 MPa,断裂伸长率超过240%,吸水率低于5%。 展开更多
关键词 发泡胶带 乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物 声振粗糙度 低挥发性有机化合物 4 4-氧代双苯磺酰肼
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Lateral earth pressure of granular backfills on retaining walls with expanded polystyrene geofoam inclusions under limited surcharge loading 被引量:1
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作者 Kewei Fan Guangqing Yang +2 位作者 Weilie Zou Zhong Han Yang Shen 《Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第4期1388-1397,共10页
Existing studies have focused on the behavior of the retaining wall equipped with expanded polystyrene(EPS)geofoam inclusions under semi-infinite surcharge loading rather than limited surcharge loading.In this paper,t... Existing studies have focused on the behavior of the retaining wall equipped with expanded polystyrene(EPS)geofoam inclusions under semi-infinite surcharge loading rather than limited surcharge loading.In this paper,the failure mode and the earth pressure acting on the rigid retaining wall with EPS geofoam inclusions and granular backfills(henceforth referred to as EPS-wall),under limited surcharge loading are investigated through two-and three-dimensional model tests.The testing results show that different from the sliding of almost all the backfill in the EPS-wall under semi-infinite surcharge loading,only an approximately triangular backfill slides in the wall under limited surcharge loading.The distribution of the lateral earth pressure on the EPS-wall under limited surcharge loading is non-linear,and the distribution changes from the increase of the wall depth to the decrease with the increase of the limited surcharge loading.An approach based on the force equilibrium of a differential element is developed to predict the lateral earth pressure behind the EPS-wall subjected to limited surcharge loading,and its performance was fully validated by the three-dimensional model tests. 展开更多
关键词 Retaining wall Expanded polystyrene(EPS)geofoam Limited surcharge loading Lateral earth pressure Model test Prediction
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应用MSE结合MEAW治疗骨性Ⅲ类伴下颌偏斜病例1例
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作者 赵一诺 李莹 +1 位作者 徐静 胡敏 《口腔医学研究》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第1期83-85,共3页
本病例应用上颌骨性扩弓器(MSE)结合多曲方丝弓(MEAW)技术对1名骨性Ⅲ类伴下颌偏斜患者进行单纯正畸掩饰治疗。保持16个月后观察,疗效稳定无复发。
关键词 骨性Ⅲ类 下颌偏斜 上颌骨性扩弓器 多曲方丝弓
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Dirac和Majorana费米子在空间平坦FRW时空背景下挠率场中的散射
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作者 林威 薛迅 《华东师范大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第3期1-11,共11页
讨论了在空间平坦FRW(Friedmann-Robertson-Walker)时空背景下,通过有质量宇宙学中微子能量分布的移动检验由大尺度Lorentz破缺产生的宇宙学挠率存在的可能性.在空间平坦FRW时空背景下,有质量的宇宙学中,微子在宇宙学挠率场中的散射会... 讨论了在空间平坦FRW(Friedmann-Robertson-Walker)时空背景下,通过有质量宇宙学中微子能量分布的移动检验由大尺度Lorentz破缺产生的宇宙学挠率存在的可能性.在空间平坦FRW时空背景下,有质量的宇宙学中,微子在宇宙学挠率场中的散射会导致其末态能量分布的峰值位置相比于无挠情况时有一个m^(2)/E^(2)量级的移动;并且,在非最小矢量挠率耦合的情况下,对于Dirac中微子和Majoran中微子移动的数值由于矢量挠率的影响而不同. 展开更多
关键词 宇宙学挠率检验 中微子 膨胀宇宙
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The Recovery of Retail Consumption Is on the Way
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作者 Yu Li 《China's Foreign Trade》 2023年第6期60-63,共4页
In March 2023,the Government Work Report issued by the State Council proposed focusing on expanding domestic demand and prioritizing the recovery and expansion of consumption.The Ministry of Commerce has positioned 20... In March 2023,the Government Work Report issued by the State Council proposed focusing on expanding domestic demand and prioritizing the recovery and expansion of consumption.The Ministry of Commerce has positioned 2023 as the"Year of Consumption Boosting",focusing on improving consumption conditions,innovating consumption scenarios,creating a consumption atmosphere,and boosting consumer confidence. 展开更多
关键词 CONSUMPTION REcoverY EXPaNDING
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TEPA改性膨胀蛭石复合材料的制备及其CO_(2)吸附性能研究
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作者 高陈辉 封金鹏 +1 位作者 何奥平 李秀荣 《广西大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS 北大核心 2024年第3期665-675,共11页
工业化进程中排放的二氧化碳加剧了温室效应,对全球气候环境产生了严重影响。目前,液胺吸收CO_(2)是最成熟的碳捕获技术,其具备高吸收容量、快吸收速率和简单再生过程等优点。然而,该技术仍存在着许多缺陷,如设备腐蚀、再生能耗高、环... 工业化进程中排放的二氧化碳加剧了温室效应,对全球气候环境产生了严重影响。目前,液胺吸收CO_(2)是最成熟的碳捕获技术,其具备高吸收容量、快吸收速率和简单再生过程等优点。然而,该技术仍存在着许多缺陷,如设备腐蚀、再生能耗高、环境污染等。针对上述问题,提出一种将四亚乙基五胺(TEPA)负载到膨胀蛭石夹层中制备新型载胺复合材料(EV-TEPA)以吸附CO_(2)的方法,并重点探讨了不同TEPA负载量和温度对CO_(2)吸附性能的影响。结果表明,高温煅烧后的膨胀蛭石(EV)具备优越的分层孔隙结构,其对胺的负载量远大于蛭石原矿(RV)。EV-TEPA吸附剂在75℃时吸附容量最高,为1.24 mmol/g,并且在经历8个循环后吸附容量仅衰减8.87%,表现出良好的循环稳定性。此研究探索了一种经济高效捕获CO_(2)的新型复合材料,为工业应用中CO_(2)吸附剂选择提供了一个参考方案。 展开更多
关键词 碳捕集 CO_(2)吸附 有机胺 膨胀蛭石
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基于MSC.Marc的机械扩径有限元分析
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作者 陈旭坤 黄晓华 《机械设计与制造工程》 2024年第8期30-34,共5页
基于MSC.Marc有限元分析软件对管件管端在机械扩径过程中的弹塑性变形进行研究。将管件机械扩径过程分为整圆、扩径变形和卸载3个阶段,管件在机械扩径变形过程中横截面的变形受多个工艺参数的影响,通过改变扩径模具半径和扩径模具边缘... 基于MSC.Marc有限元分析软件对管件管端在机械扩径过程中的弹塑性变形进行研究。将管件机械扩径过程分为整圆、扩径变形和卸载3个阶段,管件在机械扩径变形过程中横截面的变形受多个工艺参数的影响,通过改变扩径模具半径和扩径模具边缘角半径进行了多组数据的模拟仿真。由模拟结果可知,管件与扩径模具边缘接触位置应力、应变最大,且呈现向两边扩散的趋势。通过对管件机械扩径的模拟,得到了最佳的扩径模具半径以及扩径模具边缘角半径,为实际加工提供了理论参考。 展开更多
关键词 有限元分析 MSC.Marc 机械扩径
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Mechanomedicine:From Mechanogenomics to Mechano-Immunoengineering
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作者 Song Li 《医用生物力学》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2024年第S01期5-6,共2页
Mechanobiology is a rapidly growing field that has expanded significantly over the past 40 years.There have been great examples of mechanobiology research on the cardiovascular,musculoskeletal,and respiratory systems.... Mechanobiology is a rapidly growing field that has expanded significantly over the past 40 years.There have been great examples of mechanobiology research on the cardiovascular,musculoskeletal,and respiratory systems.The field has evolved from the system level to the organ and tissue levels,and down to the cellular and molecular levels,benefiting from scientific progress and technological developments in molecular and cell biology,biomaterials,imaging techniques,and computational tools.Additionally,the interdisciplinary integration of mechanobiology with cell engineering,tissue engineering,and drug delivery has led to promising mechanomedicine applications in both therapeutics and diagnostics.Here,I will discuss two examples at the molecular and cellular levels:(1)mechanical regulation of epigenomics for cell reprogramming,and(2)engineering the mechanical properties of artificial antigen-presenting cells(APCs)for immune cell modulation and cancer therapy.Cell memory of its identity is determined by the epigenetic state of the cells.However,how cells control the epigenetic state and thus cell fate is not well understood,and how mechanical factors such as surface topography,cell morphology,mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix(ECM),and the mechanical deformation of cells regulate the epigenetic state is not clear.In an early study,we showed that biophysical cues,in the form of parallel microgrooves on the surface of cell-adhesive substrates,can replace the effects of small-molecule epigenetic modifiers and significantly improve reprogramming efficiency from fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells.The mechanism relies on the mechanomodulation of the cells’epigenetic state through the activity of histone deacetylase and H3 methyltransferase.We also showed that microtopography promotes a mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in adult fibroblasts.Nanofibrous scaffolds with aligned fiber orientation produce effects similar to those produced by microgrooves,suggesting that changes in cell morphology may be responsible for the modulation of the epigenetic state.The effects of micro/nanopatterned surfaces may be related to the reduction of intracellular tension and cell adhesion.Indeed,the reduction of actin cytoskeletal tension or cell adhesion at the early phase of reprogramming suppresses the expression of mesenchymal genes,promotes a more open chromatin structure,and significantly enhances the efficiency of induced neuronal(i N)conversion.Specifically,the reduction of intracellular tension or cell adhesion not only modulates global epigenetic marks but also decreases DNA methylation and heterochromatin marks while increasing euchromatin marks at the promoter of neuronal genes,thus enhancing the accessibility for gene activation.Finally,micro-and nano-topographic surfaces that reduce cell adhesion enhance i N reprogramming.These novel findings suggest that the actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesions play an important role in epigenetic regulation for cell fate determination,which may lead to biomaterialbased approaches for more effective cell reprogramming.In addition,matrix stiffness also regulates cell reprogramming,which acts as a biphasic regulator of the epigenetic state and fibroblast-to-neuron conversion efficiency,maximized at an intermediate stiffness of 20 k Pa.ATAC sequencing analysis shows the same trend of chromatin accessibility to neuronal genes at these stiffness levels.Concurrently,we observe peak levels of histone acetylation and histone acetyltransferase(HAT)activity in the nucleus on 20 k Pa matrices,and inhibiting HAT activity abolishes matrix stiffness effects.G-actin and cofilin,the co-transporters shuttling HAT into the nucleus,rise with decreasing matrix stiffness;however,reduced importin-9 on soft matrices limits nuclear transport.These two factors result in a biphasic regulation of HAT transport into the nucleus,which is directly demonstrated on matrices with dynamically tunable stiffness.Furthermore,we find that the regulation of the epigenetic state by the viscoelastic matrix is more pronounced on softermatrices.Cells on viscoelastic matrices exhibit larger nuclei,increased nuclear lamina ruffling,loosely organized chromatin,and faster chromatin dynamics compared to those on elastic matrices.These changes are accompanied by a global increase in euchromatic marks and a local increase in chromatin accessibility at the cis-regulatory elements associated with neuronal and pluripotent genes.Consequently,viscoelastic matrices enhance the efficiency of reprogramming fibroblasts into neurons and induced pluripotent stem cells,respectively.Together,our findings demonstrate the key roles of matrix viscoelasticity in regulating the epigenetic state and uncover a new mechanism of biophysical regulation of chromatin and cell reprogramming,with implications for designing smart materials to engineer cell fate.The viscoelasticity of biomaterials not only regulates cell adhesion and the epigenetic state but also modulates other ligand-receptor interactions such as T cell receptor activation.We developed a scalable microfluidic platform to fabricate synthetic viscoelastic activating cells(Syn VACs)with programmable mechanical and chemical properties.We demonstrated that the viscoelastic nature of Syn VACs significantly impacts T cell functionality.Compared to rigid or elastic microspheres,Syn VACs greatly enhance human T cell expansion with drastic CD8+T cell generation while suppressing regulatory T cell formation,resulting in enhanced tumor-killing capability.Notably,expanding chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-T cells with Syn VACs achieves approximately 90%CAR transduction efficiency and leads to a six-fold increase in T memory stem cells.These engineered CAR-T cells exhibit superior efficacy in eliminating tumor cells,not only in a human lymphoma mouse model but also in a solid tumor xenograft mouse model of ovarian cancer.Additionally,Syn VAC-expanded CAR-T cells persist for longer periods in vivo to suppress tumor growth and recurrence.These findings underscore the crucial role of mechanical signals in T cell engineering and highlight the potential of the Syn VAC platform in CAR-T therapy and broad immunoengineering applications.These examples of mechanical regulation of cells not only unravel the underlying mechanisms of mechanotransduction in various cells,but also have tremendous potential to translate into therapeutic applications. 展开更多
关键词 PROGRaMMING VISCOELaSTIC expanded
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Three-Soliton Interactions and the Implementation of Their All-Optical Switching Function
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作者 伊厚会 张鑫 +3 位作者 石领先 姚延立 王树斌 马国利 《Chinese Physics Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第4期51-58,共8页
As a key component in all-optical networks,all-optical switches play a role in constructing all-optical switching.Due to the absence of photoelectric conversion,all-optical networks can overcome the constraints of ele... As a key component in all-optical networks,all-optical switches play a role in constructing all-optical switching.Due to the absence of photoelectric conversion,all-optical networks can overcome the constraints of electronic bottlenecks,thereby improving communication speed and expanding their communication bandwidth.We study all-optical switches based on the interactions among three optical solitons.By analytically solving the coupled nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation,we obtain the three-soliton solution to the equation.We discuss the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of various optical solitons under different initial conditions.Meanwhile,we analyze the influence of relevant physical parameters on the realization of all-optical switching function during the process of three-soliton interactions.The relevant conclusions will be beneficial for expanding network bandwidth and reducing power consumption to meet the growing demand for bandwidth and traffic. 展开更多
关键词 SOLITON EXPaNDING NETWORKS
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Flexible ultrasound arrays with embossed polymer structures for medical imaging
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作者 Zhongming Chen Qilin Hua Guozhen Shen 《Journal of Semiconductors》 EI CAS CSCD 2024年第8期1-3,共3页
In recent years,the application of flexible electronic technology[1−3]combined with ultrasonic imaging[4]has blossomed,resulting in a shift in the application place of ultrasonic imaging technology from medical instit... In recent years,the application of flexible electronic technology[1−3]combined with ultrasonic imaging[4]has blossomed,resulting in a shift in the application place of ultrasonic imaging technology from medical institutions to households.The utilization of this application has expanded from the physician’s positioning and guidance to real-time patient monitoring[5],while the range of application scenarios continues to widen.The transformative changes have made possible through the development of flexible transducer arrays[6,7].Prof.Sheng Xu's team at the University of California San Diego has pioneered the development of various flexible transducer arrays based on island-bridge structures[8]and serpentine electrodes[9].These transducer arrays incorporate rigid 1−3 composite piezoelectric transducers on an island,featuring thin electrodes between the islands to provide mechanical flexibility,metallic electrodes of serpentine structure to provide stretchability of the device,and elastomer materials are used to encapsulate the overall structure,ensuring structural stability and impedance matching to the skin tissue[10].These flexible transducer arrays have found extensive applications in human blood pressure detection[11],cardiac imaging[12],blood flow doppler imaging[13],tissue modulus detection[14],and tissue deep hemoglobin detection[15]. 展开更多
关键词 ISLaND MaTCHING expanded
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Heuristic Expanding Disconnected Graph:A Rapid Path Planning Method for Mobile Robots
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作者 Yong Tao Lian Duan +3 位作者 He Gao Yufan Zhang Yian Song Tianmiao Wang 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第2期68-82,共15页
Existing mobile robots mostly use graph search algorithms for path planning,which suffer from relatively low planning efficiency owing to high redundancy and large computational complexity.Due to the limitations of th... Existing mobile robots mostly use graph search algorithms for path planning,which suffer from relatively low planning efficiency owing to high redundancy and large computational complexity.Due to the limitations of the neighborhood search strategy,the robots could hardly obtain the most optimal global path.A global path planning algorithm,denoted as EDG*,is proposed by expanding nodes using a well-designed expanding disconnected graph operator(EDG)in this paper.Firstly,all obstacles are marked and their corners are located through the map pre-processing.Then,the EDG operator is designed to find points in non-obstruction areas to complete the rapid expansion of disconnected nodes.Finally,the EDG*heuristic iterative algorithm is proposed.It selects the candidate node through a specific valuation function and realizes the node expansion while avoiding collision with a minimum offset.Path planning experiments were conducted in a typical indoor environment and on the public dataset CSM.The result shows that the proposed EDG*reduced the planning time by more than 90%and total length of paths reduced by more than 4.6%.Compared to A*,Dijkstra and JPS,EDG*does not show an exponential explosion effect in map size.The EDG*showed better performance in terms of path smoothness,and collision avoidance.This shows that the EDG*algorithm proposed in this paper can improve the efficiency of path planning and enhance path quality. 展开更多
关键词 Global path planning Mobile robot Expanding disconnected graph Edge node OFFSET
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Controllable fabrication of FeCoS_(4) nanoparticles/S-doped bowl-shaped hollow carbon as efficient lithium storage anode
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作者 Ming Zhou Mengrong Wu +8 位作者 Haiwei Yu Xiangjun Zheng Kuan Shen Xingmei Guo Yuanjun Liu Fu Cao Hongxing Gu Qinghong Kong Junhao Zhang 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期78-88,共11页
To address the low conductivity and easy agglomeration of transition metal sulfide nanoparticles,FeCoS_(4) nanoparticles embedded in S-doped hollow carbon(FeCoS_(4)@S-HC)composites were successfully fabricated through... To address the low conductivity and easy agglomeration of transition metal sulfide nanoparticles,FeCoS_(4) nanoparticles embedded in S-doped hollow carbon(FeCoS_(4)@S-HC)composites were successfully fabricated through a combination of hydrothermal processes and sulfidation treatment.The unique bowlshaped FeCoS_(4)/S-HC composites exhibit excellent structural stability with a high specific surface area of 303.7 m^(2)·g^(-1) and a pore volume of 0.93 cm^(3)·g^(-1).When applied as anode material for lithium-ion batteries,the FeCoS_(4)@S-HC anode exhibits efficient lithium storage with high reversible specific capacity(970.2 mA·h·g^(-1) at 100 mA·g^(-1))and enhanced cycling stability(574 mA·h·g^(-1) at 0.2 A·g^(-1) after 350 cycles,a capacity retention of 84%).The excellent lithium storage is attributed to the fact that the bimetallic FeCoS_(4) nanoparticles with abundant active sites can accelerate the electrochemical reaction kinetics,and the bowl-shaped S-HC structure can provide a stable mechanical structure to suppress volume expansion. 展开更多
关键词 Bimetallic sulfides Bowl-shaped hollow carbon S doping Buffering volume expand Lithium-ion batteries
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Control of Nozzle Flow Using Rectangular Ribs at Sonic and Supersonic Mach Numbers
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作者 Vigneshvaran Sethuraman Parvathy Rajendran +2 位作者 Sher Afghan Khan Abdul Aabid Muneer Baig 《Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing》 EI 2024年第8期1847-1866,共20页
This study deals with base pressure management in a duct for various values of the Mach number(M),namely,Mach number corresponding to sonic and four supersonic conditions.In addition to the Mach number,the nozzle pres... This study deals with base pressure management in a duct for various values of the Mach number(M),namely,Mach number corresponding to sonic and four supersonic conditions.In addition to the Mach number,the nozzle pressure ratio(NPR),the area ratio,the rib dimension,and the duct length are influential parameters.The following specific values are examined at M=1,1.36,1.64,and 2,and NPRs between 1.5 and 10.The base pressure is determined by positioning ribs of varying heights at predetermined intervals throughout the length of the square duct.When the level of expansion is varied,it is seen that the base pressure initially drops for overexpanded flows and increases for under-expanded flows.When ribs are present,the flow field in the duct and pressure inside the duct fluctuate as the base pressure rises.Under-expanded flows can achieve a base pressure value that is suitably high without experiencing excessive changes in the duct flow in terms of static pressure if a rib height around 10%of the duct height close to the nozzle exit is considered.Rectangular rib passive control does not negatively affect the duct’s flow field. 展开更多
关键词 Base pressure internal flows RIBS suddenly expanded flow wall pressure
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Compression properties of cost-efficient porous expanded clay reinforced AA7075 syntactic foams fabricated by industrial-oriented die casting technology
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作者 İsmail Cem Akgün Çağın Bolat Ali Gökşenli 《China Foundry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期60-70,共11页
In today’s manufacturing industries,hard competition between rival firms makes it compulsory for researchers to design lighter and cheaper machine components due to the megatrends of cost-effectiveness and anti-pollu... In today’s manufacturing industries,hard competition between rival firms makes it compulsory for researchers to design lighter and cheaper machine components due to the megatrends of cost-effectiveness and anti-pollution.At this point,aluminum syntactic foams(ASFs)are new-generation engineering composites and come into the upfront as a problem-solver.Owing to their features like low density,sufficient elongation,and perfect energy absorption ability,these advanced foams have been considerably seductive for many industrial sectors nowadays.In this study,an industrial-oriented automatic die casting technology was used for the first time to manufacture the combination of AA7075/porous expanded clay(PEC).Micro evaluations(optical and FESEM)reveal that there is a homogenous particle distribution in the foam samples,and inspections are compatible with the other ASF studies.Additionally,T6 aging heat treatment was operated on one half of the produced foams to explore the probable impact of aging on the compressive responses.Attained results show that PEC particles can be an alternative to expensive hollow spheres used in the previous works.Besides,a favorable relationship is ascertained between the aging treatment and mechanical properties such as compression strength and plateau strength. 展开更多
关键词 die casting porous materials metal matrix sytanctic foams expanded clay compressive deformation
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Key Factors to Consider When Introducing a New Vaccine in Low-Income Settings: Lessons from Malawi Expanded Program on Immunization
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作者 Samuel Mpinganjira Kimberly Konono +5 位作者 Joseph Mwaka Adidja Amani Habtamu Anteneh Michael Ngigi Boston Zimba Atupele Kapito 《World Journal of Vaccines》 CAS 2024年第1期1-23,共23页
Introduction: As new vaccines become available, countries must assess the relevance to introduce them into their vaccination schedules. Malawi has recently introduced several new vaccines and plans to introduce more. ... Introduction: As new vaccines become available, countries must assess the relevance to introduce them into their vaccination schedules. Malawi has recently introduced several new vaccines and plans to introduce more. This study was conducted to identify key factors that need to be considered when deciding to introduce a new vaccine and current challenges faced by low and middle income countries using Malawi as an example. Methodology: The study employed a desk review approach, examining published literature from various sources such as PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar. Policy documents from organizations like the World Health Organization, GAVI the Alliance, and the Ministry of Health for Malawi were also included. A total of 99 articles and documents on new vaccine introduction, challenges of immunization, policy documents in immunization and health systems strengthening were included. The review focused on addressing five key areas critical to new vaccine introduction namely: the need for a vaccine, availability of the vaccine, safety and effectiveness of the vaccine, demand for the vaccine, and the prudent use of public or private funds. Results: Malawi considered the burden of cervical cancer and the significance of malaria in the country when introducing the HPV and malaria vaccines. The country opted for vaccines that can be handled by the cold chain capacity and available human resources. Despite that malaria vaccine and Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine trials were done in country, there are limited vaccine safety and efficacy trials conducted in Malawi, leading to a reliance on WHO-prequalified vaccines. Demand for newly introduced vaccines varied, with high demand for Oral Cholera Vaccine during a cholera outbreak, while demand for COVID-19 vaccines decreased over time. Although cost-effectiveness studies were limited in the country, 2 studies indicated that Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine and malaria vaccine would be cost effective. All these have been implemented despite having challenges like lack of accurate surveillance data, inadequate cold chain capacity, limited safety and efficacy vaccine clinical trials, political influence, and limited funding. Conclusion: Despite several challenges Malawi set a good example of the careful considerations required before introducing a new vaccine. The process involves data review, priority setting, precise planning, and consultation with stakeholders. Low-income countries should invest in vaccine safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness trials. 展开更多
关键词 VaCCINE Introduction Implementation Expanded Program on Immunization LOW-INCOME STaKEHOLDERS
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基于AHB的多模式xSPI控制器设计
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作者 钱俊杰 桑春洋 华国环 《半导体技术》 CAS 北大核心 2024年第7期629-634,共6页
为了提高嵌入式处理器访问外部设备的速率,满足不同场景下的应用需求,设计了一种基于先进高性能总线(AHB)的多模式高速扩展串行外部设备接口(xSPI)控制器。该控制器支持最多八线的接口传输宽度及双边沿触发的传输方式,允许在间接访问模... 为了提高嵌入式处理器访问外部设备的速率,满足不同场景下的应用需求,设计了一种基于先进高性能总线(AHB)的多模式高速扩展串行外部设备接口(xSPI)控制器。该控制器支持最多八线的接口传输宽度及双边沿触发的传输方式,允许在间接访问模式、状态轮询模式及内存映射模式下传输数据,并提供传输宽度和传输阶段控制。基于功能案例以及SMIC 55 nm工艺下的逻辑综合和现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)验证对该控制器进行功能和性能测试。结果表明,该控制器可以通过用户配置来调整传输宽度和边沿触发方式,在多种工作模式下对外部数据进行读/写。此外,其还可以实现可编程的中断触发、时钟延展、直接存储器访问(DMA)传输请求等,且性能良好,最大时钟频率为200 MHz。 展开更多
关键词 先进高性能总线(aHB) 高速扩展串行外部设备接口(xSPI)控制器 间接访问传输 状态轮询传输 内存映射传输
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Nursing Care and Causative Analysis of Grade IV Capsular Contracture Following Breast Cancer Expander Implantation
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作者 Rong Chen Nan Zhang Huiting Zhang 《Advances in Breast Cancer Research》 CAS 2024年第1期1-9,共9页
Objective: By observing the treatment and nursing care of a patient with Grade IV capsular contracture following breast cancer expander implantation and subsequent Stage II reconstruction, we aim to analyze the reason... Objective: By observing the treatment and nursing care of a patient with Grade IV capsular contracture following breast cancer expander implantation and subsequent Stage II reconstruction, we aim to analyze the reasons for the formation of capsular contracture after Stage I expander implantation and prevent its recurrence following Stage II reconstruction. Methods: In May 2020, the patient noticed an increase in the size of a breast mass. In August, she underwent AC-THP neoadjuvant chemotherapy, followed by a “right breast-conserving nipple-areolar subglandular excision + right axillary lymph node dissection + expander implantation” surgery in November 2020. Radiation therapy began in January 2021. During radiation therapy, the patient experienced severe breast hardening, distortion, tenderness, and was diagnosed with Grade IV capsular contracture. To relieve the capsular contracture, the patient underwent a “contracted capsule incision and release procedure + removal of the right breast expander + right breast implantation” surgery in July 2021. Postoperatively, measures were taken to prevent incision infection, emphasizing aseptic techniques, ensuring smooth negative pressure drainage, reducing skin flap tension, monitoring skin flap blood supply, actively preventing subcutaneous effusion and hematoma, and applying appropriate compression dressings. Results: The patient was discharged after the removal of the drainage tube. During the postoperative follow-up at 3 and 6 months, there was no recurrence of capsular contracture, and the breast appeared full, upright, and relatively soft. There were no complications such as hematoma, infection, breast implant rupture, breast sagging, or displacement. The patient had a good outcome without additional financial or surgical burdens. Conclusion: The occurrence of Grade IV capsular contracture in the patient is generally related to infection after Stage I expander implantation, improper compression dressing, excessive saline injection causing content infiltration, and radiation therapy. Therefore, it is recommended to enhance the intraoperative and postoperative prophylactic use of antibiotics after Stage I expander implantation. Intermittent saline injection after surgery, with the amount of saline gradually increasing rather than filling all at once, is advisable. This helps the breast tissue gradually adapt to expansion, reducing the risk of capsular contracture. Postoperatively, patients should be instructed to wear pressure garments and breast elastic bandages while intensifying breast monitoring during radiation therapy and increasing postoperative follow-up. 展开更多
关键词 Breast Cancer Capsular Contracture Expander Implantation
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Optimization of Channel Structure of Alkaline Water Electrolyzer by Using an Expanded Mesh as a Bipolar Plate
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作者 Hai-Yan Xiong Zhen-Xiao Zhu +3 位作者 Xin Gao Chen-Ming Fan Hui-Bao Luan Bing Li 《电化学(中英文)》 CAS 北大核心 2024年第9期25-38,共14页
Alkaline water electrolysis(AWE)is the most mature technology for hydrogen production by water electrolysis.Alkaline water electrolyzer consists of multiple electrolysis cells,and a single cell consists of a diaphragm... Alkaline water electrolysis(AWE)is the most mature technology for hydrogen production by water electrolysis.Alkaline water electrolyzer consists of multiple electrolysis cells,and a single cell consists of a diaphragm,electrodes,bipolar plates and end plates,etc.The existing industrial bipolar plate channel is concave-convex structure,which is manufactured by complicated and high-cost mold punching.This structure still results in uneven electrolyte flow and low current density in the electrolytic cell,further increasing in energy consumption and cost of AWE.Thereby,in this article,the electrochemical and flow model is firstly constructed,based on the existing industrial concave and convex flow channel structure of bipolar plate,to study the current density,electrolyte flow and bubble distribution in the electrolysis cell.The reliability of the model was verified by comparison with experimental data in literature.Among which,the electrochemical current density affects the bubble yield,on the other hand,the generated bubbles cover the electrode surface,affecting the active specific surface area and ohmic resistance,which in turn affects the electrochemical reaction.The result indicates that the flow velocity near the bottom of the concave ball approaches zero,while the flow velocity on the convex ball surface is significantly higher.Additionally,vortices are observed within the flow channel structure,leading to an uneven distribution of electrolyte.Next,modelling is used to optimize the bipolar plate structure of AWE by simulating the electrochemistry and fluid flow performances of four kinds of structures,namely,concave and convex,rhombus,wedge and expanded mesh,in the bipolar plate of alkaline water electrolyzer.The results show that the expanded mesh channel structure has the largest current density of 3330 A/m^(2)and electrolyte flow velocity of 0.507 m/s in the electrolytic cell.Under the same current density,the electrolytic cell with the expanded mesh runner structure has the smallest potential and energy consumption.This work provides a useful guide for the comprehensive understanding and optimization of channel structures,and a theoretical basis for the design of large-scale electrolyzer. 展开更多
关键词 alkaline water electrolyzer Expanded mesh channel structure Numerical simulation
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Predictors of permanent pacemaker implantation following transcatheter aortic valve replacement-the search is still on!
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作者 Sudesh Prajapathi Akshyaya Pradhan 《World Journal of Cardiology》 2024年第3期104-108,共5页
Several anatomical,demographic,clinical,electrocardiographic,procedural,and valve-related variables can be used to predict the probability of developing con-duction abnormalities after transcatheter aortic valve repla... Several anatomical,demographic,clinical,electrocardiographic,procedural,and valve-related variables can be used to predict the probability of developing con-duction abnormalities after transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)that necessitate permanent pacemaker(PPM)implantation.These variables include calcifications around the device landing zone and in the mitral annulus;pre-existing electrocardiographic abnormalities such as left and right bundle branch blocks(BBB),first-and second-degree atrioventricular blocks,as well as bifas-cicular and trifascicular blocks;male sex;diabetes mellitus(DM);hypertension;history of atrial fibrillation;renal failure;dementia;and use of self-expanding valves.The current study supports existing literature by demonstrating that type 2 DM and baseline right BBB are significant predictors of PPM implantation post-TAVR.Regardless of the side of the BBB,this study demonstrated,for the first time,a linear association between the incidence of PPM implantation post-TAVR and every 20 ms increase in baseline QRS duration(above 100 ms).After a 1-year follow-up,patients who received PPM post-TAVR had a higher rate of hospital-ization for heart failure and nonfatal myocardial infarction. 展开更多
关键词 Bundle branch block Self expanding aortic valve atrioventricular node Diabetes mellitus QRS duration
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