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Relativistic Quantum Mechanical Condition for Expansion of the Universe
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作者 Nishant Kumar Sharma 《Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology》 2021年第3期1049-1088,共40页
In this manuscript, we will discuss about the quantum mechanical system for the movement of non-intractable particle, non-intractable particle which attends every mass state in the universe, the form of a non-intracta... In this manuscript, we will discuss about the quantum mechanical system for the movement of non-intractable particle, non-intractable particle which attends every mass state in the universe, the form of a non-intractable particle is <i>n</i> = -<i>m</i>, this manuscript defines the stable cross system for the movement of <i>n</i>-<i>i</i> particles and elementary particles with a perfect black body at centre with proofs of picture of super massive black hole, the linear hamiltonian of the cross quantum mechanical system and with this, it’s co-related matrixes, then by the use of cross system of Non-Intractable Particles defining a new right angel theorem. Then the new black body relation free from plank constant depends on non interactive mechanics and <i>m</i>, which has already mentioned in non-interactive mechanics and it’s relation with galaxies. The unique property of cross system is that it is surrounded by the energy of 10e + e always, and at last the relation between zero point energy and dark energy. 展开更多
关键词 Riemannian Geometry Euclidean Geometry Right Angel Theorem Factors for the expansion of universe Black Body Radiation Cosmic Form of the Nishant Effect
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Black Holes and the Nature of the Expansion of the Universe
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作者 Paul Smeulders 《Journal of Modern Physics》 2016年第9期908-910,共3页
Black Holes absorb matter and because matter has structure in space and time, Black Holes absorb the grid points of space and time. It is this property that creates a void for the remaining visible space-time to expan... Black Holes absorb matter and because matter has structure in space and time, Black Holes absorb the grid points of space and time. It is this property that creates a void for the remaining visible space-time to expand into. This expansion is roughly proportional to the density of the black holes in space and this, because also time is expanding, leads to an apparent exponential expansion for the observer, who is unaware of this. Further the Quantum Mechanical effects: the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and the Tunnelling of particles lead to a flow of matter from the present time into the past. The red-shift is thus not just a sign of an expanding universe but also (and perhaps all of it) that of matter hurling down into the black holes. 展开更多
关键词 expansion of universe Black Holes Speed of Light Big Bang
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The Solution to the Dark Energy Mystery in the Universe of Four Distance Dimensions
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作者 Ahti Rahikainen 《World Journal of Mechanics》 2021年第5期95-110,共16页
This study is a continuation of the solution to the dark matter mystery in the earlier study. In that study, the theoretical four-dimensional mass generates similar galaxy rotations as were measured. This proves that ... This study is a continuation of the solution to the dark matter mystery in the earlier study. In that study, the theoretical four-dimensional mass generates similar galaxy rotations as were measured. This proves that the theory of four-dimensional mass is correct, especially as all the calculations are basic mechanics and easy to understand. Most of the mass and energy in the Universe is unknown. The common knowledge is that the ordinary mass is only about 5%, the dark matter that rotates the galaxies comprises 26%, and dark energy that expands the Universe at an accelerating speed is 69%. This study solves the mystery of dark energy by using the structure of the four-dimensional Universe. The theory of the Universe expanding at an accelerating speed has been based on the redshift measurements, in which the redshift of light from distant galaxies increases at an accelerating rate. Therefore, it has been inferred that the whole Universe expands at an accelerating speed. In this study, the model of the Universe is the surface volume of the four-dimensional spherical Universe. This type of structure of the Universe creates the same kind of an accelerating redshift increase which has been measured. In order to prove this theory, the model of the surface volume of the four-dimensional Universe was constructed, the equation of the redshift caused by this Universe was solved, and the theoretical equation was shown to be the same as the measured redshift in the Universe. The measured redshift in the Universe was obtained from the derivative of the model of the expanding Universe. A similar model of the Universe has been published by NASA. The four-dimensional model of the Universe in this study yielded the Universe that was found to have decelerating expansion at this point of time, and a Big Bang that was not very big. 展开更多
关键词 Dark Matter Dark Energy expansion of universe Big Bang Four-Dimensional Sphere Four-Dimensional Matter Atom Theory
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Variable Speed of Light with Time and General Relativity
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作者 Giuseppe Pipino 《Journal of High Energy Physics, Gravitation and Cosmology》 2021年第2期742-760,共19页
In a previous article entitled: “Evidences for varying speed of light with time” [1], a series of observational evidence was presented in favor of the hypothesis that the speed of light varies with time according to... In a previous article entitled: “Evidences for varying speed of light with time” [1], a series of observational evidence was presented in favor of the hypothesis that the speed of light varies with time according to the relationship d<i>c</i>/d<i>t</i> = -<i>Hc</i>, where <i>H</i> is the Hubble constant which is considered a universal constant. In this paper we propose to elaborate on the observational evidence supporting the hypothesis, and to probe the consequences of this relationship on General Relativity. Also we will provide a theoretical justification of the previous relationship and we will show how from it we can deduce galactic velocity curves. We can deduce the important empirical Tully-Fisher relation linking these curves to the baryonic mass of the galaxy and we can justify the apparent accelerated expansion of the universe without intervening elusive entities such as dark matter and dark energy. 展开更多
关键词 Abnormal Acceleration Modified Newtonian Dynamic Tully-Fisher Relation REDSHIFT Hubble’s Law Dark Matter Dilation of Light Curves of Supernovae Ia Acceleration of expansion of universe General Relativity
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