Interests of Livestock Activities within Agroforestry Systems in Guadeloupe: Stakeholders’ Opinions and Farmers’ Perceptions

The Valab project (Integrated Ecosystemic value-enhancement of the Guadeloupean Forest Agrobiodiversity) is a participatory action research that aims to explore the feasibility of diversification activities within the forest understorey. In the exploratory phase of the project, we studied stakeholders’ opinions on the positive and negative impacts of introducing livestock activities within a forest environment, as well as breeders’ constraints or motivations for setting up livestock units within agroforestry systems in the private forests of Guadeloupe. To establish a diagnosis of the current situation, 51 stakeholders (St) and 49 farmers (Fr) were interviewed on their perceptions, opinions, motivations and preferences. Forty-one percent of the St has had a generally positive appreciation of livestock activities, while on the opposite 31% have had a resolutely negative posture depending on their area of expertise. Their views on the possible positive effects or negative interactions between livestock and agroforestry activities were analysed in order to suggest possible approaches for the authorities or associations. Unanimously, the farmers replied that their motivations followed economic strategies: for self-consumption or sale. But their decision-making processes were also non-economic. Many of them (36% Fr) gave importance to their activity in the construction of their identity, whether it was through a desire to perpetuate traditions or to maintain family activities. The main constraints identified were natural constraints (61% Fr), including topography, climate and predators. While 28% of Fr notified their motivations for environmental protection. Another constraint was of a technical nature (44% Fr) since farmers asked for more technical references or support services. Further researches are required to study the interactions between animals and the undergrowth by describing their respective ecosystem services in order to enhance their positive interactions.

专家控制-改进S面算法在近水面航行器运动控制中的应用研究

[目的]旨在提高舵板响应速度和效率,以满足近水面航行器在静水及波浪干扰下的深度保持和姿态控制要求。[方法]在S面算法的基础上,提出一种具有更快收敛速度的改进S面控制算法,并与专家智能控制相结合,建立闭环专家控制-改进S面算法的混合控制模型,构建混合算法控制器。对比分析PID算法、S面算法、改进S面算法以及专家控制-改进S面算法在近水面航行器航行深度、姿态控制间的差异,并进行波浪干扰下的运动预报。[结果]预报结果表明:改进S面算法在静水航行控制中可提高收敛速度,波浪干扰下可降低纵摇幅度;专家控制-改进S面算法能够提高舵的控制效率,在静水中快速实现航行状态稳定转换,在波浪中有效降低近水面航行器垂荡和纵摇幅值30%以上。[结论]所提专家控制-改进S面算法对近水面航行器运动稳定性的提高适用性良好。

Climate change impacts and forest adaptation in the Asia–Pacific region: from regional experts' perspectives

Expert opinions have been used in a variety of fields to identify relevant issues and courses of action. This study surveys experts in forestry and climate change from the Asia–Pacific region to gauge their perspectives on the impacts of climate change and on the challenges faced by forest adaptation in the region, and explores recommendations and initiatives for adapting forests to climate change. There was consensus regarding the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems and on economic sectors such as agriculture and forestry. Respondents also indicated a lack of public awareness and policy and legislation as challenges to addressing climate change. However, the results indicate differences in opinion between regions on the negative impacts of climate change and in satisfaction with actions taken to address climate change,highlighting the need for locally specific policies and research. The study presents specific recommendations to address issues of most concern, based on subregion and professional affiliation throughout the Asia–Pacific region.The results can be used to improve policy and forest management throughout the region. This research will also provide valuable suggestions on how to apply research findings and management recommendations outside of the AP region. The conclusions should be communicated relative to the level of the research and the target audience,ensuring that scientific findings and management recommendations are effectively communicated to ensure successful implementation of forest adaptation strategies.

Expert panel’s guideline on cervicogenic headache:The Chinese Association for the Study of Pain recommendation

Cervicogenic headache(CEH)has been recognized as a unique category of headache that can be difficult to diagnose and treat.In China,CEH patients are managed by many different specialties,and the treatment plans remain controversial.Therefore,there is a great need for comprehensive evidence-based Chinese experts’recommendations for the management of CEH.The Chinese Association for the Study of Pain asked an expert panel to develop recommendations for a series of questions that are essential for daily clinical management of patients with CEH.A group of multidisciplinary Chinese Association for the Study of Pain experts identified the clinically relevant topics in CEH.A systematic review of the literature was performed,and evidence supporting the benefits and harms for the management of CEH was summarized.Twenty-four recommendations were finally developed through expert consensus voting for evidence quality and recommendation strength.We hope this guideline provides direction for clinicians and patients making treatment decisions for the management of CEH.

Prioritizing sustainable development goals and linking them to ecosystem services:A global expert’s knowledge evaluation

The implementation of strategies to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)is frequently hindered by potential trade-offs between priorities for either environmental protection or human well-being.However,ecosystem services(ES)-based solutions can offer possible co-benefits for SDGs implementation that are often overlooked or underexploited.In this study,we cover this gap and investigate how experts from different countries value the SDGs and relate them with ES.A total of 66 countries participated to the survey,and answers were grouped into three macro-regions:Asia;Europe,North America,and Oceania(ENO);Latin America,Caribbean and Africa(LA).Results show that the most prioritized SDGs in the three macro-regions are usually those related to essential material needs and environmental conditions,such as SDG2(Zero Hunger),SDG1(No Poverty),and SDG6(Clean Water).At a global scale,the number of prioritized synergies between SDGs and ES largely exceeded trade-offs.The highest amount of synergies was observed for SDG1(No Poverty),mainly with SDG2,SDG3(Good Health),SDG5(Gender Equality),and SDG8(Economic Growth).Other major synergies among SDGs include SDG14-15(Life below water-Life on land),SDG5-10(Gender Equity-Reduced Inequality),and SDG1-2(No poverty-Zero Hunger).At a global scale,SDG15,SDG13,SDG14,and SDG6 were closely related to ES like climate regulation,freshwater,food,water purification,biodiversity,and education.SDG11(Sustainable Cities)and SDG3 were also relevant in Asia and in LA,respectively.Overall,this study shows the potential to couple future policies that can implement SDGs’strategies while adopting ES-based solutions in different regions of the world.

关于CodeWarriorProcessorExpert的简要说明

文章首先介绍了CodeWarrior Processor Expert程序设计的概念，接着将其与传统程序设计进行比较，并分析了其优点，然后介绍了PE的运行界面，最后提供了2个PE程序设计实例。

Expert S-surface control for autonomous underwater vehicles

S-surface control has proven to be an effective means for motion control of underwater autonomous vehicles(AUV).However there are still problems maintaining steady precision of course due to the constant need to adjust parameters,especially where there are disturbing currents.Thus an intelligent integral was introduced to improve precision.An expert S-surface control was developed to tune the parameters on-line,based on the expert system,it provides S-surface control according to practical experience and control knowledge.To prevent control output over-compensation,a fuzzy neural network was included to adjust the production rules to the knowledge base.Experiments were conducted on an AUV simulation platform,and the results show that the expert S-surface controller performs better than an S-surface controller in environments with currents,producing good steady precision of course in a robust way.

Feeding a Need A Chinese agricultural expert popularizes ecological livestock farming in Sao Toméand Príncipe

Toyamara Da Vera Cruz is all ears when Peng Yansen, her teacher, glves instructions. Although she has extensive experience in farming herself. coming from a long line of livestock breeders, Cruz is now learning a new skill from Peng.

基于高度冲突专家意见融合的水利工程应急决策

为解决D-S(dempster-shafer)证据理论无法有效集结高冲突专家意见对水利工程应急决策结果的影响,提出了基于Lance距离和信息熵改进D-S证据理论的水利工程应急决策中的专家意见融合方法。首先,利用改进的直觉模糊熵计算属性权重,充分考虑了决策信息的模糊性,得到各专家对方案的Mass函数;然后,使用Lance距离衡量任意两个专家之间的冲突和差异性得到评价证据的可信度,使用信息熵描述专家决策时的随机性问题得到评价证据的不确定度,并将二者折扣处理后得到专家综合权重,保证修正权重的准确合理;最后使用D-S证据组合规则计算修正后各专家对方案的Mass函数,得到最终决策结果。通过实例分析及方法对比验证了模型的有效性,结果表明,提出的方法可以有效集结高度冲突专家意见,与其他方法相比融合结果精度更高,考虑问题更为科学有效,可为水利工程应急决策提供依据。

基于德尔菲法构建护理专业学位研究生与肿瘤专科护士核心能力联合培养方案

目的:构建护理专业学位研究生与肿瘤专科护士核心能力联合培养方案,为推动我国护理专业学位研究生教育的发展提供参考。方法:通过文献分析法及半结构化访谈初步形成护理专业学位研究生与肿瘤专科护士核心能力联合培养方案条目池,制定专家函询问卷,并采取德尔菲专家函询法对15名专家进行专家函询,最终形成护理专业学位研究生与肿瘤专科护士核心能力联合培养方案。结果:3轮函询专家积极性系数均为100.0%,专家权威系数分别为0.838,0.880和0.880。经过咨询最终形成包括理论知识掌握能力、临床综合实践应用能力、组织管理能力、教学及科研能力、发展能力5个一级指标、17个二级指标、96个三级指标的护理专业学位研究生与肿瘤专科护士核心能力联合培养方案。结论:构建的护理专业学位研究生与肿瘤专科护士核心能力联合培养方案具有良好的可靠性与科学性,对肿瘤护理方向专科人才培养提供参考。

B/S模式的水稻病虫害诊断专家系统研究

B/S模式的水稻病虫害诊断专家系统,采用ASP.NET编程技术,且融合专家系统、网络信息系统、多媒体技术等理论,系统主要包括水稻病虫害诊断模块、病虫害防治专业知识模块和专家与用户交流BBS平台等模块,用户通过互联网即可使用该系统,具有使用方便、通用性强等特点。

基于S变换的电压凹陷分类专家系统

提出了基于时频分析方法S变换的电压凹陷分类专家系统。分析了由故障、故障自清除、变压器激磁和感应电机启动等原因引起的电压凹陷在三相幅值凹凸性、谐波含量、幅值突变次数和相位跳变等方面的不同特征,利用S变换良好的时频分析能力提取并量化这些特征信息,并引入了幅度因子、谐波增量、幅值突变次数和最大相位增量等指标,由此建立专家系统推理算法和判别规则。采用二十进制转换分类方式输出分类结果。给出了对多级电压凹陷进行简单判别的方法。通过仿真和实际算例验证,该专家系统可对所考查的电压凹陷进行准确分类判别。

考虑群体决策差异冲突解决机制的配电站房健康状态评估方法

针对配电站房缺乏健康评估机制、运维周期设置不合理的问题,提出了一种考虑群体决策差异冲突解决机制的配电站房健康状态综合评估方法。首先,建立配电站房指标体系和专家评价框架,设计了一种新型的二元冲突测量函数来量化全局冲突。然后,使用专家评价结果的虚假度、可信度、可用度等测度指标构造专家修正因子,以改进D-S证据理论,通过聚合不同专家的评价意见来量化评价指标的权重。接着,建立改进灰色关联度-逼近理想解法(grey relation analysis-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution, GRA-TOPSIS)评估模型,引入灰色关联接近度,与距离接近度融合得到综合接近度,改善TOPSIS评价判据片面性的缺陷。最后,计算每个配电站房的评价值与理想解之间的综合接近度,反映配电站房的健康状态。实验分析表明该方法能兼容专家评价之间的冲突性、差异性、不确定性,与现有方法相比评估结果更具准确性和合理性,对运维人员制定合理的检修决策具有一定的指导价值。

基于C/S+B/S双模式的分布式远程诊断专家系统

分布式远程诊断专家系统(DRFDES)是故障诊断领域的发展趋势之一。为此文章深入研究了其工作原理、实现的硬软件结构及工作过程,分析了Web数据库的体系的两层C/S结构和三层B/S结构及其在DRFDES中的优缺点,在该基础上提出了一种基于C/S和B/S混合模式的数据库体系的分布式远程故障诊断专家系统,探讨了故障诊断知识库的更新模式,并对分布式远程诊断专家系统实现的理论基础和关键技术进行了研究。

基于T-S模糊故障树的受电弓系统可靠性分析

针对动车组受电弓故障统计中历史故障数据的多源异构和数据缺失等问题,同时考虑到受电弓故障的多态性,提出了以信心指数修正的专家调查法结合T-S模糊故障树,对受电弓可靠性进行分析。首先构建动车组受电弓系统的T-S模糊故障树;再对故障树基本事件进行基于信心指数修正的专家调查,得出基本事件模糊故障率;然后根据基本事件模糊故障率计算顶事件模糊可能性和基本事件模糊重要度;最后根据模糊重要度分析系统不同故障状态时影响其可靠性的薄弱环节。该分析结果与动车组的实际情况相符,可为受电弓系统的检修提供参考。

D-S证据理论在作战效能评估中的应用

针对如何利用多数据源来评估武器装备作战效能的问题进行研究,分别对专家评估和仿真试验这两种信息源的m ass函数建立模型。在此基础上,利用D-S合成公式对不同指标进行综合,最终得到评估装备的作战效能。利用这种评估方法,分别对4种方案下的雷达系统进行评估,结果表明该方法符合评估实际,对多数据源的评估有一定的借鉴意义。

基于B/S模式的评标专家库系统平台建设规划

传统的招投标过程难以防止不正当交易和腐败现象 ,将计算机网络技术和招投标工作相结合 ,建立评标专家库系统平台 ,能够促进招投标工作的透明化、标准化、制度化和科学化 ,文中讨论基于B/S模式 ,提出评标专家库系统平台建设的基本思路和方法。

基于D-S证据理论的地震应急救援群决策

为解决地震应急救援群决策中专家偏好冲突问题,提出一种基于登普斯特-沙弗尔(DS)证据理论的专家偏好型应急救援群决策方法。首先,考虑方案执行时间和方案资源的客观属性以及专家的主观偏好,在传统地震救援群决策过程基础上,设计改进的专家偏好型群决策过程;然后,借鉴应急协商模型,设计考虑方案执行时间和资源的偏好函数,基于三角模糊数定义专家主观偏好程度,并运用D-S证据理论综合专家偏好度作方案选择;最后,以2017年九寨沟地震为试验算例,开展方法对比性试验和偏好敏感性试验。结果表明:与仅考虑方案执行时间和资源或基于三角模糊偏好相比,考虑方案执行时间和资源偏好的决策方案更能满足实际地震应急救援需求,且专家的平衡性偏好更有利于地震应急救援方案的正确选择。