A CLASS OF EXPLICIT FORWARD TIME-DIFFERENCE SQUARE CONSERVATIVE SCHEMES

In the present paper, a class of explicit forward time-difference schemes are established from a geometric view with strict analytical deductions. This class includes the schemes with a constant time interval and with adjustable time intervals, which is proved to be effective and remarkably time-saving in numerical tests and applications.

Generalized Square Conservative Multistep Finite Difference Scheme Incorporating Historical Observations

In this paper,a multistep finite difference scheme has been proposed,whose coefficients are determined taking into consideration compatibility and generalized quadratic conservation,as well as incorporating historical observation data.The schemes have three advantages:high-order accuracy in time,generalized square conservation,and smart use of historical observations.Numerical tests based on the one-dimensional linear advection equations suggest that reasonable consideration of accuracy,square conservation,and inclusion of historical observations is critical for good performance of a finite difference scheme.

Constructions and Applied Examinations of a Kind of Square-Conservative Schemes in High Precision in the Time Direction

In order to meet the needs of work in numerical weather forecast and in numerical simulations for climate change and ocean current, a kind of difference scheme in high precision in the time direction developed from the completely square-conservative difference scheme in explicit way is built by means of the Taylor expansion. A numerical test with 4-wave Rossby-Haurwitz waves on them and an application of them on the monthly mean current the of South China Sea are carried out, from which, it is found that not only do the new schemes have high harmony and approximate precision but also can the time step of the schemes be lengthened and can much computational time be saved. Therefore, they are worth generalizing and applying.

EXPLICIT SQUARE CONSERVING SCHEMES OF LANDAU-LIFSHITZ EQUATIONWITH GILBERT COMPONENT

A kind of explicit square-conserving scheme is proposed for the Landau-Lifshitz equation with Gilbert component. The basic idea was to semidiscrete the Landau-Lifshitz equation into the ordinary differential equations. Then the Lie group method and the Runge-Kutta (RK) method were applied to the ordinary differential equations. The square conserving property and the accuracy of the two methods were compared. Numerical experiment results show the Lie group method has the good accuracy and the square conserving property than the RK method.

A High-Order Compact Scheme with Square-Conservativity

In order to improve the accuracy of forecasts of atmospheric and oceanic phenomena which possess a wide range of space and time scales, it is crucial to design the high-order and stable schemes. On the basis of the explicit square-conservative scheme, a high-order compact explicit square-conservative scheme is proposed in this paper. This scheme not only keeps the square-conservative characteristics, but also is of high accuracy. The numerical example shows that this scheme has less computing errors and better computational stability, and it could be considered to be tested and used in many atmospheric and oceanic problems.

Three-Step Difference Scheme for Solving Nonlinear Time-Evolution Partial Differential Equations

In this paper, a special three-step difference scheme is applied to the solution of nonlinear time-evolution equations, whose coefficients are determined according to accuracy constraints, necessary conditions of square conservation, and historical observation information under the linear supposition. As in the linear case, the schemes also have obvious superiority in overall performance in the nonlinear case compared with traditional finite difference schemes, e.g., the leapfrog(LF) scheme and the complete square conservation difference(CSCD) scheme that do not use historical observations in determining their coefficients, and the retrospective time integration(RTI) scheme that does not consider compatibility and square conservation. Ideal numerical experiments using the one-dimensional nonlinear advection equation with an exact solution show that this three-step scheme minimizes its root mean square error(RMSE) during the first 2500 integration steps when no shock waves occur in the exact solution, while the RTI scheme outperforms the LF scheme and CSCD scheme only in the first 1000 steps and then becomes the worst in terms of RMSE up to the 2500th step. It is concluded that reasonable consideration of accuracy, square conservation, and historical observations is also critical for good performance of a finite difference scheme for solving nonlinear equations.

THE FORMULATION OF A PERFECT SQUARE CONSERVATIVE SEMI-IMPLICIT TIME DIFFERENCE SCHEME AND ITS PRELIMINARY CHECK

Quantitative studies of scientific problems require solving correspondent mathematical models. Although a great deal of mathematical models of evolutional problems are set up under continuous space-time meaning, they usually had to be solved numerically after space-time discretization because nonlinear mathematical models except some

AN EXPLICIT COMPLETE SQUARE CONSERVATIVE SCHEME WITH ADJUSTABLE TIME INTERVALS

In this paper,a kind of explicit difference scheme to solve nonlinear evolution equations,perfectly keeping the square conservation by adjusting the time step interval,is constructed,from the comprehensive maintenance of the ad- vantages of the implicit complete square conservative scheme and the explicit instantaneous square conservative scheme. The new schemes are based on the thought of adding a small dissipation,but it is different from the small dissipation method.The dissipative term used in the new schemes is not a simple artificial dissipative term,but a so-called (time) harmonious dissipative term that can compensate for the truncation errors from the dissociation of the time differential term.Therefore,the new schemes may have a high time precision and may acquire a satisfactory effect in numerical tests.

THE CONSTRUCTION AND PRELIMINARY TEST OF THE EXPLICIT COMPLETE SQUARE CON SERVATIVE DIFFEREN CE SCHEMES

One important way to overcome nonlinear computational instability is to construct the complete square conservative finite-differential schemes, which have been widely used in the numerical simulations of atmospheric and oceanic problems. The schemes ever con-

AN EXPLICIT MULTI-CONSERVATION FINITE-DIFFERENCE SCHEME FOR SHALLOW-WATER-WAVE EQUATION

An explicit multi-conservation finite-difference scheme for solving the spherical shallow-water-wave equation set of barotropic atmosphere has been proposed. The numerical scheme is based on a special semi-discrete form of the equations that conserves four basic physical integrals including the total energy, total mass, total potential vorticity and total enstrophy. Numerical tests show that the new scheme performs closely like but is much more time-saving than the implicit multi-conservation scheme.

Square conservation systems and Hamiltonian systems

The internal and external relationships between the square conservation scheme and the symplectic scheme are revealed by a careful study on the interrelation between the square conservation system and the Hamiltonian system in the linear situation, thus laying a theoretical basis for the application and extension of symplectic schemes to square conservations systems, and of those schemes with quadratic conservation properties to Hamiltonian systems.

再论发展方程差分格式的构造和应用

本文把一大类大气、海洋方程归结为一种发展方程,具体构造了若干定时间步长的显式完全平方守恒差分格式。并证明在一定条件下,这类格式也具有能量守恒、“广义能量”守恒和“平均尺度”守恒的特性,它表明这类格式具有较好的计算稳定性和省时性。文中还探讨了显式平方守恒格式与隐式平方守恒格式之间的密切联系。最后给出了令人满意的用四波的R-H波作数值检验的结果。

强迫耗散非线性发展方程与完全平方守恒格式

从描述大气和海洋运动的强迫耗散非线性发展方程出发 ,对强迫耗散非线性大气和海洋方程组显式差分格式的计算稳定性进行了分析 ,构造了一类强迫耗散非线性发展方程的显式准完全平方守恒差分格式。理论分析和数值试验证明 ,这类显式准完全平方守恒差分格式是计算稳定的 ,值得推广应用。

紧致平方守恒格式的构造和检验

为了适应气候和环境数值模拟的需要，本文在原有的显式平方守恒格式和紧致差分格式的基础上，研究构造出高阶紧致的平方守恒格式。文中给出格式的具体构造方法，也给出格式平方守恒性的严格证明。具体算例的计算表明，新构造的格式既提高了计算精度，又有良好的计算稳定性，并且适合推广应用于众多的大气、海洋和环境问题的数值模拟和预测问题。

变步长显式完全平方守恒差分格式

综合隐式完全平方守恒差分格式和显式瞬时平方守恒差分格式的优点，针对一类非线性发展方程构造了一种通过自动调节时间步长来保持平方守恒性的显式差分格式。它基于加小耗散的思想，但又与小耗散法有所不同。本文取的耗散项不是一般的人工耗散，而是取能够弥补由于时间离散所产生的截断误差的所谓（时间）协调耗散。因此，该格式具有较高的时间精度。在数值试验中，该类格式可取得满意的效果。

一种新的区域分离法

本文在特征方向法的基础上建立了一种新的区域分离法，它适于在全球或半球区域的正压“浅水”模式上实现。该方法有三个优点：第一，在分离区域的交界处的边条件不需要专门处理，可以自然吻合，这是其他区域分离法所难以达到的；第二，该方法利用地球经向为自然周期边界的特点，可以将时间步长在极区附近增大数倍，从而节省大量计算时间；第三，该方法虽然有两个分裂区域，但主体计算仍在整个大区域内进行，只是计算结果的具体处理不同而已，这样的计算十分灵活方便。

地球流体力学的研究与进展

简要介绍中国科学院大气物理研究所七十多年来在理论与计算地球流体力学方面的若干研究及其新的进展。在理论地球流体力学方面,介绍了长波动力学及线性稳定性问题、弱非线性理论及行星波动力学以及用Arnold方法(能量-Casimir方法)研究大气和海洋中各种流体运动的非线性稳定性问题的成果。此外,对扰动演变、扰动和基流相互作用及热带大气动力学中的第二类不稳定条件(CISK)也作了简要的介绍。在计算地球流体力学方面,主要内容包括:用物理观点和数学分析相结合的方法阐述了造成计算紊乱和计算不稳定的机理,论证计算稳定性、算子非负性和能量守恒性之间的密切关系,对国际上流行的瞬时能量守恒的格式找到非线性计算不稳定的特解;设计出一批内部协调并且具有完全总能量守恒的差分格式(包括隐式的、显式的和高精度的),发展了多种经济省时算法等等。此外,对近年来新发展的总能量守恒的半拉格朗日格式,多守恒格式及辛几何算法重点作了介绍。

保持总能量守恒的“半拉格朗日算法”

大气海洋问题数值计算的重要特征之一是需要作长时间的数值积分，因此在方程差分离散化后如何保持原问题的物理特性成为一个很关键的问题。从传统的“半拉格朗日法”和显式完全能量守恒差分法中吸取“营养”。

具有Gilbert项的Landau-Lifshitz方程的显式平方守恒格式

构造了一种解具有Gilbert项的Landau＿Lifshitz方程的显式平方守恒格式· 基本思想是离散Landau＿Lifshitz方程成常微分方程组,应用李群方法和显式Runge＿Kutta方法解常微分方程组· 数值试验比较了两方法的保平方守恒特性和精度,得出李群方法(RK＿Cayley方法)比相应的Runge＿Kutta(RK)

显式完全平方守恒差分格式在近岸海流数值模拟中的应用

用显式完全平方守恒差分格式及其改进分解算法对南海月平均流和海面起伏进行了数值模拟，与隐式完全平方守恒差分格式相比，计算时间可省３—５倍，具有良好的时间效益，而且，其计算效果不比隐式完全平方守恒差分格式差。因此，显式完全平方守恒差分格式及其改进分解算法具有良好的实用价值。