A Brief Analysis of the Key Points to Avoid Misunderstanding and Inappropriate Language Expressions in Business Communication

Opportunities for business cooperation have been increased dramatically in the new environment, and under such circumstance, language usage in business communication places a significant role, particularly in oral business language. To promote harmonious conversations, certain factors and manners of communication like paying attention to the cultural differences, the proper use of humor, mutual understanding, and the avoidance of misunderstanding ambiguity should be taken into consideration to avoid an unsuccessful result.

Analysis of TEM-4 compositions in 2008

The Test for English Majors Band-4（TEM4） is annually taken for the second year students in China and it is based on the requirement of English teaching syllabus for English majors. This paper has collected some of students＇ compositions of TEM-4, and according to the score evaluation of the syllabus as well as TEM-4, the paper aims to analyze students＇ errors and find out their reasons behind in order to improve students＇ writing capacity in TEM-4.

New Perspectives of Stylistic Study

As an open and ever-developing discipline with its integrated theoretical system and applied principles, stylistics is exerting a stronger influence on more fields. The author here attempts to talk about the studies of stylistics from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, applied linguistics, corpus linguistics and pragmatics respectively to make a presentation of its great vitality.

Geospacial information utilized under the access control strategy

This paper introduces a solution to the secure requirement for digital rights management （DRM） by the way of geospacial access control named geospacial access control （GeoAC） in geospacial field. The issues of authorization for geospacial DRM are concentrated on. To geospacial DRM, one aspect is the declaration and enforcement of access rights, based on geographic aspects. To the approbation of digital geographic content, it is important to adopt online access to geodata through a special data infrastructure （SDI）. This results in the interoperability requirements on three different levels： data model level, service level and access control level. The interaction between the data model and service level can be obtained by criterions of the open geospacial consortium （OGC）, and the interaction of the access control level may be reached by declaring and enforcing access restrictions in GeoAC. Then an archetype enforcement based on GeoAC is elucidated. As one aspect of performing usage rights, the execution of access restrictions as an extension to a regular SDI is illuminated.

3D printed triboelectric nanogenerator as self-powered human–machine interactive sensor for breathing-based language expression

Human–machine interfaces(HMIs)are important windows for a human to communicate with the outside world.The current HMI devices such as cellphones,tablets,and computers can be used to help people with aphasia for language expression.However,these conventional HMI devices are not friendly to some particular groups who also lose their abilities of physical movements like in the intensive care unit(ICU)or vegetative patients to realize language expression.Herein,we report a breath-driven triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)acting as a HMI sensor for language expression through human breathing without voice controls or manual operations.The TENG is integrated within a mask and fabricated via a three-dimensional(3D)printing method.When wearing the mask,the TENG can produce responsive electric signals corresponding to the airflow from breathing,which is capable of recognizing human breathing types with different intensities,lengths,and frequencies.On the basis of the breathing recognition ability,a breathing-based language expressing system is further developed through introducing the Morse code as a communication protocol.Compared with conventional language expressing devices,this system can extract subjective information of a person from breathing behaviors and output corresponding language text,which is not relying on voices or physical movements.This research for the first time introduces the self-powered breathing-based language expressing method to the field of HMI technology by using a 3D printed TENG,and could make HMI interactions become more friendly and fascinating.