Integrated passage design based on extended free-form deformation and adjoint optimization

Inspired by the three-dimensional design of flow passages in turbomachinery,this study proposes the concept of integrated passage design.The capability of adjoint method for efficient optimization and the flexibility of the parameterization method based on extended free-form defor-mation have been considered to develop a feasible approach to design an integrated passage.This concept was applied to redesign a typical transonic fan,Rotor 67,and the results were analyzed by CFX.It is shown that the passage was adequately adjusted in all three dimensions and reduced the strength of shock wave and wake-induced flow.In particular,the secondary flow was appropriately reorganized and the corner separation was well controlled in the end wall region,leading to signif-icant improvements in adiabatic efficiency and diffusion.

Multi-modality liver image registration based on multilevel B-splines free-form deformation and L-BFGS optimal algorithm

A new coarse-to-fine strategy was proposed for nonrigid registration of computed tomography(CT) and magnetic resonance(MR) images of a liver.This hierarchical framework consisted of an affine transformation and a B-splines free-form deformation(FFD).The affine transformation performed a rough registration targeting the mismatch between the CT and MR images.The B-splines FFD transformation performed a finer registration by correcting local motion deformation.In the registration algorithm,the normalized mutual information(NMI) was used as similarity measure,and the limited memory Broyden-Fletcher- Goldfarb-Shannon(L-BFGS) optimization method was applied for optimization process.The algorithm was applied to the fully automated registration of liver CT and MR images in three subjects.The results demonstrate that the proposed method not only significantly improves the registration accuracy but also reduces the running time,which is effective and efficient for nonrigid registration.

Real-time accurate Free-Form Deformation in terms of triangular Bézier surfaces

We implemented accurate FFD in terms of triangular Bezier surfaces as matrix multiplications in CUDA and rendered them via OpenGL. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is more efficient than the previous GPU acceleration algorithm and tessel- lation shader algorithms.

Cracking Propagation of Hardening Concrete Based on the Extended Finite Element Method

Self-deformation cracking is the cracking caused by thermal deformation, autogenous volume deformation or shrinkage deformation. In this paper, an extended finite element calculation method was deduced for concrete crack propagation under a constant hydration and hardening condition during the construction period, and a corresponding programming code was developed. The experimental investigation shows that initial crack propagation caused by self-deformation loads can be analyzed by this program. This improved algorithm was a preliminary application of the XFEM to the problem of the concrete self-deformation cracking during the hydration and hardening period. However, room for improvement exists for this algorithm in terms of matching calculation programs with mass concrete temperature fields containing cooling pipes and the influence of creep or damage on crack propagation.

The Skin Deformation of a 3D Virtual Human

This paper presents a skin deformation algorithm for creating 3D characters or virtual human models. The algorithm can be applied to rigid deformation, joint dependent localized deformation, skeleton driven deformation, cross contour deformation, and free-form deformation （FFD）. These deformations are computed and demonstrated with examples and the algorithm is applied to overcome the difficulties in mechanically simulating the motion of the human body by club-shape models. The techniques described in this article enables the reconstruction of dynamic human models that can be used in defining and representing the geometrical and kinematical characteristics of human motion.

Image Deformation by User-Defined Force Fields

We present a new method for image deformation. The warping technique provides smooth distortion with intuitive and easy manipulation. Driven by a restrained force field, the input image is deformed gradually and continuously. The method allows us to customize the force fields and the region of interest manually through some simple steps. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and convenience of the approach.

水压与动载耦合作用下高铁隧底结构裂损机理分析

高速铁路隧道底部结构隆起变形开裂是多方面影响因素叠加作用的结果。综合利用扩展有限元方法、流固耦合理论和现场实测结果,采用激振力荷载拟合函数施加于轨面模拟列车振动荷载作用效果,分析在水压和列车动荷载耦合作用下的高铁隧道底部结构不协调变形机理,揭示水压与动荷载作用下隧道底部结构的变形特征与水压力变化规律。研究结果表明:在既有隧底结构型式与排水条件下,水压变化是隧道底部结构变形与开裂的诱发原因,列车动荷载导致的裂缝水压交替变化是隧道底部结构持续性隆起裂损的间接原因。隧道底部结构开裂一般首先发生在仰拱填充层中央排水沟处,然后在轨道板、仰拱填充层与衬砌仰拱结构存在刚度差异的各交界面上出现裂缝。高速列车动荷载周期性的上下振动与水压力耦合作用下隧道底部结构界面和各裂缝过水处产生超静水压力,其周期性抽吸变化将对裂缝产生水力压裂效应,加剧隧道底部结构的裂损。高水压高铁隧道底部结构隆起开裂的整治措施应综合考虑泄水降压、裂缝封堵以及底部多层结构体系的层间锚固。

成核剂ST-NAB3改性扩链聚乳酸的微观结构与性能研究

使用转矩流变仪将扩链剂CEAX8840、成核剂ST-NAB3与PLA熔融共混制备改性PLA,采用扫描电子显微镜、偏光热台显微镜、差示扫描量热仪、热变形仪、万能试验机以及冲击测试仪对改性PLA微观结构、结晶性能以及力学性能和耐热性进行了表征与测试。结果表明,CEAX8840和ST-NAB3的含量分别为6%(质量分数,下同)和1%时,PLA的晶体最小,密度最大,结晶温度提高到123.9°C,结晶度达到44.9%;此外,其冲击强度和热变形温度分别提高到了64.7 kJ/m2和84.9℃。

多层建筑结构抗震缺陷分析

我国强震多发、震灾严重,小震致灾、大震巨灾的状况时有发生,而多层建筑倒塌则是造成人员伤亡的主要因素。针对这些问题,基于2008年汶川8.0级地震以来川滇地区发生的十余次6.0级以上地震震害调查资料,对比了“破坏”与“未破坏”建筑的结构形式、建筑平立面布置、抗侧力构件分布及结构体系,剖析了建筑结构震害特点,总结了房屋破坏、倒塌的原因。认为在强地震中,建筑结构发生破坏及倒塌是因为其自身存在“散”“脆”“偏”“单”等抗震缺陷,其中“偏”的缺陷更为普遍。通过试验研究发现,墙体的约束使结构同层各抗侧力构件的力学性能相差巨大,即硬脆构件和弱延构件同层并存,这有别于传统抗震设计理论将同层所有构件同等对待的情况。

含裂纹缺陷的预扭壳结构非线性振动特性研究

基于扩展等几何方法和一阶壳体剪切变形理论建立了含裂纹缺陷的功能梯度预扭壳结构的非线性振动控制方程。控制方程中考虑了预扭壳结构的预扭角度及几何非线性,应用扩展等几何方法,采用反映位移变化的富集函数来描述裂纹的位置及长度,一方面可以提高计算精度,另一方面可以避免在裂纹处的网格加密,提高计算效率。采用了直接迭代法求解非线性振动控制方程。通过与现有文献结果对比,证明了本文方法的正确性和稳定性。在此基础上,探究裂纹对功能梯度预扭壳结构非线性振动频率的影响,研究了预扭角度、裂纹位置及长度和材料的功能梯度指数等参数对预扭壳非线性振动特性的影响规律。

An Efficient Optimization Design Framework for Low-Resistance Shape of Bionic Amphibious Robot

To realize the low-resistance shape optimization design of amphibious robots,an efficient optimization design framework is proposed to improve the geometric deformation flexibility and optimization efficiency.In the proposed framework,the free-form deformation parametric model of the flat slender body is established and an analytical calculation method for the height constraints is derived.CFD method is introduced to carry out the high-precision resistance calculation and a constrained Kriging-based optimization method is built to improve the optimization efficiency by circularly infilling the new sample points which satisfying the constraints.Finally,the shape of an amphibious robot example is optimized to get the low-resistance shape and the results demonstrate that the presented optimization design framework has the advantages of simplicity,flexibility and high efficiency.

TOOTH CROWN DEFORMABLE DESIGN BASED ON DIRECT MANIPULATION OF FFD

A flexible and adaptable design method for the tooth crown is presented based on the direct manipulation of free-form deformation （FFD）. The correct shape of the tooth crown can be obtained by adding, modifying, and deleting constraint points or load points based on stretching and compressing operation. Finally, an example is given to illustrate the method to be efficient.

面向增程器总成NVH性能提升的薄壁结构件优化方法

为提高某增程器专用汽油发动机正时罩壳的NVH性能,在正时罩壳局部增加若干支撑凸台,大幅提高正时罩壳的动刚度,同时有效降低了单位激励的振动响应和变形量,使增程器总成在满载加速工况下发动机轮系侧1 m处的噪声降低4.0 dB(A),噪声声压级和正时罩壳振动加速度的线性度均得到明显改善。验证结果表明,提高动刚度可有效改善薄壁件结构振动的噪声辐射。

Extended digital image correlation method for micro-region deformation measurement

Extended digital image correlation(X-DIC) method is one novel test method in experimental mechanics.In this paper,the principle of the X-DIC method was introduced in detail.A selection scheme of the initial value of Newton iteration method was proposed when Newton iteration method was applied to solve the partial differential equations.This scheme could make the X-DIC method suitable for the large deformation measurement and avoid the non-convergence phenomenon effectively.The performance of the X-DIC method was verified by simulated images.Since the pixel point with the maximum absolute error occurred mainly at the corner or on the interface of the region of interest(ROI,region used for correlation calculation),measured deformation of the core area(area surrounding the center point of the ROI with a smaller size) was taken as the reliable measured value.The measurement accuracy of the X-DIC method could be improved greatly by using the core area.Combined with a long-distance microscope,the X-DIC method could be used in the deformation measurement of the micro-region.Zero deformation experiment was done to test the precision of the measurement system.Then,the X-DIC method was applied to measure the micro-region deformation of the specimen with a crack.Test value was proved to be in accordance with the actual deformation,showing that the X-DIC method is suitable for the research of microscale mechanical behavior of materials.

基于EFFD参数化的风扇/压气机叶片-端壁一体化伴随优化设计

为解决传统扰动参数化方法的设计能力不足等问题,以拓展自由变形技术为基础开发相应参数化方法以改进伴随优化系统,并对典型跨声速风扇/压气机转子Rotor 67进行叶片-端壁一体化伴随优化。结果表明:经过伴随优化,Rotor 67转子在流量、压比等工况约束变化较小的前提下效率提升了0.74%,且整体特性同样得到了大幅改进,而优化前后的几何与流动变化表明,端区几何调整及叶片吸力面变化引起的吸力面加速减弱、激波强度降低、角区分离涡结构改进等,均是性能提升的内在原因。

APP交流平台下的延伸护理服务对膝关节内翻畸形术后患者功能锻炼依从性及VAS评分的影响

目的:探讨APP交流平台下的延伸护理服务对膝关节内翻畸形术后患者功能锻炼依从性及视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分的影响。方法:选取2019年10月—2020年10月郑州市骨科医院收治的114例膝关节内翻畸形术后患者作为研究对象,采用分层随机法,按照1∶1实验原则分为对照组和观察组,每组各57例。对照组予以常规护理,观察组在常规护理基础上予以APP交流平台下的延伸护理服务,统计比较两组患者功能锻炼依从性,术前、术后1个月和术后3个月膝关节活动度,膝关节功能(HSS)评分,术后1周、术后1个月和术后3个月VAS评分及护理满意度。结果:观察组功能锻炼依从率(94.74%)较对照组(78.95%)高,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=6.218,P<0.05);术后1个月、术后3个月,观察组膝关节活动度、HSS评分较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(t=5.531、6.987;6.322、5.010,P<0.05);术后1个月、术后3个月,观察组VAS评分较对照组低,差异有统计学意义(t=6.461、13.394,P<0.05);观察组移情性、反应性、可靠性、保证性、有形性评分较对照组高,差异有统计学意义(t=5.956、6.582、9.390、10.197、4.830,P<0.05)。结论:APP交流平台下的延伸护理服务可提高膝关节内翻畸形术患者功能锻炼依从性,减轻术后疼痛,有利于其膝关节功能恢复,且患者护理满意度高。

An investigation on adaptively machining the leading and tailing edges of an SPF/DB titanium hollow blade using free-form deformation

Titanium hollow blades are characterized with lightweight and high structural strength, which are widely used in advanced aircraft engines nowadays. Superplastic forming/diffusion bonding （SPF/DB） combined with numerical control （NC） milling is a major solution for manufacturing titanium hollow blades. Due to the shape deviation caused by multiple heat and pressure cycles in the SPF/DB process, it is hard to manufacture the leading and tailing edges by the milling process. This paper presents a new adaptive machining approach using free-form deformation to solve this problem. The actual SPF/DB shape of a hollow blade was firstly inspected by an on-machine measurement method. The measured point data were matched to the nominal SPF/DB shape with an improved ICP algorithm afterwards, by which the point-pairs between the measurement points and their corresponding points on the nominal SPF/DB shape were established, and the maximum modification amount of the final nominal shape was constrained. Based on the displacements between the point-pairs, an accurate FFD volume was iteratively calculated. By embedding the final nominal shape in the deformation space, a new final shape of the hollow blade was built. Finally, a series of measurement and machining tests was performed, the results of which validated the feasibility of the proposed adaptive machining approach.

Free-Form Deformation with Rational DMS-Spline Volumes

In this paper, we propose a novel free-form deformation （FFD） technique, RDMS-FFD （Rational DMS-FFD）, based on rational DMS-spline volumes. RDMS-FFD inherits some good properties of rational DMS-spline volumes and combines more deformation techniques than previous FFD methods in a consistent framework, such as local deformation, control lattice of arbitrary topology, smooth deformation, multiresolution deformation and direct manipulation of deformation. We first introduce the rational DMS-spline volume by directly generalizing the previous results related to DMS-splines. How to generate a tetrahedral domain that approximates the shape of the object to be deformed is also introduced in this paper. Unlike the traditional FFD techniques, we manipulate the vertices of the tetrahedral domain to achieve deformation results. Our system demonstrates that RDMS-FFD is powerful and intuitive in geometric modeling.

渤海盆地的现今扩张运动

关于渤海盆地的扩张,前人已有很多研究成果.但是,对渤海盆地现今扩张的主方向,扩张的速率和笵围迄今还不清楚,本文试图探讨之.根据中国地壳运动观测网络GPS网1998～2004年的观测结果,建立了渤海盆地周围地区相对于欧亚板块的速度场.将该区划分为8个块体,建立了各块体的速度模型,得到该区的水平形变速度场和应变场.分析形变速度场和应变场的空间变化,发现渤海及周围地区呈现明显的NW-SE方向的双向扩张运动,扩张速率为2.5±1.8mm/a.NW-SE与NE-SW方向扩张范围分别为310 km与410 km.渤海盆地扩张的范围与华北地壳最薄的区域基本一致,这表明上地壳的扩张变形与上地幔的隆升密切相关,岩石圈减薄和岩浆上涌使上地壳发生拉张变形,使渤海地区发育成一个拉张盆地.

非网格重剖分模拟宏观裂纹体的扩展有限单元法(Ⅰ:基础理论)

基于有限元计算网格,扩展有限单元法通过建立特殊的广义节点插值形式来描述含裂缝体的不连续位移场,避免了有限元法模拟裂缝时需要的网格重划分。进而,本文从虚功原理出发,在有限元法框架内完整地推导了能模拟宏观裂纹力学场的扩展有限元法实现公式,在理论上更全面地考虑了内部裂纹面上分布外载荷及缝内粘连材料刚度的影响,并提出了构建统一的扩展有限单元刚度阵形成模式,保证了与传统有限单元方式的协调一致。文中对方法的实现过程也做了详细阐述,给出了通用的计算公式,确保了算法的可行性。