Long-time driving and monotonous visual environment increase the safety risk of driving in an extra-long tunnel. Driving fatigue can be effectively relieved by setting the visual fatigue relief zone in the tunnel. How...Long-time driving and monotonous visual environment increase the safety risk of driving in an extra-long tunnel. Driving fatigue can be effectively relieved by setting the visual fatigue relief zone in the tunnel. However, the setting form of visual fatigue relief zone, such as its length and location, is difficult to be designed and quantified. By integrating virtual reality(VR) apparatus with wearable electroencephalogram(EEG)-based devices, a hybrid method was proposed in this study to assist analyzers to formulate the layout of visual fatigue relief zone in the extra-long tunnel.The virtual environment of this study was based on an 11.5 km extra-long tunnel located in Yunnan Province in China.The results indicated that the use of natural landscape decoration inside the tunnel could improve driving fatigue with the growth rate of attention of the driver increased by more than 20%. The accumulation of driving fatigue had a negative effect on the fatigue relief. The results demonstrated that the optimal location of the fatigue relief zone was at the place where driving fatigue had just occurred rather than at the place where a certain amount of driving fatigue had accumulated.展开更多
Underground research laboratory(URL)plays an important role in safe disposal of high-level radioactive waste(HLW).At present,the Xinchang site,located in Gansu Province of China,has been selected as the final site for...Underground research laboratory(URL)plays an important role in safe disposal of high-level radioactive waste(HLW).At present,the Xinchang site,located in Gansu Province of China,has been selected as the final site for China’s first URL,named Beishan URL.For this,a preliminary design of the Beishan URL has been proposed,including one spiral ramp,three shafts and two experimental levels.With advantages of fast advancing and limited disturbance to surrounding rock mass,the tunnel boring machine(TBM)method could be one of the excavation methods considered for the URL ramp.This paper introduces the feasibility study on using TBM to excavation of the Beishan URL ramp.The technical challenges for using TBM in Beishan URL are identified on the base of geological condition and specific layout of the spiral ramp.Then,the technical feasibility study on the specific issues,i.e.extremely hard rock mass,high abrasiveness,TBM operation,muck transportation,water drainage and material transportation,is investigated.This study demonstrates that TBM technology is a feasible method for the Beishan URL excavation.The results can also provide a reference for the design and construction of HLW disposal engineering in similar geological conditions.2020 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).展开更多
The impact of the piston wind caused by vehicle traffic on the temperature field distribution of the tunnel cannot be ignored,especially in spiral tunnels,where the temperature field distribution is more complicated t...The impact of the piston wind caused by vehicle traffic on the temperature field distribution of the tunnel cannot be ignored,especially in spiral tunnels,where the temperature field distribution is more complicated than that in straight tunnels.Based on the world’s longest highway spiral tunnel,this study explores the influence of traffic on the temperature fields of spiral and straight tunnels,and proposes a new design method for laying length of insulation layer.The results show that traffic has a significant effect on the temperature field dis-tribution in the tunnel.The influence degree of different traffic elements decreases in the following order:average vehicle speed>daily traffic>morning rush hour>evening rush hour.The temperature field distribution of spiral tunnels is asymmetry on the left and right compared with straight tunnels,while the influence degree of traffic on the outside of spiral tunnels is similar to that of straight tunnels.Due to the difference of wind direction and traffic direction at different tunnel openings,an asymmetric insulation layer laying method is proposed.It is suggested that the lengths of the insulation layers of the Jinjiazhuang Tunnel should be 1200 m for the right tunnel inlet,700 m for the right tunnel outlet,700 m for the left tunnel inlet,and 1400 m for the left tunnel outlet.展开更多
基金Project(2018YFB2101000) supported by the National Key R&D Program of ChinaProject(20YF1451400) supported by Shanghai Sailing Program,ChinaProject(SLDRCE19-A-14) supported by the Research Fund of State Key Laboratory for Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering,China。
文摘Long-time driving and monotonous visual environment increase the safety risk of driving in an extra-long tunnel. Driving fatigue can be effectively relieved by setting the visual fatigue relief zone in the tunnel. However, the setting form of visual fatigue relief zone, such as its length and location, is difficult to be designed and quantified. By integrating virtual reality(VR) apparatus with wearable electroencephalogram(EEG)-based devices, a hybrid method was proposed in this study to assist analyzers to formulate the layout of visual fatigue relief zone in the extra-long tunnel.The virtual environment of this study was based on an 11.5 km extra-long tunnel located in Yunnan Province in China.The results indicated that the use of natural landscape decoration inside the tunnel could improve driving fatigue with the growth rate of attention of the driver increased by more than 20%. The accumulation of driving fatigue had a negative effect on the fatigue relief. The results demonstrated that the optimal location of the fatigue relief zone was at the place where driving fatigue had just occurred rather than at the place where a certain amount of driving fatigue had accumulated.
基金China Atomic Energy Authority is thanked for its financial support for this project.The authors would like to acknowledge China Railway Engineering Equipment Group Co.,Ltd.,China Railway Construction Heavy Industry Co.,Ltd.,Herrenknecht AG,China Railway 18th Bureau Group Co.,Ltd.,China Railway Tunnel Group Co.,Ltd.,and Liaoning Censcience Industry Co.,Ltd.for their technical support on this research.The valuable comments by two reviewers are appreciated as well.
文摘Underground research laboratory(URL)plays an important role in safe disposal of high-level radioactive waste(HLW).At present,the Xinchang site,located in Gansu Province of China,has been selected as the final site for China’s first URL,named Beishan URL.For this,a preliminary design of the Beishan URL has been proposed,including one spiral ramp,three shafts and two experimental levels.With advantages of fast advancing and limited disturbance to surrounding rock mass,the tunnel boring machine(TBM)method could be one of the excavation methods considered for the URL ramp.This paper introduces the feasibility study on using TBM to excavation of the Beishan URL ramp.The technical challenges for using TBM in Beishan URL are identified on the base of geological condition and specific layout of the spiral ramp.Then,the technical feasibility study on the specific issues,i.e.extremely hard rock mass,high abrasiveness,TBM operation,muck transportation,water drainage and material transportation,is investigated.This study demonstrates that TBM technology is a feasible method for the Beishan URL excavation.The results can also provide a reference for the design and construction of HLW disposal engineering in similar geological conditions.2020 Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51678498)the High-Speed Railway and Natural Science United Foundation of China(U1934213).
文摘The impact of the piston wind caused by vehicle traffic on the temperature field distribution of the tunnel cannot be ignored,especially in spiral tunnels,where the temperature field distribution is more complicated than that in straight tunnels.Based on the world’s longest highway spiral tunnel,this study explores the influence of traffic on the temperature fields of spiral and straight tunnels,and proposes a new design method for laying length of insulation layer.The results show that traffic has a significant effect on the temperature field dis-tribution in the tunnel.The influence degree of different traffic elements decreases in the following order:average vehicle speed>daily traffic>morning rush hour>evening rush hour.The temperature field distribution of spiral tunnels is asymmetry on the left and right compared with straight tunnels,while the influence degree of traffic on the outside of spiral tunnels is similar to that of straight tunnels.Due to the difference of wind direction and traffic direction at different tunnel openings,an asymmetric insulation layer laying method is proposed.It is suggested that the lengths of the insulation layers of the Jinjiazhuang Tunnel should be 1200 m for the right tunnel inlet,700 m for the right tunnel outlet,700 m for the left tunnel inlet,and 1400 m for the left tunnel outlet.
