IL-1β通过激活ERK1/2信号通路抑制人脐带间充质干细胞CD200表达抑制巨噬细胞M2极化

目的探究白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)调控人脐带间充质干细胞CD200表达及其对巨噬细胞极化的影响及作用机制。方法无血清培养基分离培养获得人脐带间充质干细胞(hUC-MSC),形态学观察及流式细胞术检测CD73、CD90、CD105、CD14、CD34、CD45、人类白细胞抗原DR(HLA-DR)的表达,确定间充质干细胞属性;20 ng/mL IL-1β处理hUC-MSC 24 h,流式细胞术检测CD200阳性细胞率,实时定量PCR和Western blot法检测CD200 mRNA和蛋白表达水平;佛波酯(PMA)诱导THP-1巨噬细胞活化,并与IL-1β处理感染CD200过表达慢病毒的hUC-MSC共培养,流式细胞术检测CD11c和CD206阳性细胞比例;IL-1β联合细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)特异性抑制剂PD98059处理hUC-MSC,Western blot法检测细胞丝裂原激活蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号分子与CD200的表达。结果IL-1β显著下调hUC-MSC CD200蛋白表达与CD200阳性细胞率;过表达CD200显著上调hUC-MSC CD200表达,且CD200过表达hUC-MSC提高巨噬细胞CD206阳性细胞比率;IL-1β激活hUC-MSC的ERK1/2信号通路,PD98059上调IL-1β处理后hUC-MSC中CD200的蛋白表达。结论IL-1β通过激活ERK1/2信号通路抑制CD200的表达,进而抑制hUC-MSC对巨噬细胞向M2型极化的促进作用。

SOX7靶向ERK1/2/PD-L1通路抑制结直肠癌血管生成

目的探讨性别决定区Y框蛋白7(SOX7)对结直肠癌血管生成的影响及潜在作用机制。方法应用免疫荧光检测结直肠癌患者组织样本中SOX7表达水平,之后通过裸鼠、转染SOX7 mimic的人结直肠癌细胞系SW480细胞和人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)共培养进一步研究。用Western-blot验证SOX7与ERK1/2/PD-L1对结直肠癌细胞的相关蛋白表达的影响。用CCK8检测SOX7与ERK1/2/PD-L1对HUVEC增殖的影响。通过体外内皮细胞成管实验测定SOX7与ERK1/2/PD-L1对肿瘤血管生成的影响。结果SOX7在人结直肠癌组织中表达被抑制(P<0.01),同时SOX7的过表达抑制了小鼠体内肿瘤生长(P<0.01)。SW480细胞中SOX7的过表达抑制了ERK1/2、c-Jun的表达,并在ERK1/2的激动剂Senkyunolide I的作用下上调了SW480细胞的ERK1/2、c-Jun蛋白表达(P<0.01),逆转了SOX7对SW480细胞中ERK1/2、c-Jun蛋白表达的影响(P<0.01)。HUVEC中SOX7抑制了PD-L1、V-EGFR2、p-PI3K、HIF-1α的蛋白表达,Senkyunolide I上调了HUVEC的PD-L1、V-EGFR2、p-PI3K、HIF-1α的蛋白表达,并逆转了SOX7对HUVEC中上述相关蛋白表达的影响(P<0.01)。PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3抑制了PD-L1、V-EGFR2、p-PI3K、HIF-1α的蛋白表达,SOX7过表达在PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3的影响下并没有表现出抑制作用。CCK8实验结果显示SOX7过表达显著抑制了HUVEC的增殖能力,Senkyunolide I作用下的两组HUVEC增殖能力较SOX7 NC组与SOX7 mimic组明显上升,PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3作用下的两组HUVEC增殖能力较SOX7 NC组与SOX7 mimic组明显下降,以上均有明显统计学差异(P<0.01)。成管实验结果显示SOX7过表达抑制了HUVEC的血管生成,Senkyunolide I强烈加速了血管生成,而PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitor 3血管生成则被显著抑制,以上均有明显统计学差异(P<0.01)。结论SOX7通过ERK1/2/PD-L1通路抑制结直肠肿瘤的增殖和血管生成,SOX7可能是晚期CRC患者临床治疗中潜在的抗血管生成靶点。

Dexamethasone suppresses DU145 cell proliferation and cell cycle through inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 /2 pathway and cyclin D1 expression

Aim： To determine the mechanisms of glucocorticoids in inhibiting advanced prostate cancer growth. Methods： The cell proliferation and cell cycle of prostate cancer DU145 cells following dexamethasone treatment were determined by proliferation assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorter. Western blot analysis was carried out to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone on phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）1/2 and expression of cyclin D1 in DU145 cells with or without glucocorticoid receptor （GR） antagonist RU486. Reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction verified the expression of GR mRNA in DU145 cells. Results： Dexamethasone significantly inhibited DU 145 cell proliferation at the G0/G1 phase. Westem blot analysis showed a dramatic reduction of ERK1/2 activity and cyclin D1 expression in dexamethasone-treated cells. The decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in dexamethasone-treated cells was attenuated by GR blockade. Additionally, the effects of dexamethasone in inhibiting cyclin D1 expression were altered by GR blockade. Conclusion： Dexamethasone suppresses DU145 cell proliferation and cell cycle, and the underlying mechanisms are through the inhibition of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and cyclin D1 expression. The inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cyclin D1 expression is attenuated by GR blockade, suggesting that GR regulates ERK1/2 and cyclin D1 pathways. These observations suggest that dexamethasone has a potential clinical application in prostate cancer therapy.

MicroRNA-133b调节FGFR1-ERK1/2-SOX2信号通路对裸鼠肺癌NCI-H1975细胞移植瘤生长的影响

目的探讨microRNA-133b(miR-133b)对裸鼠肺癌NCI-H1975细胞移植瘤生长的抑制作用以及对成纤维细胞生长因子受体1-细胞外信号调节激酶1/2-性别决定区Y-box蛋白2信号通路(FGFR1-ERK1/2-SOX2)的影响。方法q RT-PCR检测人肺成纤维细胞、肺癌细胞株miR-133b表达。miR-133b过表达NCIH1975细胞。将NCI-H1975细胞分为对照组、mimic NC组、miR-133b mimic组、miR-133b mimic+pcDNA3.1组、miR-133b mimic+pcDNA3.1 FGFR1组。CCK-8法检测NCI-H1975细胞增殖抑制率,Transwell实验观察NCI-H1975细胞侵袭、迁移情况。复制裸鼠移植瘤模型并分组,将裸鼠分为对照组、mimic NC组、miR-133b mimic组、miR-133b mimic+AZD4547组,观察各组裸鼠肿瘤体积与重量,HE染色观察各组裸鼠肿瘤组织变化,TUNEL检测肿瘤组织细胞凋亡情况,免疫组织化学法观察裸鼠肿瘤组织Ki-67、Cyclin D1、VEGF-A的表达,Western blotting检测各组肿瘤组织FGFR1、p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2、SOX2蛋白相对表达量。结果与人肺成纤维细胞HLF-α比较,肺癌细胞株NCI-H1975、A427、NGE-1、A549中miR-133b mRNA相对表达量降低(P<0.05),其中以NCI-H1975细胞中miR-133b mRNA相对表达量最低。miR-133b mimic组miR-133b mRNA相对表达量较对照组和mimic NC组升高(P<0.05)。miR-133b可通过负调控FGFR1抑制肺癌NCIH1975细胞增殖和迁移。miR-133b mimic组移植瘤重量较对照组降低、体积缩小,miR-133b mimic+AZD4547组移植瘤重量较miR-133b mimic组降低、体积缩小(P<0.05)。miR-133b mimic组空泡样变性程度较对照组、mimic NC组减轻(P<0.05),miR-133b mimic+AZD4547组空泡样变性程度较miR-133b mimic组减轻(P<0.05)。miR-133b mimic组肿瘤组织细胞凋亡率较对照组升高(P<0.05),miR-133b mimic+AZD4547组肿瘤组织细胞凋亡率较miR-133b mimic组升高(P<0.05)。miR-133b mimic组VEGF-A、Cyclin D、Ki-67阳性细胞比例较对照组降低(P<0.05),miR-133b mimic+AZD4547组VEGF-A、Cyclin D、Ki-67阳性细胞比例较miR-133b mimic组降低(P<0.05)。miR-133b mimic组FGFR1、p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2、SOX2蛋白相对表达量较对照组降低(P<0.05),miR-133b mimic+AZD4547组FGFR1、p-ERK1/2/ERK1/2、SOX2蛋白相对表达量较miR-133b mimic组降低(P<0.05)。结论miR-133b过表达可能通过抑制FGFR1-ERK1/2-SOX2轴,抑制裸鼠肺癌NCI-H1975细胞移植瘤生长。

Activation of extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 in Sertoli cells in experimentally cryptorchid rhesus monkeys

Aim： To assess the spatiotemporal changes in the expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 （ERK1/ 2）, c-Jun N-terminal kinases （JNK） and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases （MAPK） in response to heat stress in the cryptorchid testis, and to investigate a possible relation to Sertoli cell dedifferentiation. Methods： Immunohistochemistry and western blot were used to examine the expression and activation of ERK1/2, p38 and JNK in the cryptorchid testis at various stages after experimental cryptorchidism. Results： The abdominal temperature did not obviously change the total ERK1/2 expression but significantly activated phospho-ERK1/2 in the Sertoli cells of the cryptorchid testis. Heat stress increased total JNK expression in the Sertoli cells of the cryptorchid testis but did not activate phospho-JNK. Neither total p38 nor phospho-p38 was induced by heat stress in the Sertoli cells of the cryptorchid testis. Changes in the spatiotemporal expression of cytokeratin 18 （CK18）, a marker of immature or undifferentiated Sertoli cells, were induced in the cryptorchid testis in a pattern similar to the activation of ERK1/2. Condusion： The activation of ERK1/2 in the testis may be related to dedifferentiation of Sertoli cells under heat stress induced by experimental cryptorchidism.

XAF1 mediates apoptosis through an extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway in colon cancer

Background:XIAP-associated factor 1(XAF1)negatively regulates the function of the X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein(XIAP),a member of the IAP family that exerts antiapoptotic effects.The extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)pathway is thought to increase cell proliferation and to protect cells from apoptosis.The aim of the study was to investigate the correlation between the ERK1/2 signaling pathway and XAF1 in colon cancer.Methods:Four human colon cancer cell lines,HCT1116 and Lovo(wildtype p53),DLD1 and SW1116(mutant p53),were used.Lovo stable transfectants with XAF1 sense and antisense were established.The effects of dominant-negative MEK1(DN-MEK1)and MEK-specific inhibitor U0126 on the ERK signaling pathway and expression of XAF1 and XIAP proteins were determined.The transcription activity of core XAF1 promoter was assessed by dual luciferase reporter assay.Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay.Apoptosis was determined by Hoechst 33258 staining.Results:U0126 increased the expression of XAF1 in a time-and dose-dependent manner.A similar result was obtained in cells transfected with DN-MEK1 treatment.Conversely,the expression of XIAP was down-regulated.Activity of the putative promoter of the XAF1 gene was significantly increased by U0126 treatment and DN-MEK1 transient transfection.rhEGF-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK appeared to have little or no effect on XAF1 expression.Overexpression of XAF1 was more sensitive to U0126-induced apoptosis,whereas down-regulation of XAF1 by antisense reversed U0126-induced inhibition of cell proliferation.Conclusions:XAF1 expression was up-regulated by inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway through transcriptional regulation,which required de novo protein synthesis.The results suggest that XAF1 mediates apoptosis induced by the ERK1/2 pathway in colon cancer.

ERK1/2通过调控NADPH氧化酶和线粒体分裂在结肠炎中的作用

目的研究细胞外信号调节激酶1和2(ERK1/2)通过调控NADPH氧化酶(Nox)和线粒体分裂在结肠炎中的作用。方法3%葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导小鼠急性结肠炎。将30只C57BL/6J小鼠用随机数表法分为6组:Control组、3%DSS组、1%二甲亚砜(DMSO)组、ERK1/2抑制剂(PD98059)组、3%DSS+1%DMSO组、3%DSS+PD98059组,每组5只。评估Control组和3%DSS组小鼠体重变化、结肠长度改变、疾病活动指数和结肠组织病理学改变,检测小鼠结肠黏膜ERK1/2、磷酸化(p)-ERK1/2、Nox1和Nox2表达水平。1%DMSO组、3%DSS+1%DMSO组给予腹腔注射1%DMSO;PD98059组、3%DSS+PD98059组小鼠给予腹腔注射PD98059。评估4组小鼠结肠组织病理学改变,检测Nox1、Nox2、动力相关蛋白1(DRP1)、p-DRP1-S616和p-DRP1-S637等线粒体分裂相关蛋白表达水平的改变。透射电镜观察Control组和3%DSS组小鼠结肠上皮细胞线粒体分裂情况。免疫荧光双染分析2组小鼠结肠黏膜中Nox2与线粒体外膜转位酶TOM复合体(TOMM20)共定位情况。分析2组小鼠结肠黏膜DRP1与Nox2 mRNA相对表达量的相关性。结果与Control组相比,3%DSS组小鼠体重下降、结肠长度缩短、疾病活动指数增加和结肠组织病理学评分升高,结肠黏膜p-ERK1/2、Nox1和Nox2表达增加(P均<0.05)。结肠炎小鼠结肠上皮细胞中的线粒体分裂增加,结肠黏膜的DRP1和Nox2共定位增加,两者mRNA相对表达呈正相关(r=0.678,P<0.05)。ERK1/2抑制剂PD98059改善结肠炎小鼠结肠组织病理学变化,并且下调结肠黏膜Nox1、Nox2、DRP1、p-DRP1-S616的表达。结论抑制ERK1/2可能通过减轻Nox表达和线粒体分裂,改善结肠炎。

从脑肠轴探讨黄芪建中汤对胃溃疡大鼠肝细胞生长因子及ERK1/2和TFF3蛋白表达的影响

目的观察黄芪建中汤对脾胃虚寒型胃溃疡大鼠胃组织中肝细胞生长因子(HGF)及下丘脑和海马区中磷酸化细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(p-ERK1/2)及肠三叶因子3(TFF3)蛋白表达的影响,探究黄芪建中汤治疗脾胃虚寒型胃溃疡的作用及可能机制。方法用随机数字表法将60只大鼠分为正常组、模型组、奥美拉唑组和黄芪建中汤组,每组15只。正常组隔日蒸馏水灌胃,每日不限饮食;其余组大鼠先以小承气汤结合饥饱失常法复制脾胃虚寒证模型,实验第11天采用冰醋酸法建立胃溃疡模型。之后模型组继续隔日上午给予小承气汤并当日禁食,次日恢复饮食,共持续20 d;奥美拉唑组和黄芪建中汤组大鼠除同模型组的每日处理外,每日下午分别给予4.2 mg/(kg·d)奥美拉唑和6.8 g/(kg·d)黄芪建中汤灌胃;正常组隔日上午及每日下午给予蒸馏水灌胃。实验结束后摘取各组大鼠胃,记录溃疡大小并计算胃溃疡指数,HE染色观察胃组织病理形态,免疫组化染色检测胃组织中HGF及下丘脑和海马区中p-ERK1/2、TFF3蛋白阳性表达情况。结果正常组大鼠胃黏膜正常,未见溃疡点及糜烂斑等;模型组大鼠胃黏膜皱襞存在中断,有点状溃疡、糜烂及大量炎性细胞浸润;黄芪建中汤组与奥美拉唑组胃黏膜损伤较模型组轻,有少量炎性细胞浸润,未见明显溃疡。奥美拉唑组和黄芪建中汤组大鼠的胃溃疡指数均明显低于模型组(P均<0.05),胃组织中HGF及下丘脑和海马区中p-ERK1/2、TFF3蛋白表达平均光密度均明显高于模型组(P均<0.05)。结论黄芪建中汤能促进脾胃虚寒型胃溃疡大鼠溃疡愈合,上调HGF、ERK1/2及TFF3的表达可能是其基于脑肠轴治疗脾胃虚寒型胃溃疡的作用机制之一。

线粒体内膜蛋白17(MPV17)通过阻断ERK通路抑制铁过载小鼠脾脏CD3^(+)T细胞铁死亡

目的探索铁过载对小鼠脾脏损伤的影响及线粒体内膜蛋白17(MPV17)在铁过载小鼠脾脏CD3^(+)T细胞铁死亡中的作用。方法将小鼠随机分为正常饮食组、高铁饮食组、高铁饮食联合铁死亡抑制剂ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)处理组、高铁饮食联合MPV17腺病毒注射组,每组5只。喂食8周后,取脾脏组织并固定,通过组织切片和HE染色法观察脾脏结构,碘化丙啶(PI)染色检测脾脏CD3^(+)T细胞死亡,脂质过氧化荧光探针C11 BODIPY 581/591检测脂质氧化,实时定量PCR检测溶质载体家族7成员11(SLC7A11)及前列腺素内过氧化物合成酶2(PTGS2)mRNA水平,流式细胞术检测M1、M2巨噬细胞比例,ELISA实验检测肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)及IL-6的含量。同时增加高铁饮食联合细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)抑制剂处理组、ERK激活剂处理组、β半乳糖苷(β-gal)酶联合ERK激活剂处理组、MPV17联合ERK激活剂处理组,Western blot法检测MPV17、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶4(GPX4)、磷酸化的ERK(p-ERK)水平,JC-1结合流式细胞术检测线粒体膜电位。结果与正常饮食组相比,高铁饮食组小鼠脾脏红髓形状不规则,白髓结构消失,脾脏CD3^(+)T细胞死亡增多,脂质过氧化物增多,SLC7A11及PTGS2表达升高,血液中M1/M2巨噬细胞比例升高,炎症因子含量升高;经Fer-1处理或过表达MPV17,部分恢复脾脏结构,CD3^(+)T细胞数量及脂质过氧化物减少,SLC7A11及PTGS2表达被抑制,M1/M2巨噬细胞比例及炎症因子的含量降低。高铁饮食导致GPX4表达降低,p-ERK表达升高,抑制ERK部分恢复GPX4表达,激活ERK降低GPX4表达;MPV17抑制ERK部分恢复GPX4表达,MPV17部分恢复因ERK激活导致的线粒体膜电势降低。结论铁过载可诱导小鼠脾脏CD3^(+)T细胞发生铁死亡,MPV17通过阻断ERK信号抑制高铁饮食诱导的脾脏CD3^(+)T细胞铁死亡。

CX3CR1对创伤性骨髓炎大鼠骨骼肌微纤维、ERK/MAPK信号通路及炎症反应的影响

目的探索CX3CR1对创伤性骨髓炎大鼠骨骼肌微纤维、ERK/MAPK信号通路及炎症反应的影响。方法选取30只SPF级SD雄性大鼠,依据随机数字表法分为健康组、模型组、CX3CR1抑制组,每组10只。除健康组外,其余各组均建立创伤性骨髓炎模型。其中健康组、模型组大鼠均每日常规腹腔注射生理盐水,CX3CR1干预组向残腔内注射CX3CR1中和抗体进行处理。采用ELISA法检测血清中IL-6、IL-10、IL-1β、TGF-β水平,应用改良X线Norden评分检测骨骼肌微纤维,HE染色观察病理变化,免疫印迹及PCR检测股骨组织中细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶(Extracellular regulated protein kinase,ERK1/2)、丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(Mitogen activated protein kinase,MAPK)蛋白及mRNA表达。结果与健康组比较,模型组TGF-β、IL-1β、IL-10、IL-6等炎症因子含量均升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,CX3CR1抑制组炎症因子含量降低(P<0.05)。与健康组比较,模型组随时间推移X线Norden评分升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,CX3CR1抑制组X线Norden评分降低(P<0.05)。HE染色显示,健康组骨质完好;模型组可见大量炎性细胞浸润、灶性脓肿及坏死灶;CX3CR1抑制组大鼠的骨质明显改善,炎症反应降低。与健康组比较,模型组ERK1/2、MAPK蛋白及mRNA表达升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,CX3CR1抑制组ERK1/2、MAPK蛋白及mRNA表达降低(P<0.05)。结论抑制CX3CR1可改善创伤性骨髓炎大鼠的疾病反应,可能与降低炎症反应、ERK/MAPK信号通路以及改善骨骼肌微纤维相关。

2型糖尿病合并结直肠癌患者癌组织中Ras ERK1/2蛋白表达及意义

目的:研究目的通过检测2型糖尿病合并结直肠癌中Ras-ERK1/2信号表达水平,分析它们与淋巴结转移的关系及其与生存状况的相关性。方法:选择石家庄市人民医院2019年3月到2021年1月期间行结肠癌手术治疗患者59例,按是否同时伴发糖尿病,分为糖尿病组(n=29)和非糖尿病组(n=30)。通过免疫组织化学方法检测两组患者手术切除的癌组织中Ras、ERK1/2蛋白的表达水平。运用Log-rank法分析不同表达情况下淋巴结转移的差异。所有患者随访36个月,统计并比较两组间患者的生存情况,采用spearman相关性分析法分析Ras、ERK1/2表达与生存期相关性。结果:Ras、ERK1/2在结直肠癌组和结直肠癌合并2型糖尿病中均有表达,且主要集中在癌细胞浆中;与非糖尿病组相比,结直肠癌合并2型糖尿病组中Ras、ERK1/2阳性表达率显著升高(P<0.05);结直肠癌合并2型糖尿病组患者淋巴结转移率较单纯结直肠癌组明显升高(P<0.05);与Ras、ERK1/2阴性表达组相比,Ras、ERK1/2阳性表达组患者的淋巴结转移率明显升高(P<0.05)。经spearman相关性分析结果显示,结直肠癌患者Ras、ERK1/2蛋白表达与中位生存时间呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论:Ras-ERK1/2蛋白阳性表达与淋巴结转移正相关,与患者生存期呈负相关,可将其作为早期诊断结直肠癌、判断预后的重要靶点。

Overexpression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 in endothelial cells reduces blood-brain barrier injury in a mouse model of ischemic stroke

Ischemic stroke can cause blood-brain barrier(BBB)injury,which worsens brain damage induced by stroke.Abnormal expression of tight junction proteins in endothelial cells(ECs)can increase intracellular space and BBB leakage.Selective inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase,the negative regulatory substrate of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase(MKP)-1,improves tight junction protein function in ECs,and genetic deletion of MKP-1 aggravates ischemic brain injury.However,whether the latter affects BBB integrity,and the cell type-specific mechanism underlying this process,remain unclear.In this study,we established an adult male mouse model of ischemic stroke by occluding the middle cerebral artery for 60 minutes and overexpressed MKP-1 in ECs on the injured side via lentiviral transfection before stroke.We found that overexpression of MKP-1 in ECs reduced infarct volume,reduced the level of inflammatory factors interleukin-1β,interleukin-6,and chemokine C-C motif ligand-2,inhibited vascular injury,and promoted the recovery of sensorimotor and memory/cognitive function.Overexpression of MKP-1 in ECs also inhibited the activation of cerebral ischemia-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)1/2 and the downregulation of occludin expression.Finally,to investigate the mechanism by which MKP-1 exerted these functions in ECs,we established an ischemic stroke model in vitro by depriving the primary endothelial cell of oxygen and glucose,and pharmacologically inhibited the activity of MKP-1 and ERK1/2.Our findings suggest that MKP-1 inhibition aggravates oxygen and glucose deprivation-induced cell death,cell monolayer leakage,and downregulation of occludin expression,and that inhibiting ERK1/2 can reverse these effects.In addition,co-inhibition of MKP-1 and ERK1/2 exhibited similar effects to inhibition of ERK1/2.These findings suggest that overexpression of MKP-1 in ECs can prevent ischemia-induced occludin downregulation and cell death via deactivating ERK1/2,thereby protecting the integrity of BBB,alleviating brain injury,and improving post-stroke prognosis.

PMS2通过ERK/ERCC1通路对结肠癌SW480细胞生物学行为的影响

目的:探讨减数分裂后分离蛋白2(PMS2)表达对结肠癌SW480细胞生物学行为的影响,阐明PMS2与切除修复交叉互补组1(ERCC1)和细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)信号转导通路的关系。方法:将PMS2 siRNA质粒和PMS2过表达质粒分别转染入结肠癌SW480细胞(分别为PMS2敲减组和PMS2过表达组),同时设PMS2敲减对照组(siRNA-NC组)和PMS2过表达对照组(PMS2 control组)。采用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)法检测各组细胞中PMS2 mRNA表达水平,Western blotting法检测各组细胞中PMS2蛋白表达水平,CCK-8法检测各组细胞增殖活性,细胞划痕实验检测各组细胞迁移率,Transwell小室实验检测各组细胞中侵袭细胞数,流式细胞术检测顺铂作用后各组细胞凋亡率。通过String数据库,对PMS2、ERCC1和ERK上下游蛋白的关系进行生物信息学分析。SW480细胞分别采用3条siRNA进行PMS2和ERCC1敲减,采用RT-qPCR法验证PMS2与ERCC1的相互作用,采用Western blotting法检测各组细胞中PMS2、细胞外调节蛋白激酶1/2(ERK1/2)和磷酸化ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)蛋白表达水平。结果:RT-qPCR法和Western blotting法检测,PMS2基因敲减和过表达细胞模型构建成功。与siRNA-NC组比较,PMS2敲减组细胞增殖活性和细胞迁移率明显升高(P<0.05或P<0.01),侵袭细胞数明显增加(P<0.01),顺铂作用后细胞凋亡率明显降低(P<0.01);与PMS2 control组比较,PMS2过表达组细胞增殖活性和细胞迁移率明显降低(P<0.01),侵袭细胞数明显减少(P<0.01),顺铂作用后细胞凋亡率明显升高(P<0.01)。蛋白-蛋白互作(PPI)富集P值为2.09e-07,包含ERCC1和ERK1/2等相互作用节点数共有13个,提示PMS2、ERCC1和ERK1/2之间可能存在调控作用。与siRNA-NC组比较,各PMS2敲减组细胞中ERCC1 mRNA表达水平明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与siERCC1-NC组比较,各ERCC1敲减组细胞中PMS2 mRNA表达水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与siRNA-NC组比较,PMS2敲减组细胞中PMS2、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2蛋白表达水平均明显降低(P<0.05或P<0.01);与PMS2 control组比较,PMS2过表达组细胞中PMS2、ERK1/2和p-ERK1/2蛋白表达水平均明显升高(P<0.01)。结论:PMS2表达可影响结肠癌SW480细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和抗凋亡能力。PMS2与ERCC1存在互相作用关系,并可通过调节ERCC1参与ERK信号转导通路。

白蛋白结合型紫杉醇对肺鳞癌H520细胞株PD-L1、ERK、p-ERK的调控作用观察

目的探讨白蛋白结合型紫杉醇(ab-PTX)对肺鳞癌H520细胞株的程序性死亡蛋白1配体(PD-L1)表达的影响及其可能的作用机制。方法(1)本研究采用的ab-PTX浓度及作用时间的确定:用0.001、0.01、0.1、1、10μmol/L ab-PTX培养H520细胞株24、36、48 h,计算细胞增殖抑制率,最终选择细胞增殖抑制作用最显著的48 h及其对应的ab-PTX IC50值(1.221μmol/L)进行后续试验。(2)给予不同浓度ab-PTX培养后H520细胞株PD-L1表达观察:培养基中加入0、0.001、0.01、0.1、1、10μmol/L ab-PTX体外培养肺鳞癌H520细胞株48 h(基于(1)中确定的ab-PTX作用时间),采用流式细胞术测算PD-L1阳性细胞率,采用qRT-PCR法检测PD-L1 mRNA。(3)单独或联合给予ab-PTX、细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)抑制剂培养后ERK、p-ERK的表达观察:将H520细胞株分为Control组、abPTX组、PD98059(ERK抑制剂)]组、TPA(ERK激活剂)组、ab-PTX联合PD98059组、ab-PTX联合TPA组,ab-PTX组加入1.221μmol/L ab-PTX(基于(1)中确定的ab-PTX浓度);PD98059组加入50μmol/L PD98059;TPA组加入50nmol/LTPA;ab-PTX+PD98059组加入1.221μmol/Lab-PTX和50μmol/LPD98059;ab-PTX+TPA组加入1.221μmol/L ab-PTX和50 nmol/L TPA,培养48 h,流式细胞术测算PD-L1阳性细胞率,Western blotting法检测ERK、p-ERK。结果(1)不同浓度ab-PTX培养后H520细胞株PD-L1表达:采用0、0.001、0.01、0.1、1、10μmol/L ab-PTX培养的H520细胞株PD-L1阳性细胞率分别为33.9%±1.1%、39.5%±2.7%、52.6%±3.3%、60.3%±3.4%、69.9%±2.3%、77.8%±2.2%,PD-L1 mRNA相对表达量分别为1.06±0.07、1.65±0.22、2.12±0.16、3.25±0.11、3.79±0.14、4.45±0.28,随着ab-PTX浓度的增加,PD-L1阳性细胞率、PD-L1 mRNA相对表达量逐渐上升(P均<0.05)。(2)单独或联合给予ab-PTX、ERK抑制剂培养后ERK、p-ERK的表达及PD-L1阳性细胞率:与Control组相比,ab-PTX组p-ERK相对表达量升高,PD98059组p-ERK相对表达量降低,TPA组p-ERK相对表达量升高;ab-PTX联合PD98059组较ab-PTX组p-ERK相对表达量降低,较PD98059组p-ERK相对表达量升高;ab-PTX联合TPA组较ab-PTX组及TPA组p-ERK相对表达量升高(P均<0.05)。与Control组相比,ab-PTX组PD-L1阳性细胞率升高;与ab-PTX组比较,ab-PTX联合PD98059组PD-L1阳性细胞率降低;与PD98059组比较,ab-PTX联合PD98059组PD-L1阳性细胞率升高;与ab-PTX组及TPA组比较,ab-PTX联合TPA组PD-L1阳性细胞率升高(P均<0.05)。结论ab-PTX可上调H520细胞株PD-L1表达,一定范围内呈剂量依赖性;ab-PTX上调PD-L1表达的作用机制可能部分与ERK信号通路激活有关。

Regulating effect of glycyrrhetinic acid on bronchial asthma smooth muscle proliferation and apoptosis as well as inflammatory factor expression through ERK1/2 signaling pathway

Objective: To study the influence of glycyrrhetinic acid(GA) on bronchial asthma(BA)smooth muscle proliferation and apoptosis as well as inflammatory factor expression and its molecular mechanism.Methods: Male SD guinea pigs were selected and made into asthma models, bronchial asthma smooth muscle cells were cultured and divided into BA group, GA group and GA + LM group that were treated with serum-free RPMI1640 culture medium, serumfree RPMI1640 culture medium containing 50 ng/mL glycyrrhetinic acid, serum-free RPMI1640 culture medium containing 50 ng/mL glycyrrhetinic acid and 100 ng/mL LM22B-10 respectively; normal guinea pigs were collected and bronchial smooth muscle cells were cultured as control group. The cell proliferation activity as well as the expression of proliferation and apoptosis genes, inflammatory factors and p-ERK1/2 was determined.Results: Proliferation activity value and m RNA expression of Bcl-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6,YKL-40, protein expression of p-ERK1/2 of airway smooth muscle cell in BA group were significantly higher than those of control group while m RNA expression levels of Bax,caspase-9 as well as caspase-3 were significantly lower than that of control group(P < 0.05); proliferation activity value and m RNA expression of Bcl-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, YKL-40, protein expression of p-ERK1/2 of airway smooth muscle cell in GA group were significantly lower than those of BA group(P < 0.05) while the m RNA expression levels of Bax, caspase-9 as well as caspase-3 were significantly higher than those of BA group(P < 0.05); proliferation activity value and m RNA expression of Bcl-2, TNF-α, IL-4, IL-6, YKL-40 of airway smooth muscle cell in GA + LM group were significantly higher than those of GA group(P < 0.05) while m RNA expression levels of Bax, caspase-9 as well as caspase-3 were significantly lower that of GA group(P < 0.05).Conclusion: GA can inhibit the proliferation of bronchial smooth muscle cells and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK1/2.

Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Protects Against the Development of Cardiac Remodeling via Sphingosine Kinase 2 and the S1PR2/ERK Pathway

Objective:Cardiac remodeling is a common pathological change in various cardiovascular diseases and can ultimately result in heart failure.Thus,there is an urgent need for more effective strategies to aid in cardiac protection.Our previous work found that sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P)could ameliorate cardiac hypertrophy.In this study,we aimed to investigate whether S1P could prevent cardiac fibrosis and the associated mechanisms in cardiac remodeling.Methods:Eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a sham,transverse aortic constriction(TAC)or a TAC+S1P treatment group.Results:We found that S1P treatment improved cardiac function in TAC mice and that the cardiac fibrosis ratio in the TAC+S1P group was significantly lower and was accompanied by a decrease inα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)and collagen type I(COL I)expression compared with the TAC group.We also found that one of the key S1P enzymes,sphingosine kinase 2(SphK2),which was mainly distributed in cytoblasts,was downregulated in the cardiac remodeling case and recovered after S1P treatment in vivo and in vitro.In addition,our in vitro results showed that S1P treatment activated extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK)phosphorylation mainly through the S1P receptor 2(S1PR2)and spurred p-ERK transposition from the cytoplasm to cytoblast in H9c2 cells exposed to phenylephrine.Conclusion:These findings suggest that SphK2 and the S1PR2/ERK pathway may participate in the anti-remodeling effect of S1P on the heart.This work therefore uncovers a novel potential therapy for the prevention of cardiac remodeling.

microRNA125a-3p对滋养层细胞功能的调控作用及机制

目的观察microRNA125a-3p(miR-125a-3p)在滋养层细胞中的表达,探讨其对滋养层细胞增殖、侵袭和凋亡的调控及机制。方法荧光实时定量PCR检测人滋养层细胞系HTR-8/SVneo、绒癌细胞系JAR和JEG-3中miR-125a-3p的表达情况。以HTR-8/SVneo和JEG-3细胞为实验对象,分为3组:空白对照组(CK组),未做任何处理;阴性对照组(NC组),转染NC-inhibitor;实验组(inhibitor组),转染miR-125a-3p inhibitor。以Transwell、流式细胞仪、CCK8法分别检测细胞的侵袭、凋亡及增殖能力。Western blot检测Fyn蛋白表达情况及ERK1/2、STAT3磷酸化水平。荧光实时定量PCR检测Fyn mRNA水平,免疫共沉淀法检测Fyn活性水平。结果miR-125a-3p mRNA表达水平在HTR-8/SVneo、JAR和JEG-3细胞中依次降低,两两比较均有统计学差异(P<0.01)。抑制HTR-8/SVneo和JEG-3中miR-125a-3p后,细胞的凋亡水平明显降低,侵袭和增殖能力均明显升高(P<0.05);Fyn mRNA和蛋白的表达及活性水平均明显升高(P<0.05);ERK1/2及STAT3的磷酸化水平均不同程度增加(P<0.05)。结论本研究首次在滋养层细胞中检测到miR-125a-3p的表达。miR-125a-3p通过作用于Fyn和ERK1/2-STAT3信号通路可抑制滋养层细胞的增殖、侵袭,促进其凋亡。

Human ciliary muscle cell responses to kinins:Activation of ERK1/2 and pro-matrix metalloproteinases secretion

AIM To study activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2(ERK1/2) and pro-matrix metalloproteinases(pro-MMPs) secretion from isolated primary human ciliary muscle(h-CM) cells in response to bradykinin(BK) and other agonists. METHODS Serum-starved h-CM cells were challenged with vehicle, BK agonists or antagonists. Cell lysates were evaluated for phosphorylated ERK1/2 using homogeneous timeresolved fluorescence technology based on a sandwich immunoassay. Rabbit polyclonal anti-pro-MMP antibodies were used to measure pro-MMPs using immunoblot analysis.RESULTS A 10 min incubation time using 5 × 104 h-CM cells/well was optimum condition for studying stimulation of ERK1/2 phosphorylation. BK(100 nmol/L) caused a 1.86 ± 0.26 fold(n = 3) increase in ERK1/2 phosphorylation above baseline. BK analogs, Met-Lys-BK and RMP-7(100 nmol/L), also stimulated ERK1/2 phosphorylation by 1.57 ± 0.04 and 1.55 ± 0.09 fold, respectively. However, DesArg9-Bradykinin, a B1 receptor-selective agonist(0.1-1 μmol/L), was essentially inactive. HOE-140 or WIN-64338(B2-antagonists) appreciably blocked phosphorylation of ERK1/2 induced by various BK agonists. Pre-treatmentof cells with a prostaglandin(PG) synthase inhibitor(bromfenac; 1 μmol/L) failed to alter kinin-induced ERK1/2 activation. BK and a non-peptide BK agonist(FR-190997)(10 nmol/L-1 μmol/L) also enhanced pro-MMPs secretion(pro-MMP-1 > pro-MMP-3 > pro-MMP-2; 1.45-1.75-fold over baseline) from h-CM cells. CONCLUSION These collective data suggest that B2 kinin receptors initiate signaling in h-CM cells by a relatively rapid mechanism(within minutes) involving ERK1/2 activation which in turn regulates MMPs production(within hours). The latter process does not involve PGs.

ERK信号转导通路在CXCL12促进子宫内膜癌细胞增殖和侵袭中的作用

目的:探讨趋化因子CXCL12及其受体CXCR4(CXCL12/CXCR4)生物学轴通过细胞外信号调节激酶(extracellular signal-regulated kinase,ERK)信号转导通路发挥促子宫内膜癌细胞增殖和侵袭的作用。方法:应用外源性CXCL12处理子宫内膜癌Ishikawa细胞株,通过Western blotting检测不同时间位点ERK1/2的磷酸化水平和Survivin蛋白的表达;通过ELISA检测细胞培养上清液中MMP-2的分泌水平。同时分析AMD3100和PD98059对细胞ERK1/2磷酸化水平、Survivin蛋白水平和MMP-2分泌水平的影响。结果:外源性CXCL12刺激后,可迅速上调ERK1/2的磷酸化水平(t=0.887,P<0.01),促进Survivin蛋白和MMP-2蛋白的表达(t=0.861,P<0.01;t=0.297,P<0.01),且三者均呈时间依赖性。PD98059和AMD3100均能明显抑制外源性CXCL12诱导后ERK1/2的磷酸化水平,而且在两者共同作用下,能完全抑制ERK1/2的磷酸化水平,阻断ERK通路的激活,下调Survivin蛋白和MMP-2蛋白的表达。结论:CXCL12/CXCR4生物学轴通过激活ERK通路上调Survivin蛋白和MMP-2蛋白表达,从而引发Ishikawa细胞一系列增殖和侵袭的生物学效应。

子宫内膜癌中ERK1/2信号转导通路与雌、孕激素受体的相关性

目的检测丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信号通路中细胞外信号调控激酶1/2(ERK1/2)在子宫内膜癌中的表达,探讨其与雌激素受体(ER)和孕激素受体(PR)表达间的相关性。方法用免疫组化方法(SP法)检测30例子宫内膜癌石蜡标本中ERK1/2以及ER和PR的表达;同法检测20例正常子宫内膜、13例增生过长子宫内膜石蜡标本中ERK1/2的表达;对标本的染色情况做半定量分析。结果ERK1/2在正常子宫内膜、增生过长子宫内膜和子宫内膜癌中的表达水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。磷酸化的ERK1/2(p-ERK1/2)在ER阳性与ER阴性子宫内膜癌中的高表达率比较(76.5%vs30.8%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且p-ERK1/2的高表达率与ER的表达水平呈正相关(r=0.457,P<0.05);p-ERK1/2的高表达率与PR的表达水平无相关性(P>0.05)。结论ERK1/2信号转导通路与子宫内膜恶变过程无相关性,其活化与ER表达水平呈正相关。ER可能通过ERK1/2信号通路发挥其在子宫内膜癌中的调控作用。