Optimization of Extraction Process of Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma by Orthogonal Experiment

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma.[Methods]The entropy weight method was used to determine the weight of epicatechin extraction rate and dry extract rate and calculate the comprehensive score.The water extraction process of Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma was optimized by orthogonal design with the comprehensive score as the indicator and the amount of water,extraction time and extraction times as the factors.[Results]The optimum extraction process of Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma was as follows:adding 10 times of water,extracting 3 times,and extracting for 60 min each time.[Conclusions]The optimized extraction process is stable and feasible,and can be used for the extraction of Fagopyri Dibotryis Rhizoma.

Optimization of Extraction Technology of Ellagic Acid from Pomegranate Peels with Orthogonal Experiment

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal condition for extrac- tion of ellagic acid from pomegranate peels. [Method] With ellagic acid yield as an indicator, ultrasound extraction method was adopted to extract the ellagic acid from pomegranate peels, and the concentration of ellagic acid was measured by using ul- traviolet spectrophotometry; L9（34） orthogonal experiment was designed with four fac- tors at three levels, to investigate the effect of extraction temperature, extraction du- ration, solid-liquid ratio and ultrasound power on extraction rate of ellagic acid. [Re- sult] The optimal extraction condition for ellagic acid is extraction temperature of 30 ~C, solid-liquid ratio of 1：200, extraction duration of 20 min, and ultrasound power of 50 W. The relationship between primary and secondary factors affecting experimental indicators was solid-liquid ratio 〉 extraction duration 〉 ultrasound power 〉 extraction temperature. [Conclusion] Solid-liquid ratio has the maximum effect on extraction rate of ellagic acid. The ellagic acid extraction technology identified in this study is rea- sonable and feasible.

Optimization of extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peel by orthogonal experiment design and antioxidant activity

The aim of this study was to investigate the extraction process and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from Yunnan Mengzi pomegranate peel.Single factor and orthogonal test were used as optimize the extract rate(ER)of polyphenols from pomegranate peel(PGP).The polyphenols antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH·,·OH and total reducing ability,and compared with that of Vc.The optimum extraction conditions of polyphenols were as follows:ethanol concentration of 50%,liquid-solid ratio of 50:1,extraction temperature of 90°C,extraction for 4 h.Under these conditions,the ER of polyphenols from GPG was 8.15%.The results showed that the scavenging effects of polyphenols and Vc on DPPH·,·OH increased with increasing concentration,and the scavenging effect of polyphenols on DPPH·was higher than Vc in rang of 0.1-1.6µg/mL.When the concentration is greater than 0.6µg/mL,the scavenging effects of plyphenols on·OH is higher than Vc.The total reducing ability of polyphenols from PGP improved with the increase of concentration,and when the concentration was 8µg/mL,the total reducing ability was 114 U/mL.

Optimization of Conditions for Extracting Luteolin from Ternate Grape Fern Herb by an Orthogonal Experiment

[Objectives] This study was conducted to optimize the extraction process of luteolin, a natural product of Ternate Grape Fern Herb, so as to provide a theoretical research basis for the chemical composition, pharmacological research and preparation development of Ternate Grape Fern Herb. [Methods] The effects of four factors including ultrasonic extraction time, liquid-to-material ratio, ultrasonic extraction temperature and ethanol concentration on extraction yield of luteolin from Ternate Grape Fern Herb were investigated by the ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology, through a single-factor experiment and an orthogonal experiment based on the single-factor experiment, and the experimental data was subjected to variance analysis and SSR analysis of the significance of differences between groups by SPSS20.0 software to select the optimal extraction process conditions. [Results] The optimal extraction process conditions were as follows: ultrasonic extraction time 25 min, liquid-to-material ratio 25∶1 ml/g, ethanol volume fraction 60%, ultrasonic extraction temperature 85 ℃. [Conclusions] The results were verified, and it was determined that the ultrasonic-assisted extraction process established in this study is reasonable and reliable, and can be used for the extraction of luteolin.

An Orthogonal Experiment of Papain-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Agrocybe aegirit

[Objective] This study aimed to explore optimum conditions for papain-as- sisted extraction of polysaccharides from Agrocybe aegirit. [Method] Because enzyme is capable of destroying organizational structure of cells, papain was selected to cat- alyze cells to let polysaccharides out. An orthogonal experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of hydrolysis temperature, hydrolysis time, enzyme concentra- tion and solid to liquid ratio on extraction of polysaccharides from A. aegirit. [Result] Through the orthogonal experiment, the optimum papain-assisted extraction conditions were obtained： hydrolysis temperature, 45 ℃; hydrolysis time, 2 h; enzyme concen- tration 2%; solid to liquid ratio, 1：80. [Conclusion] This study will provide a reference for extraction of polysaccharides from A. aegirit.

Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction Process of Total Flavonoids from Mulberry Leaves by Orthogonal Experiment

In this study, by using mulberry leaves as raw materials, ultrasonic extraction process of total flavonoids from mulberry leaves was optimized by orthogonal experiment. Results showed that the maximum yield of total flavonoids （6.1% ） was obtained from mulberry leaves with addition of 45 times the volume of water by ultrasonic extraction at 55 ℃ for three times, 55 min each. According to the verification test, the optimized technical process was reasonable and feasible with high stability.

Determination of Total Flavonoids in Leaves of Paliurus ramosissimus and Orthogonal Experiment Optimization Process

[Objectives] To screen the optimal extraction conditions of flavonoids from leaves of Paliurus ramosissimus( Lour.) Poir.,measure the content of flavonoids in leaves of P. ramosissimus. using the Microplate Reader,and provide experimental basis for the development of medicinal resources of P. ramosissimus. [Methods] The ultrasonic extraction method was adopted and orthogonal design was carried out to study the effects of ethanol concentration( A),ultrasonic time( B),the solid-to-liquid ratio( C) on the extraction of flavonoids from leaves of P. ramosissimus. The Microplate Reader was used to measure the content of flavonoids in leaves of P. ramosissimus. in different extraction conditions,P. ramosissimus. and the optimal extraction conditions were used to measure the content of flavonoids from leaves of P. ramosissimus.[Results]Effects of the ultrasonic extraction method on the extraction rate of flavonoids from leaves of P. ramosissimus: extraction times >ethanol concentration > Ultrasound time > solid-liquid ratio. The screened optimal extraction process was: ethanol concentration of 65%,the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1∶ 25,ultrasonic time of 2 h and extraction times Under this condition,the extraction rate of total flavonoids in leaves of P. ramosissimus. was 2. 56%. [Conclusions] This method is simple and feasibility,reliable,and suitable for rapid measurement with large samples.

Orthogonal Test Design for Optimization of the Extraction of Flavonid from the Fructus Gardeniae

Objective It is imperative to provide some consistent experimental results for the extraction of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae. Methods The key extraction parameters that influenced the yield of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae were optimized by employing an orthogonal experiment [L9（3）4], including the ratio of buffer solution （Na2B4O7· 10H2O） to raw material, concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in extracting solution, extraction time and pH of buffer solution. An UV/Vis detector was used to perform the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extracted flavonid with the using of the standard sample. Results The maximum extraction yield of the crude extract was 5.0533 （mg/g） after 20 min when the mass ratio of Na2B4O7 · 10H2O to raw material was 0.4%, the concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in the extraction solution was 1/12 （g/mL）, and pH of buffer solution was 4.5. The positive reactions to the Molish and HCI-Mg tests suggested that the extracted compound was flavonoid, and FTIR measurements also identified the presence of flavonoid in the extracts. Conclusion This work is expected to provide a basis for further research, development, and utilization of Fructus gardenia in flavonid extraction.

Study on Extraction Technology of Total Flavonoids from Vitex rotundifolia

[ Objective ] This study aimed to establish the optimal extraction technology of total flavonoids from Vitex rotundifolia and provide a theoretical basis for the utilization and development of V. rotundifolia. [ Method ] With the extraction temperature, extraction time, solid-liquid ratio and ethanol concentration as various factors, the content of total flavonoids as an indicator, the extraction technology of total flavonoids from V. rotundifolia was optimized by orthogonal experiment. [ Result] The optimal combination of extraction conditions was extraction temperature 70℃, extraction time 1 h, solid-liquid ratio 1： 12, ethanol concentration 70%. [Condusion] The optimized extraction technology was simple and efficient for extracting total flavonoids from V. rotundifolia.

Optimization of Extraction Process for Total Flavonoids from Penthorum chinense Pursh and Comparison of Their Contents from Different Parts

[Objectives]This study was conducted to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from Penthorum chinense Pursh and compare their contents from different parts.[Methods]Single factor and orthogonal experiments were designed to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids from P.chinense Pursh with the volume fraction of ethanol,the ratio of material to liquid,heating reflux extraction time and extraction times as factors,and the content of total flavonoids as the index.A verification test was carried out.The optimized extraction process was adopted to compare the contents of total flavonoids from different parts of P.chinense Pursh.[Results]The best extraction process was extracting the powder of P.chinense Pursh for 2.0 h with 20 times of 55%ethanol by reflux twice.Under this condition,the contents of total flavonoids were 3.63%,8.90%,11.28%,and 4.36%from stems,leaves,flowers and whole grass of P.chinense Pursh,respectively.[Conclusions]The process is reasonable,feasible and stable,and can effectively extract total flavonoids from P.chinense Pursh.The contents of total flavonoids from different parts of P.chinense Pursh were quite different,and the value was higher in the leaves and flowers,so the proportions of leaves and flowers should be paid attention to in the industrial processing of P.chinense Pursh.

Study on Extraction of Oolong Tea Assisted by Ultrasonic Wave and 4C Technique and Its Application

[Objectives]The extraction conditions of formula oolong tea were investigated by an orthogonal experiment.[Methods]The technical conditions were optimized by the 4C method,and the application of formula oolong tea extract in cigarettes was studied.[Results]①In the experimental range,the best sensory evaluation effect of formula oolong tea extract was obtained with extraction conditions of 70%ethanol as extraction solvent,extraction time h,extraction temperature 25℃,and ultrasonic frequency 80 kHz,and follow-up low-temperature concentration,low-temperature sedimentation and low-temperature centrifugation.②The effects of different centrifugal speeds on the quality of formula oolong tea extract were explored.The formula oolong tea extract obtained under the conditions of 3000 r/min and centrifugal time of 10 min showed the best evaluation effect with soft and delicate smoke,rich smoke fragrance,good comfort and refreshing mouthfeel.③The effective aroma components in the formula oolong tea extract were qualitatively analyzed by GC-MS.[Conclusions]This study provides high-quality raw materials and a theoretical basis for the research of independent flavor blending in cigarette industry enterprises.

正交实验结合AHP和GA-BP神经网络优化益黄散醇提工艺

目的 优化益黄散的醇提工艺。方法 采用回流提取法,以乙醇体积分数、液料比、提取时间为考察因素设计正交实验,以橙皮苷、川陈皮素、橘皮素、没食子酸、诃黎勒酸、诃子酸、甘草苷、甘草酸、丁香酚含量和干浸膏得率为指标,采用层次分析法(AHP)进行赋权并计算综合评分。通过验证正交实验和遗传算法(GA)-反向传播神经网络(BP神经网络)所预测的结果确定益黄散最佳醇提工艺参数。结果 正交实验优选的最佳醇提工艺参数为乙醇体积分数60%、液料比14∶1(mL/g)、提取时间90 min、提取2次,验证所得综合评分为79.19分;GA-BP神经网络优选的最佳醇提工艺参数为乙醇体积分数65%、液料比14∶1(mL/g)、提取时间60 min、提取2次,验证所得综合评分为85.30分,高于正交实验所得结果。结论 采用正交实验结合GA-BP神经网络的寻优方法较传统的正交实验寻优方法效果更佳,其优选出的益黄散最佳醇提工艺稳定可靠。

超临界CO_(2)萃取烟草中天然烟碱的工艺研究

从烟草中提取烟碱可实现废弃烟草的资源化利用,为此采用单因素实验考察了超临界CO_(2)萃取烟草中烟碱的工艺条件(萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度、CO_(2)流量、原料粒径)对烟碱提取率和烟草浸膏萃取率的影响;此外,还以烟碱提取率为指标,萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度、CO_(2)流量为考察因素,设计正交试验对萃取工艺进行优化,并采用气相色谱-质谱法分析了所得烟草浸膏的成分。结果表明,萃取温度对烟碱提取率的影响最大,萃取时间和萃取压力的影响较大,CO_(2)流量的影响最小。最佳萃取工艺条件:萃取温度为65℃,萃取压力为22 MPa,CO_(2)流量为25 L/h(以150.0 g烟草原料为基准),萃取时间为80 min,原料粒径为0.60 mm。在最佳工艺条件下,烟碱提取率为97.89%,烟草浸膏萃取率为5.57%,烟草浸膏的挥发物中共检测出14种成分,且浸膏主要成分为烟碱(相对含量为52.22%)、新植二烯(相对含量为10.29%)、维生素E(相对含量为6.67%),此外还含有植物甾醇、亚油酸、枫香脂等。因其烟碱相对含量较高,该浸膏可作为后期烟碱纯化的良好原料。

正交试验优化鸡矢藤总环烯醚萜苷的提取工艺

为研究鸡矢藤叶中总环烯醚萜苷的最佳提取工艺,以总环烯醚萜苷提取率为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验,考察乙醇浓度、提取时间、料液比、提取温度、提取次数等因素的影响。结果显示总环烯醚萜苷的最佳提取条件为:80%乙醇作为提取溶剂、提取时间2 min、料液比1∶90 g/mL、提取温度45℃、提取次数6次,在此条件下总环烯醚萜苷的提取率达到46.59 mg/g。本文研究的提取方法高效、稳定、合理,可为鸡矢藤叶中总环烯醚萜苷的研究奠定一定基础。

乙醇法提取月见草中黄酮类化合物的工艺研究

本实验以干燥的月见草粉末为原料,采用醇提法对月见草中黄酮进行提取,采用紫外分光光度法测定月见草黄酮提取量,通过单因素实验和正交实验择优选出月见草中黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件。最佳提取条件为:浸提温度为70℃,提取时间为4 h,料液比为1∶30,乙醇浓度为80%,在此条件下,月见草黄酮提取量为31.62mg·g^(-1)。此实验的研究结果为月见草的应用拓展提供了科学的参考价值。

陆生蓝藻地木耳中海藻糖提取工艺研究

该研究从三氯乙酸浓度、三氯乙酸用量、提取温度及时间4个方面初步探讨从地木耳中提取海藻糖的工艺,该研究通过单因素和正交试验,优化从地木耳中提取海藻糖的工艺条件,通过考察三氯乙酸浓度、用量、提取温度和时间对提取率的影响,确定最佳工艺条件。最佳工艺条件为0.3 M三氯乙酸浓度,用量5 mL,提取温度80℃,时间50 min。

超声波辅助提取黑薯皮中花青素的工艺研究

以黑薯皮为提取原料、酸化甲醇为提取溶剂,采用超声波辅助提取黑薯皮中的花青素。以花青素的提取率为考察指标,首先研究提取温度、料液比、超声功率、超声时间、酸化甲醇浓度等单因素对黑薯皮中花青素提取率的影响。在单因素研究的基础上采用正交实验法进行优化和组合,最终确定黑薯皮中花青素提取的最佳工艺条件如下:提取温度55℃、料液比1∶25(g:mL)、超声功率270 W、超声时间25 min、酸化甲醇浓度50%,在此条件下,黑薯皮中花青素的提取率为10.90%。研究还表明,影响黑薯皮中花青素提取率的因素顺序为:料液比>提取温度>酸化甲醇浓度>超声功率>超声时间。

匍枝马尾藻中砷的脱除工艺研究

研究以匍枝马尾藻为原材料,借助电感耦合等离子体质谱技术(ICP-MS)分析了其中总砷含量,并评估了藻体粒径大小、脱除剂、料液比、脱除温度和时间等因素对总砷脱除效果的影响。在此基础上,通过正交优化试验,得到脱砷的最佳工艺参数为:藻粉粒径0.1 cm,脱除剂为水,料液比1∶40(g/mL),脱除时间3 h,脱除温度45℃,匍枝马尾藻中总砷的脱除率为85.42%。此工艺简单易操作,能够脱除马尾藻中大部分砷,为降低海藻中有害元素砷提供了有效途径。

正交试验优选壮药龙路通颗粒提取工艺研究

目的:优选壮药龙路通颗粒提取工艺。方法:用高效液相色谱法测定三七皂苷R_(1),人参皂苷Rg_(1)和Rb_(1),并以出膏率、三七皂苷R_(1),人参皂苷Rg_(1)和Rb_(1)含量为评价指标。采用单因素法考察加水量、提取时间和提取次数,并通过正交试验优选壮药龙路通颗粒最佳提取工艺。结果:以三七皂苷R_(1),人参皂苷Rg_(1)和Rb_(1)的含量作为龙路通颗粒质控标准,测得龙路通颗粒中3种指标性成分的质量分数分别为三七皂苷R_(1)45.6~60.6 mg/g,人参皂苷Rg_(1)159.3~234.4 mg/g,和人参皂苷Rb_(1)143.8~246.0 mg/g;龙路通颗粒最佳提取工艺为加水煎煮提取3次,第一次加12倍量水,第二、三次分别加10倍量水,每次1.5 h。结论:优选的提取工艺合理可行,为壮药龙路通颗粒的生产及进一步开发提供了实验依据。

金荞麦胶囊中间体制备工艺的优选及质量控制

目的:优选金荞麦胶囊中间体的制备工艺以及质量控制。方法:以表儿茶素为实验指标,通过正交实验,围绕提取时间、回流时间、回流次数考察选取最佳工艺。结果:当溶剂为药材的6倍量,乙醇浓度为50%,回流为1 h为最佳制备工艺。结论:所建立的方法操作容易,结果准确可靠重现,可显著提高表儿茶素的提取,可用于金荞麦胶囊中间体的制备。