Objectives: To describe and analyze risk factors associatedwith disuse of condoms during commercial sexual intercourseamong clients attending sauna and massage centers. Methods: Selected female sex workers from saunas...Objectives: To describe and analyze risk factors associatedwith disuse of condoms during commercial sexual intercourseamong clients attending sauna and massage centers. Methods: Selected female sex workers from saunas andbeauty parlors were trained as interviewers. They surveyedclients during provision of sexual services. Informationcollected included customers' demographics, knowledge ofSTDs, rationale for and history of condom use. Risk factorsfor condom usage were assessed though logistical modeling.Results: A total of 50 clients were interviewed. The rates ofcondom usage for last sexual intercourse with commercial andnon-commercial partners were 57% and 53% for clients ofsauna centers and 30% and 40% for clients of beauty parlors,respectively. The choice to use a condom was influenced byclients 60.8% of the time, sex workers 30.4%, and otherfactors 8.8%. The choice against using a condom was decidedupon by clients 69.7% of the time, sex workers 9.1%, andother factors 21.2%. Multivariate analysis showed thateducational level and perception of risk of infection werefactors for condom use. Clients with a high school educationhad a higher condom use rate than those with a middle schooleducation or less. Furthermore, clients who perceived risk ofdisease used condoms more frequently than those who did not.Conclusions: Clients played a significant role in decidingwhether or not to use a condom during commercial sex. Lackof perception of risk is a major factor for not using condoms.A program for promotion of prophylactics targeting bothcommercial sex workers and their clients is recommended.展开更多
Anna Karenina and The Scarlet Letter are written by the Russian writer Leo Troels and USA novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne respectively.Both of them are masterpieces in the history of the world literature.The two masterpi...Anna Karenina and The Scarlet Letter are written by the Russian writer Leo Troels and USA novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne respectively.Both of them are masterpieces in the history of the world literature.The two masterpieces account for two different love stories happened in different background respectively.If you compare the heroine of the two classics- Anna Karenina's and Hester Prynne' s fate,we will find that the two have many similarities.They have a similar experience- they had to get married for getting married and then they fell in love again for seeking true love after they have married,finally they paid a heavy price for their extramarital love.However,Due to their different demands and understanding about love as well as different resistance form to protect their love,their ending is also quite different..This thesis mainly analyzes the causes of the fate of Anna and Hester respectively.This analysis is the combination of subjective and objective through social,life and spirit field,in order to achieve the dialectical unity both subjective and objective,the dialectical unity of personality and common.展开更多
基金This study was supported by China National Center for AIDS Prevention and Control and Peking Union School of Public Health.
文摘Objectives: To describe and analyze risk factors associatedwith disuse of condoms during commercial sexual intercourseamong clients attending sauna and massage centers. Methods: Selected female sex workers from saunas andbeauty parlors were trained as interviewers. They surveyedclients during provision of sexual services. Informationcollected included customers' demographics, knowledge ofSTDs, rationale for and history of condom use. Risk factorsfor condom usage were assessed though logistical modeling.Results: A total of 50 clients were interviewed. The rates ofcondom usage for last sexual intercourse with commercial andnon-commercial partners were 57% and 53% for clients ofsauna centers and 30% and 40% for clients of beauty parlors,respectively. The choice to use a condom was influenced byclients 60.8% of the time, sex workers 30.4%, and otherfactors 8.8%. The choice against using a condom was decidedupon by clients 69.7% of the time, sex workers 9.1%, andother factors 21.2%. Multivariate analysis showed thateducational level and perception of risk of infection werefactors for condom use. Clients with a high school educationhad a higher condom use rate than those with a middle schooleducation or less. Furthermore, clients who perceived risk ofdisease used condoms more frequently than those who did not.Conclusions: Clients played a significant role in decidingwhether or not to use a condom during commercial sex. Lackof perception of risk is a major factor for not using condoms.A program for promotion of prophylactics targeting bothcommercial sex workers and their clients is recommended.
文摘Anna Karenina and The Scarlet Letter are written by the Russian writer Leo Troels and USA novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne respectively.Both of them are masterpieces in the history of the world literature.The two masterpieces account for two different love stories happened in different background respectively.If you compare the heroine of the two classics- Anna Karenina's and Hester Prynne' s fate,we will find that the two have many similarities.They have a similar experience- they had to get married for getting married and then they fell in love again for seeking true love after they have married,finally they paid a heavy price for their extramarital love.However,Due to their different demands and understanding about love as well as different resistance form to protect their love,their ending is also quite different..This thesis mainly analyzes the causes of the fate of Anna and Hester respectively.This analysis is the combination of subjective and objective through social,life and spirit field,in order to achieve the dialectical unity both subjective and objective,the dialectical unity of personality and common.
