Plant viruses are a group of intracellular pathogens that persistently threaten global food security.Significant advances in plant virology have been achieved by Chinese scientists over the last 20 years,including bas...Plant viruses are a group of intracellular pathogens that persistently threaten global food security.Significant advances in plant virology have been achieved by Chinese scientists over the last 20 years,including basic research and technologies for preventing and controlling plant viral diseases.Here,we review these milestones and advances,including the identification of new crop-infecting viruses,dissection of pathogenic mechanisms of multiple viruses,examination of multilayered interactions among viruses,their host plants,and virus-transmitting arthropod vectors,and in-depth interrogation of plantencoded resistance and susceptibility determinants.Notably,various plant virus-based vectors have also been successfully developed for gene function studies and target gene expression in plants.We also recommend future plant virology studies in China.展开更多
The CREB-regulated transcriptional co-activators(CRTCs),including CRTC1,CRTC2 and CRTC3,enhance transcription of CREB-targeted genes.In addition to regulating host gene expression in response to cAMP,CRTCs also increa...The CREB-regulated transcriptional co-activators(CRTCs),including CRTC1,CRTC2 and CRTC3,enhance transcription of CREB-targeted genes.In addition to regulating host gene expression in response to cAMP,CRTCs also increase the infection of several viruses.While human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)long terminal repeat(LTR)promoter harbors a cAMP response element and activation of the cAMP pathway promotes HIV-1 transcription,it remains unknown whether CRTCs have any effect on HIV-1 transcription and HIV-1 infection.Here,we reported that CRTC2 expression was induced by HIV-1 infection,but CRTC2 suppressed HIV-1 infection and diminished viral RNA expression.Mechanistic studies revealed that CRTC2 inhibited transcription from HIV-1 LTR and diminished RNA PolⅡoccupancy at the LTR independent of its association with CREB.Importantly,CRTC2 inhibits the activation of latent HIV-1.Together,these data suggest that in response to HIV-1 infection,cells increase the expression of CRTC2 which inhibits HIV-1 gene expression and may play a role in driving HIV-1 into latency.展开更多
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China for financial support(31530062 and 32025031)。
文摘Plant viruses are a group of intracellular pathogens that persistently threaten global food security.Significant advances in plant virology have been achieved by Chinese scientists over the last 20 years,including basic research and technologies for preventing and controlling plant viral diseases.Here,we review these milestones and advances,including the identification of new crop-infecting viruses,dissection of pathogenic mechanisms of multiple viruses,examination of multilayered interactions among viruses,their host plants,and virus-transmitting arthropod vectors,and in-depth interrogation of plantencoded resistance and susceptibility determinants.Notably,various plant virus-based vectors have also been successfully developed for gene function studies and target gene expression in plants.We also recommend future plant virology studies in China.
基金We thank National Infrastructure of Microbial Resources(NIMR-2014-3)for providing valuable reagentsThis work was supported by the National Mega-Project for Infectious Disease(2018ZX10301408 SC)+4 种基金the National Key Research and Development program of China(2018YFE0107600 SC)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81903679 LM)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81772205 SC)Peking Union Medical College Youth Fund(332017075 LM)CAMS innovation fund for Medical Sciences(2018-I2M-3-004 SC).
文摘The CREB-regulated transcriptional co-activators(CRTCs),including CRTC1,CRTC2 and CRTC3,enhance transcription of CREB-targeted genes.In addition to regulating host gene expression in response to cAMP,CRTCs also increase the infection of several viruses.While human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)long terminal repeat(LTR)promoter harbors a cAMP response element and activation of the cAMP pathway promotes HIV-1 transcription,it remains unknown whether CRTCs have any effect on HIV-1 transcription and HIV-1 infection.Here,we reported that CRTC2 expression was induced by HIV-1 infection,but CRTC2 suppressed HIV-1 infection and diminished viral RNA expression.Mechanistic studies revealed that CRTC2 inhibited transcription from HIV-1 LTR and diminished RNA PolⅡoccupancy at the LTR independent of its association with CREB.Importantly,CRTC2 inhibits the activation of latent HIV-1.Together,these data suggest that in response to HIV-1 infection,cells increase the expression of CRTC2 which inhibits HIV-1 gene expression and may play a role in driving HIV-1 into latency.
