Distribution of pathogenic bacteria and antimicrobial sensitivity of eye infections in Suzhou

AIM:To investigate the types of bacteria in patients with eye infections in Suzhou and their drug resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs.METHODS:The clinical data of 155 patients were retrospectively collected in this study,and the pathogenic bacteria species and drug resistance of each pathogenic bacteria were analyzed.RESULTS:Among the 155 patients(age from 12 to 87 years old,with an average age of 57,99 males and 56 females)with eye infections(160 eyes:74 in the left eye,76 in the right eye and 5 in both eyes,all of which were exogenous),71(45.81%)strains were gram-positive bacteria,23(14.84%)strains were gram-negative bacteria and 61(39.35%)strains were fungi.Gram-positive bacteria were highly resistant to penicillin and erythromycin(78.87%and 46.48%respectively),but least resistant to vancomycin at 0.Gram-negative bacteria were highly resistant to cefoxitin and compound sulfamethoxazole(100%and 95.65%respectively),but least resistant to meropenem at 0.Comparison of the resistance of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to some drugs revealed statistically significant differences(P<0.05)in the resistance of both to cefoxitin,cotrimoxazole,levofloxacin,cefuroxime,ceftriaxone and ceftazidime,and both had higher rates of resistance to gram-negative bacteria than to gram-positive bacteria.The distribution of bacterial infection strains showed that Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most common strain in the conjunctiva,cornea,aqueous humor or vitreous body and other eye parts.Besides,Fusarium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were also among the most common strains of conjunctival and corneal infections.CONCLUSION:Gram-positive bacteria are the dominant bacteria in eye infections,followed by gram-negative bacteria and fungi.Considering the resistance of gramnegative bacteria to multiple drugs,monitoring of bacteria should be strengthened in eye bacterial infections for effective prevention and control to reduce complications caused by eye infections.

Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and its relationship with socio-demographics and hygienic habits among male primary schoolchildren in Al-Ahsa,Saudi Arabia

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of different intestinal parasitic infections among male primary schoolchildren in Al-Ahsa,Saudi Arabia,and to explore the possible relative socioeconomic, environmental and behavioural sanitary correlates.Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed.A total of 1 289 male students aged from 7 to 12 years were selected randomly from 20 urban and 12 rural primary schools by multistage sampling method. Data collection was carried out by self administered questionnaire form to the parents/guardians of students and included inquires about socio-demographics,environmental conditions,and behavioural sanitary habits.Stool analysis was carried out to examine the presence of intestinal parasitic infections.Results:Overall prevalence of parasitic infections was 27.2%,more among rural students.Frequently encountered infections included Entamoeba histolytica/dispar(8.2%), Giardia lamblia(6.5%),Entamoeba coli(4.0%) and Enterobius vermicularis(1.6%).Logistic regression revealed that lower maternal educational level and occupational status,low family income,big family size,poor personal hygienic practices and positive history of previous intestinal infections among family members increased the likelihood of infections.Conclusions: Although of low magnitude,intestinal parasitic infections still represent a public health concern among male schoolchildren in Al-Ahsa region.Socio-demographic and poor personal hygienic habits are the main predictors for these infections.

Status of intestinal parasitic infections among rural and urban populations, southwestern Iran

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections in the urban and rural areas of Shushtar County,southwest Iran.Methods: A total of 1 008 fecal samples were analyzed by direct smear examination,formalinether concentration,and Ziehl-Neelsen and trichrome staining; furthermore,PCR was used to distinguish Trichostrongylus and hookworm species based on 28 S rRNA gene.Results: Totally,16.0% cases tested positive,either with a pathogenic or a non-pathogenic parasite. Protozoa were detected in 14.0%,helminths in 1.0%,protozoa and helminth coinfections were detected in 0.3%,and co-infections of two protozoa were detected in 0.7% of cases. The most common protozoa and helminths were Giardia duodenalis(7.7%) and Trichostrongylus spp.(0.5%),respectively. Among five microscopy Trichostrongylus positive cases,Trichostrongylus culbriformis was successfully identified in three isolates by sequencing. In the rural areas,the prevalence of parasitic infection was higher(9.8%) than that in the urban areas(6.2%). A significant association was found between educational level,type of drinking water,animals contact,hand-washing,and clinical symptoms. Conclusions: This study indicates that intestinal parasitic infections remain as a public health priority in Shushtar County. It seems that drinking water and environmental sanitation are the main risk factors of parasitic infections in rural areas.

Intestinal parasitic infections in suburban government schools,Lak Hok subdistrict,Muang Pathum Thani,Thailand

Objective:To provide baseline information of parasitic infections in 3 suburban government schools,Lakhok subdistrict of Muang Pathum Thani,Thailand.Methods:This study was conducted between May-June 2010 using simple direct smear and modified formalin ether and from a population of 1253 in 3 suburban government schools.Results:Total samples of 202registered and participated.The average of prevalence of infection from 3 schools was 13.9%,there were 13.7%,14.3%and 13.9%in N,S and R school,respectively with no significant difference between schools(P>0.05).The infection rates did not show significant difference between gender(P>0.05).The highest rate of infection was 20.4%in Pathom 2(8 years)students and the lowest was4%in Pathom 1(7 years)with statistically difference between age groups(P<0.05).The highest prevalence of pathogenic protozoa was Giardia lamblin(G.lamblia)which was found in 50%of infected cases,followed by 25%of Entamoeba Inictolytica(E.histolytica)and Blastocystis hominis(B.hominis).The highest prevalence of non-pathogenic protozoa was Endnhmat nano(E.nana)which was found in 88.9%,followed by 11.1%of Entamoeba coli(E.coli).Mixed infections between Blastocwstis hominis(B.hominis)and Endolimax nana(E.nana)were reported at 7.1%.The only helminthic infection found in this study area was hookworm,found in 1 student(3.8%).The formalin ether concentration technique showed a higher efficacy of detection(78%-100%)than the simple direct smear method(0%-50%).Conclusions:Surveillance of protozoan infections may need to be focused on suburban areas.

Prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis and other intestinal parasitic infections among mentally retarded residents in central institution of southern Iran

Objective:To determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among mentally retarded residents of rehabilitation center of Bandar Abbas,Hormozgan province,southern Iran.Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out in central rehabilitation institute of Hormozgan province in summer 2010.Fecal samples of all 133 residents(72 males,61 females)aged 3-52,were collected in triplicate.Specimens were examined by direct smear,formalin-ether concentration techniques and stained by permanent Trichrome,Ziehl-Neelsen stains.Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS 13.5.Results:Intestinal parasitic infections were seen in 48.5%(64 out of 133 subjects:53.4%in males and 46.6%in females).Strongyloides stercoralis with17.3%showed the highest incidence followed by Entamoeba coli(9.8%),Blastocystis hominis(7.5%),Giardia lamblia(2.3%),Endolimax nana(2.3%),Hymenolepis nana(0.8%),Oxyuris vermicularis(0.8%),and Chilomasix mesnili(0.8%).Double infections were found to be as:Strongyloides stercoralis+Giardia lamblia(2.3%),Entamoeba coli+Giardia lamblia(1.5%),Entamoeba coli+Blastocystis hominis(1.5%),Oxyuris vermicularis+Entamoeba coli(0.8%),Strongyloides stercoralis+Entamoeba coli(0.8%),respectively.Conclusions:Our findings reveal that strongyloidiasis is a common disease among mentally retarded population in southern Iran.

Epidemiological assessment of intestinal parasitic infections in dogs at animal shelter in Veracruz,Mexico

Objective:To determine the prevalence of infection with intestinal parasites in 101 dogs in an animal shelter in Veracruz.Mexico,and investigate whether any general characteristics of the dogs were associated with infections.Methods:Parasitologiesl examination of fecal samples from the dogs was performed by means of centrifuge-flotation using Sheather's sucrose and zinc sulfate flotation media.In addition,hematocrit was determined in each canine blood sample.Results:Intestinal parasites were found in 99(98.0%) of the 101 dogs studied.About five different intestinal parasites were identified:Ancylostoma caninum in 89 dogs(88.1%).Giardia canis in 46(45.5%).Unciiuiria stenocephalia in 43(42.6%).Trichuris vulpis in 19(18.8%)and Strongyloides canis in 16(15.8%).Multivariate analysis showed:I) Giardia infection was associated with young age and mixed breed;2) Ancylostoma was associated with young age and no rabies vaccination:and 3) Strongyloides was associated with no rabies vaccination.Unciiuiria and Trichuris infections were not associated with the variables assessed.Conclusions:A high prevalence of intestinal parasites was found in the dogs studied.This suggests that the environment is highly contaminated with intestinal parasites.Preventive and therapeutic measures should be taken against infection with intestinal parasites in dogs in this region.

Intestinal parasitic infections and risk factors among Myanmar migrant workers in northeast Thailand

Objective:To determine the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infections in migrant workers in Nakhon Ratchasima Province,Northeast Thailand.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2017 to July 2018 in 600 Myanmar migrant workers.Questionnaires were employed for collecting the demographic data of participants.Stool samples were collected and examined using the formalinether concentration technique.Risk factors for intestinal parasitic infections were determined using multiple logistic regressions analyses.Results:The overall infection rate of intestinal parasitic infections was 27.67%(166/600).Among the intestinal helminthes observed,hookworm was most abundant(8.67%)followed by Trichuris trichiura(8.50%),Opisthorchis viverrini(4.17%),Ascaris lumbricoides(1.50%),Strogyloides stercoralis(1.17%)and Hymenolepis nana(0.5%).Meanwhile,Entamoeba coli was the most prevalent intestinal protozoa(4.33%,26/600)followed by Endolimax nana(1.33%),Entamoeba histolytica complex(1.17%),Blastocystis sp.(1.0%)and Giardia duodenalis(0.17%).The study found significant associations between gender and Strogyloides stercoralis infection(ORadj=5.61,95%CI=1.18–26.70,P=0.03),workers aged 30 years old were likely to have a lower risk of the T.trichiura infection(ORadj=0.45,95%CI=0.23–0.89).Moreover,the history of consuming raw or undercooked cyprinoid fish was a risk factor of Opisthorchis viverrini infection(ORadj=2.82,95%CI=1.22–6.49,P=0.015).Conclusions:There remains a high prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections among Myanmar migrant workers in the study area and therefore health screenings for all migrant workers in Thailand are required.

A feasibility study to determine if minimally trained medical students can identify markers of chronic parasitic infection using bedside ultrasound in rural Tanzania

BACKGROUND: Parasitic infections pose a significant health risk in developing nations and are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In the Republic of Tanzania, the CDC estimates that 51.5% of the population is infected with one or more intestinal parasites. If diagnosed early, the consequences of chronic parasitic infection can potentially be avoided.METHODS: Six first-year medical students were recruited to enroll patients in the study. They underwent ten hours of formal, hands-on, ultrasound which included basic cardiac, hepatobiliary, renal, pulmonary and FAST scan ultrasound. A World Health Organization protocol with published grading scales was adapted and used to assess for pathology in each patient's liver, bladder, kidneys, and spleen.RESULTS: A total of 59 patients were enrolled in the study. Students reported a sensitivity of 96% and specificity of 100% for the presence of a dome shaped bladder, a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for bladder thickening, a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for portal hypertension and ascites. The sensitivity was 81% with a specificity of 100% for presence of portal vein distention. The sensitivity was 100% with a specificity of 90% for dilated bowel.CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound has shown a promise at helping to identify pathology in rural communities with limited resources such as Tanzania. Our data suggest that minimally trained first year medical students are able to perform basic ultrasound scans that can identify ultrasonographic markers of parasitic infections.

Prevalence and Pattern of Intestinal Parasitic Infestations among HIV Infected Children in Lagos, Nigeria

Introduction: Intestinal parasitic infections significantly affect paediatric population globally with over 800 million children at risk. The chronic nature of these infestations is associated with chronic disabilities approaching 9 million Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). Co-infection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and intestinal parasitic infections adorned the pre-Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) era resulting in impaired nutritional state and dysfunctional immune system, especially amongst affected children. The success of HAART in conjunction with other life-saving measures has improved the outcome of children living with HIV. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of parasitic infections among children living with HIV in Lagos. Methodology: Consecutive children attending the paediatric anti-retroviral clinic were enrolled. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics elicited from the clinical examination were recorded. Fresh stool samples of the children were obtained and examined for intestinal parasites. Data were analyzed with the Statistics Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20 software. Results: A total of 102 children participated in the study with a majority being males (52.9%), in primary school (73.5%) and living in urban settings (82.4%). Six children were found to harbour intestinal parasites giving a prevalence of 5.9% with Ascaris lumbricoides (50%) and Entamoeba histolytica (33.3%) being the prevalent parasites seen. Children with a Body Mass Index (BMI) Z-score < ?1 had higher estimates of intestinal parasitic infestations [p value < 0.05, OR 10.27, CI 1.72 - 61.20]. Conclusion: The prevalence of intestinal infestation was 5.9% with Ascariasis being the commonest intestinal parasitosis in our study. Malnutrition was found to be significantly associated with its occurrence.

Breastfeeding and risk of parasitic infection-a review

Breastfeeding,as exclusive nutrition in the first six months of life,is a necessary nutritional requisite in infants.Except for very few maternal diseases that contraindicate breastfeeding,some of which still controversial,breastfeeding mothers must continue exclusive and sustained lactation to provide maximum overall benefits through breastfeeding.Parasitic infections is a global disease and children remain a significant proportion of the affected population.The complex and mandatory life cycles of some parasites,particularly the helminths may partly explain their geographical distribution.The world-wide prevalence of parasitic infections as well as the largely asymptomatic nature of most infections,make many of these infections to likely remain under-recognized.Breast milk,the prime infant nutrition must be recognized to be more than a rare vehicle of parasite transmission,but also a general and focused immune defensive tool against some important parasites.The possibility and influence of small quantities of parasite antigens in breast milk have not been adequately explored.It is believed that useful immunological responses both direct and indirect in breast milk that occur due to the presence of parasite antigens,must be further studied in the light of both immediate and long term benefits.Within this context,and prompted by a spectrum of existing uncertainties,researched and hypothetical roles of parasites and associated immunological responses in the lactating mammary gland are proposed and reviewed.

Evaluation of dry eye disease symptomatology and mental health status among patients with different COVID-19 statuses

AIM:To evaluate dry eye disease(DED)symptomatology and mental health status in different COVID-19 patients.METHODS:A cross-sectional observational design was used.Totally 123 eligible adults(46.34%of men,age range,18-59y)with COVID-19 included in the study from August to November,2022.Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI),Five-item Dry Eye Questionnaire(DEQ-5),Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(HADS),and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)were used in this study.RESULTS:OSDI scores were 6.82(1.25,15.91)in asymptomatic carriers,7.35(2.50,18.38)in mild cases,and 16.67(4.43,28.04)in recurrent cases,with 30.00%,35.56%,and 57.89%,respectively evaluated as having DED symptoms(χ2=7.049,P=0.029).DEQ-5 score varied from 2.00(0,6.00)in asymptomatic carriers,3.00(0,8.00)in mild cases,and 8.00(5.00,10.00)in recurrent cases,with 27.50%,33.33%,and 55.26%,respectively assessed as having DED symptoms(χ2=8.532,P=0.014).The prevalence of clinical anxiety(50.00%)and depression(47.37%)symptoms were also significantly higher in patients with recurrent infection(χ2=24.541,P<0.001;χ2=30.871,P<0.001).Recurrent infection was a risk factor for high OSDI scores[odds ratio,2.562;95%confidence interval(CI),1.631-7.979;P=0.033]and DEQ-5 scores(odds ratio,3.353;95%CI,1.038-8.834;P=0.043),whereas having a fixed occupation was a protective factor for OSDI scores(odds ratio,0.088;95%CI,0.022-0.360;P=0.001)and DEQ-5 scores(odds ratio,0.126;95%CI,0.039-0.405;P=0.001).CONCLUSION:Patients with recurrent COVID-19 have more severe symptoms of DED,anxiety,and depression.

Non-opportunistic intestinal parasitic infections among HIV-infected individuals at Wolaita Sodo Hospital, South Ethiopia

Objective:To determine the prevalence of non-opportunistic intestinal helminthic and protozoal infections among HIV-infected individuals and to determine socio-demographic determinants of intestinal parasitosis.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted on HIV-infected individuals attending antiretroviral therapy clinic of Wolaita Sodo Hospital.Stool in wet mount preparation and formalether concentration technique were used to diagnose intestinal parasitic infection.Sociodemographic variables were collected by using questionnaire.Chi-square test was used to test the associations between intestinal parasitosis and socio-demographic variables.Results:The overall prevalence of non-opportunistic intestinal parasitic infection was 32.4%out of which 11.0%was protozoal infection and 21.4%was helminthic infection.The most common intestinal parasite detected was Ascaris lumbricoides with 12.7%prevalence followed by Giardia lamblia with 7.5%prevalence.The prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis,hookworm species,Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar,Schistosoma mansoni and Taenia species was 2.9%,1.2%,3.5%,1.7%and 2.3%respectively.There was no significant difference in prevalence of intestinal parasite infection with regard to age,sex,residence area,job type and religion of participants but there was a significant association between the educational status and intestinal parasitic infection.The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infection was higher among illiterate participants.Conclusions:Ascaris lumbricoides was the most common intestinal parasite detected in HIV-infected individuals.Giardia lamblia was the most common protozoal parasite observed.Prevalence of intestinal helminthic infection was higher than protozoal infection.Intestinal parasitosis was significantly associated with an educational status of individuals.

Parasitic infections in the Mediterranean needlefish Tylosurus acus imperialis(Teleostei:Belonidae)off Tunisian coast

Objective:To provide a current survey of parasitic infections in the Mediterranean needlefish Tylosurus acus imperialis(T.acus imperialis).The impact of host’s size and sex on some characteristics of the infection was also examined.Methods:Between 2004 and 2009,126 specimens of T.acus imperialis were necropsied to study their parasites.Results:Fifteen species of metazoan parasites were collected including 3 monogeneans(Aspinatrium gallieni,Nudaciraxine imperium and Axinoides sp.),4 digeneans(Lecithostaphylus tylosuri,Tetrochetus coryphaenae,Oesophagotrema mediterranea and Sclerodistomoides pacificus),1 cestode(Ptychobothrium sp.),3 copepods(Lernanthropus tylosuri,Caligodes laciniatus and Caligus sp.),1 isopod(Irona nana),1 acanthocephalan(Rhadinorhynchus sp.),1 nematode(anisakid larvae)and 1 annelid(piscicolid).Cestoda Ptychobothrium sp.was the most frequent species(72%).Prevalence and abundance of infection with Ptychobothrium sp.and Rhadinorhynchus sp.were positively correlated with the total length of the host.Host’s sex did not seem to affect the infection parameters of parasites in T.acus imperialis.Conclusions:This study provides first information on parasitic infections in the Mediterranean needlefish T.acus imperialis off Tunisia.Parasites can be used to understand phylogeny,biology and ecology of fish host and also as bioindicators of water quality.

CD4^(+)T细胞相关细胞因子在人兽共患寄生虫感染中的作用研究进展

CD4^(+)T细胞亚群及其分泌的细胞因子在寄生虫感染过程中发挥着极其重要的调控作用,与寄生虫感染的发生、发展、预后密切相关。已知CD4^(+)T细胞亚群包括Th1细胞、Th2细胞、Treg细胞、Th17细胞、Th9细胞以及Tfh细胞等,机体的Th1/Th2、Th17/Treg细胞处于动态平衡,但在特异性抗原刺激下,这种动态平衡会被打破。目前可用来预防或治疗寄生虫病的疫苗和药物较少,主要原因是对寄生虫病致病机制的认识有限。研究表明,寄生虫感染导致宿主炎症以及刺激宿主细胞介导的免疫反应有关。论文主要阐述与CD4^(+)T细胞亚群相关细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-4、IL-10、IL-17、IL-9及IL-21在寄生虫感染中的作用,以期为探索和研究寄生虫病的发病机制及寄生虫在宿主体内的免疫逃逸机制提供参考。

马场马消化道寄生虫感染情况调查

试验旨在为马场饲养管理者制定驱虫方案提供理论参考。采用饱和盐水漂浮法和麦克马斯特氏法对吉林省3家马场136匹马的马粪样品进行寄生虫检测。结果表明,采集的136份马粪便样品中107份为阳性,消化道寄生虫总感染率为78.67%。其主要寄生虫种类为马圆线虫和马副蛔虫。马圆线虫感染率为70.58%(96/136),平均每克粪虫卵数(EPG)为166个。马副蛔虫感染率为26.47%(36/136),EPG为246个。部分马混合感染马圆线虫和马副蛔虫,混合感染率为21.32%(29/136)。马圆线虫在各个年龄段均有分布,其感染率和感染强度随着年龄增长呈下降趋势。马副蛔虫以感染幼龄马为主,且多数为马副蛔虫和圆线虫混合感染。另外,寄生虫感染率和感染强度在3个马场有明显差异,主要与饲养环境有关。说明吉林省马场马普遍感染肠道寄生虫,建议区域内马场加强马肠道寄生虫监测工作,每年春秋2次对马匹进行驱虫。

四川省甘孜州部分地区藏猪消化道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解四川省甘孜州部分地区藏猪消化道寄生虫感染情况,通过饱和盐水漂浮法结合形态学对采自该地区7个养殖场的176份藏猪新鲜粪便样品中的寄生虫虫卵和卵囊进行鉴定。结果显示,检测样品中猪蛔虫虫卵、猪毛尾线虫虫卵、食道口线虫虫卵以及猪囊等孢球虫卵囊的阳性率分别为42.04%(74/176)、25.57%(45/176)、5.11%(9/176)和43.18%(76/176),总感染率达75%(132/176);腹泻粪便样本寄生虫感染率80.88%(55/68),显著高于非腹泻粪便样本71.29%(77/108)(P<0.05);放牧藏猪寄生虫感染率85.06%(74/87),显著高于圈养藏猪65.17%(58/89)(P<0.05)。表明四川省甘孜州部分地区藏猪消化道寄生虫的感染较为严重,为该地区藏猪消化道寄生虫病的防控提供了依据。

云南省玉溪市羊肠道寄生虫感染情况调查及风险因素分析

[目的]对云南省玉溪市羊肠道寄生虫感染情况进行调查,并对感染风险因素进行分析,为该地区羊肠道寄生虫病的科学防控提供参考。[方法]从玉溪市9个县(区)88个养殖场(户)采集4个品种羊的1339份新鲜粪便样本,采用饱和盐水漂浮法进行虫卵筛查,应用形态学方法对虫卵进行种类鉴定;比较不同县(区)、不同品种羊肠道寄生虫感染阳性率差异;利用流行病学方法分析羊只年龄、性别以及海拔高度、气温差异与羊肠道寄生虫感染的关联程度。[结果]采集的羊新鲜粪便样本中寄生虫虫卵/卵囊总体阳性率为93.43%(1251/1339),其中,线虫卵阳性率为24.42%(327/1339),球虫卵囊阳性率为69.01%(924/1339),线虫卵/球虫卵囊混合感染阳性率为20.09%(269/1339),未检出吸虫卵。不同县(区)、不同品种羊肠道线虫卵、球虫卵囊及线虫卵/球虫卵囊混合感染阳性率有所差异。风险因素分析显示,羊只年龄、海拔高度、气温因素与羊肠道线虫卵、球虫卵囊、线虫卵/球虫卵囊混合感染均有中等程度关联,羊只性别因素与羊肠道线虫卵、球虫卵囊、线虫卵/球虫卵囊混合感染无关联。[结论]云南省玉溪市羊肠道寄生虫感染率较高,感染虫种主要是线虫和球虫,感染率存在地区和品种差异;羊只年龄以及海拔高度和气温差异是引起该地区羊肠道寄生虫病高发的风险因素。

温州地区犬猫肠道寄生虫感染情况调查

为了解温州地区犬猫肠道寄生虫的感染情况,采用直接涂片法、饱和盐水漂浮法、沉淀法对采自不同饲养场所的267份新鲜粪便进行检查。结果显示,有74份阳性样品,共检出7种寄生虫虫卵,以弓首蛔虫虫卵和钩虫虫卵为主。流浪犬猫、未驱虫犬猫的感染率明显高于宠物犬猫和驱虫犬猫,有弓首蛔虫、钩虫、复孔绦虫、曼氏迭宫绦虫、贾第虫5种人畜共患寄生虫被检出。流浪犬猫感染的寄生虫种类多,感染率高,且携带多种人兽共患寄生虫。研究表明,温州地区犬猫肠道寄生虫感染比较普遍且种类复杂,这为进一步了解温州地区犬猫寄生虫感染状况和人畜共患寄生虫病防控提供基础材料。

Ankylosing spondylitis coexisting with Clonorchis sinensis infection: A case report

BACKGROUND Ankylosing spondylitis(AS)is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease.The prevailing theory links AS onset to infections in susceptible individuals.Furthermore,infections may impair the immune responses.Numerous studies have investigated links between AS and various infections-bacterial,viral,fungal,and other microorganism infections.However,limited attention has been given to the association between AS and Clonorchis sinensis(C.sinensis)infection.CASE SUMMARY A 27-year-old male with a 10-yr history of AS presented to our hospital with inflammatory lower back pain as the primary manifestation.Ten years ago,the patient had achieved a stable condition after treatment with biological agents.However,he experienced a recurrence of lumbosacral pain with an unexplained cause 10 d before hospital admission.A lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scan revealed bone marrow edema in the left sacroiliac joint,and laboratory indicators were elevated.Moreover,the presence of C.sinensis eggs was detected in the stool.The patient was prescribed praziquantel,resulting in the disap-pearance of C.sinensis eggs in subsequent routine stool tests and relief from lumbosacral pain.A follow-up MRI scan performed after 4 months revealed a reduction in bone marrow edema around the left sacroiliac joint.CONCLUSION C.sinensis infections could potentially trigger the exacerbation of AS.Clinicians should pay attention to investigating the presence of infections.INTRODUCTION Ankylosing spondylitis(AS)is a chronic inflammatory and rheumatic disease resulting from an imbalance between innate and acquired immune responses[1].While it can affect any part of the spine,its primary symptoms are persistent back pain and stiffness in the lower back and pelvis.The prevalence of AS per 10000 individuals is 23.8 in Europe,31.9 in North America,16.7 in Asia,10.2 in Latin America,and 7.4 in Africa[2].Infections commonly occur in the first 3 months and may act as potential triggers for the first symptoms of AS,often manifesting as gastrointestinal,urinary tract,and respiratory infections of microbiological origin[3,4].Clonorchis sinensis(C.sinensis)infection is a severe parasitic disease affecting millions globally,especially prevalent in China,South Korea,the Far East of Russia,and Vietnam,with an estimated 15 million cases[5].Transmission occurs through the consumption of undercooked freshwater fish containing metacercariae.Adult C.sinensis parasites then establish themselves within the human hepatobiliary system[6].C.sinensis infection triggers the activation of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 2,leading to the injury and fibrosis of the hepatobiliary[7].Recent research in a rat model found that C.sinensis infection increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma by stimulating hepatic progenitor cell proliferation[8].Complications of C.sinensis infection include cholestasis,cholangitis,biliary system fibrosis,and in severe cases,the development of cholangiocarcinoma[9].Consequently,the primary preventive measure is to abstain from consuming raw or undercooked freshwater fish.Praziquantel is the recommended and effective treatment for this infection[10].While there is existing literature on the coexistence of AS and parasitic infections,there is limited research specifically addressing the simultaneous presence of AS and C.sinensis infection.This case report details a rare scenario of AS coexisting with C.sinensis infection,underscoring the potential impact of C.sinensis infection on AS disease activity.

新疆阿拉尔市就诊猫肠道寄生虫感染的调查

目的:为了解新疆阿拉尔市就诊猫肠道寄生虫感染情况。方法:该试验收集新疆阿克苏地区阿拉尔市就诊猫自然排便的粪便样本68份,进行编号,并询问主人猫的情况(比如年龄、体重、疫苗接种情况、驱虫情况)再详细记录,采用直接涂片法、饱和食盐水浮聚法和饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法检查粪便中虫卵和卵囊。结果:就诊猫中肠道寄生虫感染为阴性的样本有42份,阳性有26份,其中肠道寄生虫3种,分别为猫弓首蛔虫、狮弓蛔虫和猫等孢球虫,感染率分别为22.06%、10.30%和5.88%。结论:新疆阿拉尔市就诊猫存在肠道寄生虫感染,感染情况较严重,其主要感染虫种为猫弓首蛔虫。