F Wave Study in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis： Assessmen of Segmental Motoneuronal Dysfunction

Background： Dysfunctional spinal circuit may play a role in the pathophysiology ofarnyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS）. The purpose of this study was to use F waves for assessment of segmental motoneuronal excitability following upper motor neuron （UMN） dysfunctions in ALS. Meihods： We studied the F waves of 152 ulnar nerves recorded fi＇om abductor digiti minimi in 82 patients with ALS. Two groups of hands were defined based on the presence or absence of pyramidal signs in the same upper limb. The group with pyramidal signs in tile upper limbs was designated as the P group, and the group without pyramidal signs in the upper limbs was designated as the NP group. Results： The mean （P 〈 0.001）, median （P 〈 0.001） and maximum （P = 0.035） F wave amplitudes, mean （P 〈 0.001 ）, median （P 〈 0.001） and maximum （P - 0.003） F/M amplitude ratio, index repeating neuron （P 〈 0.001 ） and index repeater F waves （P 〈 0.001 ） of the P group were significantly increased compared with the NP group. No significant differences were identified for F wave chronodispersion （P= 0.628）, mean F wave latency （P 0.151 ）, minimum F wave latency （P = 0.211 ）, maximum F wave latency （13 = 0. 199）. F wave persistence （P = 0.738）. F wave duration （P = 0. 152）, F wave conduction velocity （P = 0.813） and number of giant F waves （P = 0.072） between the two groups. Conclusions＂ In this study, increased F wave amplitude, F/M amplitude ratio and number of repeater F waves reflected enhanced segmental lnotoneuronal excitability following UMN dysfunctions in ALS.

Importance of Sample Size for the Estimation of Repeater F Waves in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Background：In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis （ALS）,repeater F waves are increased.Accurate assessment of repeater F waves requires an adequate sample size.Methods：We studied the F waves of left ulnar nerves in ALS patients.Based on the presence or absence of pyramidal signs in the left upper limb,the ALS patients were divided into two groups：One group with pyramidal signs designated as P group and the other without pyramidal signs designated as NP group.The Index repeating neurons （RN） and Index repeater F waves （Freps） were compared among the P,NP and control groups following 20 and 100 stimuli respectively.For each group,the Index RN and Index Freps obtained from 20 and 100 stimuli were compared.Results：In the P group,the Index RN （P =0.004） and Index Freps （P =0.001） obtained from 100 stimuli were significantly higher than from 20 stimuli.For F waves obtained from 20 stimuli,no significant differences were identified between the P and NP groups for Index RN （P =0.052） and Index Freps （P =0.079）; The Index RN （P ＜ 0.001） and Index Freps （P ＜ 0.001） of the P group were significantly higher than the control group; The Index RN （P =0.002） of the NP group was significantly higher than the control group.For F waves obtained from 100 stimuli,the Index RN （P ＜ 0.001） and Index Freps （P ＜ 0.001） of the P group were significantly higher than the NP group; The Index RN （P ＜ 0.001） and Index Freps （P ＜ 0.001） of the P and NP groups were significantly higher than the control group.Conclusions：Increased repeater F waves reflect increased excitability of motor neuron pool and indicate upper motor neuron dysfunction in ALS.For an accurate evaluation of repeater F waves in ALS patients especially those with moderate to severe muscle atrophy,100 stimuli would be required.

利用F-Exp方法求(3+1)维Boussinesq方程的精确解研究

利用F-Exp方法,获得(3+1)维Boussinesq方程的孤立波解,并运用Maple软件获得几种典型解的波形图。该方法还可以应用到其他非线性发展方程的求解中。

Air Gap Prediction for Floating Bodies Using a 3D Numerical Wave Tank Approach

Computations for air gap response of a semisubmersible platform based on a 3D numerical wave tank approach are presented.The developed method is in time domain and can consider nonlinearities associated with incident wave and hydrostatic forces exactly in determining the body response, but the interaction hydrodynamics of radiation and diffraction are based on simplified linearization assumptions. The incident wave can be defined by any suitable wave theory and here defined by a fully nonlinear numerical wave model. After verifying the present computations results in its degenerated linearized version against the usual linear 3D Green function–based frequency-domain results for air gap predictions, systematic comparative studies are undertaken between linear and the approximate nonlinear solutions. It is found that nonlinear computations can yield considerably conservative predictions as compared to fully linear calculations, amounting to a difference of up to 30%–40% in the minimum air gap in steep ambient incident waves at high and moderate frequencies.

Characteristics of Soliton with Dynamic Constraints on its Existence/Propagation in Tropical Easterly Wave

The study concerns the propagation of easterly wave (EW) at tropics as west-moving soliton more steady both in ionn and velocity as evidenced in the dynamic framework.Under the impact of different circulation patterns over the regions of western Pacific trade wind,South-Asia monsoon and their transition,such a soliton becomes tapering off during its westward movement and degrading to a common dispersive wave on the whole,followed by dismtegra-non when striking the South-China Sea monsoon segment,thereby indicating that the sea sector is inaccessible to the soliton When no monsoon trough is present over the South Asian monsoon area around 30癗 or the monsoon depression ]S shallow,it is likely to have west-travelling soliton,which suggests the incursion of the EW into the South-Asian monsoon region.

Needle Electromyography, F-Wave, and H-Reflex: A Critical Reappraisal of Their Utility in the Diagnosis of Various Sensory Symptoms in the Extremities and Spine in the Setting of Normal Neurological Examination

Objective: Health care providers refer their patients to electromyography (EMG) laboratories for the evaluation of various sensory symptoms in the extremities and spine. The procedure is usually performed in conjunction with transcutaneous electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves and elicitation of the F-wave and H-reflex. The present study aimed to determine the real value of these procedures in the diagnosis of sensory symptoms in the setting of a normal neurologic examination. Method: The EMG reports and clinical histories of 100 patients, including 10 patients evaluated by other electromyographers, were reviewed. The study was focused on those with normal neurological examinations and those without histories of ongoing medical disorders and major surgeries to the extremities and spine. Results: All EMGs, F-wave, and H-reflex reports reviewed were normal, including those obtained from the second procedure performed in some patients and of those who subsequently underwent spinal surgery. Neurologic examination in all patients was normal. Conclusion: Needle EMG, F-wave and H-Reflex examinations are predictably normal in patients with non-dermatomal, non-neuropathic sensory symptoms with normal neurologic examination and without history of preexisting medical and surgical disorders. A good neurologic examination should determine the need to perform these procedures. Our findings have important diagnostic, therapeutic, prognostic, economic and legal implications.

Scattering of Scalar Wave by Extended Black Hole in f(R) Gravity

We analyze the Sehrodinger-type scalar wave equation of an extended black hole in f（R） gravity, and numerically investigate its absorption/scattering cross sections using the partial wave method. It is found that the dimension of length a makes the peak value of the effective scattering potential fall down, and the absorption cross section oscillates around the geometric optical value in the high frequency regime. We can also see that the scattering flux becomes stronger and its angle width becomes narrower in the forward direction, the glory peak becomes lower and the glory width becomes narrower along the backward direction when the coupling parameter α increases.

THE WAVELET TRANSFORM BASED PROCESSING MEANS FOR 1/f NOISE IN MILLIMETER WAVE FOCAL PLANE ARRAY

After briefly introducing the characteristics of 1/f noise in millimeter wave focalplane array detectors, the paper analyses the relation of wavelet transform and 1/f noise in detail, suggests the fashion of decorrelating 1/f noise using the wavelet transform and deduces the relative expressions. The results of computer simulation show good effectiveness.

基于HCOPAR雷达的中国低纬F层V型散射回波研究

基于中国子午工程在海南富克台站获取的甚高频相干散射雷达数据,对低纬度地区电离层F层的场向不均匀体特性进行了细致探究。在此过程中,识别出一种罕见的V型结构不均匀体,进一步绘制后向扇形图,结合测高仪数据分析其时频特性。将分析结果与相应时段的气辉图像进行比对,结果显示这种V型结构不均匀体是由于重力波对电离层背景电场的调制,导致其动力学状态的改变所致。

Some New Nonlinear Wave Solutions for a Higher-Dimensional Shallow Water Wave Equation

In this manuscript, we first perform a complete Lie symmetry classification for a higher-dimensional shallow water wave equation and then construct the corresponding reduced equations with the obtained Lie symmetries. Moreover, with the extended F-expansion method, we obtain several new nonlinear wave solutions involving differentiable arbitrary functions, expressed by Jacobi elliptic function, Weierstrass elliptic function, hyperbolic function and trigonometric function.

一种有效的适合F-J方法从背景噪声资料中提取多阶频散曲线的台阵划分方法

近年发展起来的从地震背景噪声提取多阶频散曲线的F-J方法是一种台阵分析方法,对某一特定的研究区域内台阵的划分方式直接影响成像的效果.当研究区域地下结构较简单,且台站间距比较均匀时,可以使用简单的平移式移动阵列法;然而若研究区域地下结构复杂多变,尤其是台站间距疏密不均时,就需要根据具体的地域特征灵活划分台阵.本文介绍了一种适用于地下结构复杂及台站间距不均匀区域的台阵划分方法,具有一定的普适性.我们将其应用于美国阿拉斯加及加拿大西北部,验证了相比于简单的沿经纬度移动阵列,我们的分区方法确实大大提高了结果的分辨率,为后续反演研究区域三维速度结构提供了坚实的保障.

神经传导、F波及皮肤交感反应联合检测对糖尿病周围神经病变早期诊断的价值

目的采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)探讨神经传导检测(NCS)、F波及皮肤交感反应(SSR)联合检测对早期糖尿病周围神经病变的诊断价值。方法对78例糖尿病周围神经病(diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN)患者(观察组)和81例单纯糖尿病患者(对照组)进行常规神经传导检测及正中神经和胫后神经F波检测和SSR检测,对单独检测和联合检测的异常率进行比较,并采用ROC曲线分析NCS、F波及SSR联合检测的诊断效能。结果观察组NCS检查总异常率为91.36%。观察组F波总异常率为80.25%。NCS、F波及SSR的联合检验灵敏度与特异度分别为89.41%、86.33%。观察组与对照组相比,患者双侧胫后神经、腓总神经远端动作潜伏期(DML)明显延长,复合肌肉动作电位(CMAP)波幅显著降低(均P<0.05)。观察组与对照组F波检测相比,正中神经、胫后神经Fimin及Fimean延长,F波出现率降低,Fchd增加(均P<0.05)。观察组,上、下肢皮肤交感反应(SSR)起始潜伏期较对照组明显延长(均P<0.05),SSR波幅较对照组明显下降(P<0.05)。结论NCS检测是诊断DPN患者的基本手段,将其与F波及SSR联用,是早期诊断糖尿病自主神经病变的敏感手段,能明显提高亚临床型DPN患者的早期检出率。

91例肌萎缩侧索硬化症的F波和神经传导研究

目的 探讨肌萎缩侧索硬化症(ALS)F波和神经传导改变的特点。方法 所有患者均采用常规方法测定感觉神经传导速度(SCV)、运动末端潜伏期(distal motor latency,DML)和F波,后者的测定包括潜伏期和/或传导速度及出现率。分析了DML和复合肌肉动作电位(compound muscle action potential,CMAP)波幅、F波出现率与肌力的关系。结果 在91例ALS患者中,仅有3例SCV异常;正中神经、尺神经及胫后神经DML延长者分别占16.7％、13.8％、7.1％,CMAP波幅下降者分别占50.0％、44.6％、28.6％;5.0％患者F波传导速度异常,48例患者F波出现率下降,其中19例出现率为0。肌力下降者DML、CMAP波幅及F波出现率改变明显。结论 ALS患者可出现DML延长和CMAP波幅降低,二者比较后者的改变更显著;F波传导速度相对正常而出现率下降明显;DML、CMAP波幅及F波出现率的异常与肌力明显相关(P均<0.01)。

脑卒中恢复期患者偏瘫上肢治疗后肌电F波变化

目的探究脑卒中恢复期患者偏瘫上肢在康复治疗过程中正中神经F波参数变化规律。方法选择脑卒中偏瘫患者30例,所有患者接受为期4周的常规康复治疗,分别于治疗前及治疗4周后对其上肢正中神经行F波参数检测,同时采用改良Ashworth量表评定患侧上肢的痉挛程度,采用上肢Fugl-Meyer量表评估偏瘫侧上肢运动功能。结果治疗前患侧上肢的F波波幅、出现率均低于健侧肢体和正常组,阈值高于健侧及正常组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后患侧肢体F波波幅、出现率均较治疗前明显上升,阈值下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。改良Ashworth评分和F波波幅、出现率、阈值等参数有相关性(P<0.05)。结论改良Ashworth评分和F波参数存在相关性,两者可结合用于临床上肢功能障碍的评估。

面神经F波对周围性面神经炎的早期诊断意义

目的探讨面神经F波对于周围性面神经炎的早期诊断意义。方法应用肌电图诱发电位检查仪对53例早期(3d内)周围性面神经炎的患者分别检测健侧和患侧面神经F波。结果其中37例严重病变患者患侧面神经F波消失,健侧面神经F波存在。16例轻至中度病变患者患侧面神经F波存在,但患侧面神经F波的平均潜伏期、潜伏期最小值及潜伏期最大值和健侧相比明显延长,患侧F波出现率和健侧相比明显减少。所有53例患者的统计结果表明F波健侧与患侧的差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.0001),健侧明显高于患侧。结论面神经F波作为一种能准确评价面神经颅内段功能的简单、敏感的客观方法,为一种早期诊断周围性面神经瘫痪的客观指标,将在面神经疾病的早期诊断中发挥作用。

标准化F波潜伏期对糖尿病周围神经病的诊断价值

目的探讨标准化F波潜伏期在糖尿病周围神经病(DPN)中的诊断价值。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,收集神经传导检查正常的DPN患者48例,另选择年龄和性别匹配的健康自愿者48名为对照组。采用肌电图诱发电位仪检测两组正中神经、尺神经、胫神经及腓总神经F波最短潜伏期(FLmin)、F波平均潜伏期(FLmean)、F波潜伏最长期(FLmax),并结合臂长和腿长计算标准化FLmin、标准化FLmean、标准化FLmax。比较两组间F波潜伏期及标准化F波潜伏期的差异,采用ROC曲线分析不同F波潜伏期在DPN中的诊断价值。结果除尺神经身高标准化FLmax外,DPN组4条神经的肢长和身高标准化F波潜伏期均较对照组延长(P<0.01或P<0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,除尺神经常规F波潜伏期及身高标准化FLmean和FLmax外,4条神经常规F波潜伏期、身高标准化F波潜伏期及肢长标准化F波潜伏期对DPN均有诊断价值,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)为0.631~0.995(P<0.05),其中正中神经、尺神经、胫神经和腓总神经的肢长标准化FLmin的诊断价值最高,其AUC分别为0.995、0.934、0.940、0.969(均P<0.01)。结论针对神经传导检查正常的DPN患者,标准化F波潜伏期优于常规F波潜伏期,其中肢长标准化F波潜伏期的诊断价值优于身高标准化F波潜伏期。标准化F波潜伏期可作为临床诊断DPN的一个参考指标。

采用F波检测头针配合面肌训练治疗顽固性面瘫的临床研究

目的采用F波(F-wave)检测,观察头针配合面肌训练治疗顽固性面瘫的临床疗效。方法将60例顽固性面瘫患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。治疗组采用头针配合面肌训练治疗,对照组采用常规针刺治疗。比较两组治疗前后F波潜伏期和时程。结果对照组治疗后F波平均潜伏期与同组治疗前比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。治疗组治疗后F波平均潜伏期及平均时程与同组治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。治疗组治疗后F波平均潜伏期及平均时程与对照组比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论头针配合面肌训练可缩短顽固性面瘫患者F波潜伏期,延长F波时程,促进运动神经纤维的修复。

脑卒中患者双上肢F波的变化及其评价肢体痉挛的可靠性

目的观察脑卒中患者双上肢正中神经F波的变化特征及其与患侧上肢肌张力的关系,探讨F波在脑卒中患者上肢痉挛评价中的应用价值。方法选取2014-7—2015-7作者医院神经内科收治的脑卒中患者40例(脑卒中组),其中男24例、女16例;选取30名健康者作为正常对照组,其中男18名,女12名。应用丹麦丹迪公司生产的Keypoint.net肌电/诱发电位仪进行F波测定,对脑卒中组患者患侧、健侧及正常对照组F波的潜伏期、出现率、传导速度、波幅及面积进行比较。对脑卒中组患侧上肢进行改良Ashworth评分(MAS),并与F波部分参数进行Spearman相关性分析。结果 (1)脑卒中组患侧、健侧与正常对照组间F波潜伏期、传导速度、波幅及面积比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),F波出现率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);(2)脑卒中组患侧F波传导速度较健侧减慢(P<0.01),波幅增高(P<0.01),面积增大(P<0.01),而F波潜伏期与出现率变化无统计学差异(P>0.05);(3)脑卒中患者患侧潜伏期较正常对照组延长(P<0.01),传导速度减慢(P<0.01),而健侧潜伏期及传导速度与正常对照组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);(4)脑卒中患者患侧F波波幅与腕及四指MAS评分均呈正相关(r=0.906,P<0.01;r=0.685,P<0.01),F波面积与腕及四指MAS评分均呈正相关(r=0.917,P<0.01;r=0.669,P<0.01),F波传导速度与四指MAS评分呈负相关(r=-0.524,P<0.05)。结论脑卒中患者患侧上肢F波波幅及面积分别与MAS评分存在正相关,F波传导速度与四指MAS评分存在负相关,F波的传导速度、波幅及面积可作为脑卒中患者上肢痉挛程度评价客观的电生理指标。

脊髓损伤患者F波时间离散度的研究

目的:探讨F波的时间离散度(F-CD)在脊髓损伤(SCI)患者中的应用价值。方法:比较F波的潜伏期及F-CD在29例正常对照组以及不同损伤程度的29例SCI患者之间的差异;评价SCI患者痉挛程度与F波的潜伏期及F-CD之间的相关性。结果:SCI患者的F-CD值为9.2±1.9ms;正常人的F-CD值为6.7±1.0ms;两者之间差异有显著性(P<0.0001)。F-CD值在完全性SCI(损伤程度A)的患者中偏大(10.8±1.7ms),且与其它损伤程度的患者相比差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);F-CD值在损伤程度为B、C和D的3组患者之间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。SCI患者痉挛Ashworth评分与F-CD之间的呈线性正相关(r=0.79031,P<0.0001)。F波的最小潜伏期在SCI患者和正常人之间的差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);SCI患者F波最小潜伏期与Ashworth评分之间无明显相关性(r=0.08168,P>0.05)。结论:F-CD可以作为SCI患者电生理评价的一个敏感性指标,用于评价SCI后的痉挛以及为完全性SCI患者提供客观的神经电生理依据。

F-K域三层对称模型洛夫型导波频散分析

导波(分瑞利型和洛夫型2种)在波导层中传播时,其能量持续时间长,而且传播过程中携带着波导层的结构信息。基于多道分析的F-K方法(频率波数域二维傅立叶变换),分析研究了3层对称模型中的洛夫型导波的频散特性,计算了理论频散曲线,并据此合成了特定频率的导波记录。通过对合成记录的F-K域分析,获得了理论模型的速度参数。从分析结果来看,速度参数与理论合成参数相一致,说明F-K方法可作为导波的频散分析。