Shaw's method used to correlate 40 sections across the Permo-Triassic boundary in South China is applied in the paper. Two steps are adopted to get an Integral Composite Section (ICS) by synthesizing these data : ...Shaw's method used to correlate 40 sections across the Permo-Triassic boundary in South China is applied in the paper. Two steps are adopted to get an Integral Composite Section (ICS) by synthesizing these data : First , South China is divided into five areas and composite section developed for each area . Then the second step . the Changxing composite section is regarded as a composite standard (CSRS) while the ICS is produced by matching the CSRS with composite sections of the other areas. Three biozones in the Changxingian and two biozones in the Griesbachian can be discerned on the basis of computing Z values in the ICS. These biozones are marked by the Z values which quantitatively represent their time ranges ; therefore , they may increase accuracy of stratigraphic time correlation . The mass extinction at the end of the Permian is an abrupt event that is supported by the relative rate of extinction near the P/T boundary . About 90% of invertebrate species died out by the end of the Permian . The duration of the mass extinction is rather short ,approximately 0.018Ma .展开更多
In this study,a method was presented to accurately obtain the extinction characteristics of the non-spherical biological particle aggregates.Based on the multi-sphere particle model of non-spherical particles,a random...In this study,a method was presented to accurately obtain the extinction characteristics of the non-spherical biological particle aggregates.Based on the multi-sphere particle model of non-spherical particles,a randomly oriented aggregation model was firstly built to construct the aggregates.The discrete-dipole approximation method was used to calculate the extinction characteristics of aggregates in the 3–14 μm waveband.The average mass extinction coefficients of three materials are 0.802 m~2/g,0.907 m~2/g,and 0.866 m~2/g in the 3–5 μm waveband and 0.590 m~2/g,0.402 m~2/g,and 0.523 m~2/g in the8–14 μm band,respectively.Smoke chamber experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical analyses.展开更多
豫西济源地区下三叠统和尚沟组和中三叠统二马营组均为陆相河湖相沉积,本研究在和尚沟组和上覆二马营组中下段分别识别出遗迹化石5属6种和7属9种,这些化石材料成为探究大灭绝事件后陆地造迹生物复苏的良好材料。运用遗迹网络分析方法构...豫西济源地区下三叠统和尚沟组和中三叠统二马营组均为陆相河湖相沉积,本研究在和尚沟组和上覆二马营组中下段分别识别出遗迹化石5属6种和7属9种,这些化石材料成为探究大灭绝事件后陆地造迹生物复苏的良好材料。运用遗迹网络分析方法构建了和尚沟组和二马营组中下段遗迹网络,相关参数显示自早三叠世和尚沟组沉积期至中三叠世二马营组中下段沉积期,遗迹网络节点增加,平均度、平均加权度和图密度有所降低,网络直径、平均聚类系数和平均路径长度呈明显增加趋势,遗迹网络复杂化以及造迹生物对恶劣环境适应性的增强,这些可能是二叠纪—三叠纪之交灭绝事件(Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction,PTME)后生物复苏的潜在标志。推测PTME后华北地区生物复苏和生态恢复可能遵循着类似的模式,但后续研究仍需陆相实体化石证据的佐证与补充。展开更多
After mass extinctions, most areas became “ecologically barren areas” lacking or even without ecosystem over an extensive region. Studying the pioneer organisms and the reconstruction process of a new ecosystem in t...After mass extinctions, most areas became “ecologically barren areas” lacking or even without ecosystem over an extensive region. Studying the pioneer organisms and the reconstruction process of a new ecosystem in the “ecologically barren area” is very important for revealing the evo- lution after bio-mass extinctions. In the Dushan region, Guizhou Province, China, the trace fossils appeared and flourished evidently earlier than body fossils after Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) mass extinction. The pioneer organisms and pathfinders in the “ecologically barren areas” are the trace-makers that are deposit-feeders with relatively simple structure and conformation on or near the deposit surface. The trace-makers have undergone an evolutionary process that their trace structures changed from simple to complex, and their living and moving areas and spaces enlarged from linear to planar and then to three-dimension spaces. Those characters show that the ability of the trace-makers to deposits and their efficiency of looking for food have been enhanced gradually and that those trace-makers constructed gradually a base for the new ecosystem. This process is similar to that of the trace fossils near the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary. In the Dushan area, only the recovery intervals have been identified for the Famennian body fossils, with no eminent radiation interval recognizable due to the Devonian-Carboniferous (C-D) mass ex- tinction. However, both the recovery and radiation intervals may be clearly recognized in the Famen- nian trace fossils based on their conformation and diversity. The evolution and diversification of the trace fossils in the “ecologically barren area” is considered to have played a role of necessary foun- dation for the recovery of body fossils in the ecological chain. With the gradual disappearance of the unfavourable environment factors resulting in the F-F mass extinction, a new ecosystem was reconstructed in the “ecologically barren area” through a three-step process from the “original ecosystem” to “elementary ecosystem” and finally to the “developed eco- system”. The establishment of the new ecosystem has laid a foundation for the recovery of the body fossils thereafter.展开更多
文摘Shaw's method used to correlate 40 sections across the Permo-Triassic boundary in South China is applied in the paper. Two steps are adopted to get an Integral Composite Section (ICS) by synthesizing these data : First , South China is divided into five areas and composite section developed for each area . Then the second step . the Changxing composite section is regarded as a composite standard (CSRS) while the ICS is produced by matching the CSRS with composite sections of the other areas. Three biozones in the Changxingian and two biozones in the Griesbachian can be discerned on the basis of computing Z values in the ICS. These biozones are marked by the Z values which quantitatively represent their time ranges ; therefore , they may increase accuracy of stratigraphic time correlation . The mass extinction at the end of the Permian is an abrupt event that is supported by the relative rate of extinction near the P/T boundary . About 90% of invertebrate species died out by the end of the Permian . The duration of the mass extinction is rather short ,approximately 0.018Ma .
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.62075241)the Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory Foundation of Anhui Province of China (No.20191003)。
文摘In this study,a method was presented to accurately obtain the extinction characteristics of the non-spherical biological particle aggregates.Based on the multi-sphere particle model of non-spherical particles,a randomly oriented aggregation model was firstly built to construct the aggregates.The discrete-dipole approximation method was used to calculate the extinction characteristics of aggregates in the 3–14 μm waveband.The average mass extinction coefficients of three materials are 0.802 m~2/g,0.907 m~2/g,and 0.866 m~2/g in the 3–5 μm waveband and 0.590 m~2/g,0.402 m~2/g,and 0.523 m~2/g in the8–14 μm band,respectively.Smoke chamber experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical analyses.
文摘豫西济源地区下三叠统和尚沟组和中三叠统二马营组均为陆相河湖相沉积,本研究在和尚沟组和上覆二马营组中下段分别识别出遗迹化石5属6种和7属9种,这些化石材料成为探究大灭绝事件后陆地造迹生物复苏的良好材料。运用遗迹网络分析方法构建了和尚沟组和二马营组中下段遗迹网络,相关参数显示自早三叠世和尚沟组沉积期至中三叠世二马营组中下段沉积期,遗迹网络节点增加,平均度、平均加权度和图密度有所降低,网络直径、平均聚类系数和平均路径长度呈明显增加趋势,遗迹网络复杂化以及造迹生物对恶劣环境适应性的增强,这些可能是二叠纪—三叠纪之交灭绝事件(Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction,PTME)后生物复苏的潜在标志。推测PTME后华北地区生物复苏和生态恢复可能遵循着类似的模式,但后续研究仍需陆相实体化石证据的佐证与补充。
基金supported by the National Natural Science F oundation of China(Grant No.40172014)the Guizhou University Foundation.
文摘After mass extinctions, most areas became “ecologically barren areas” lacking or even without ecosystem over an extensive region. Studying the pioneer organisms and the reconstruction process of a new ecosystem in the “ecologically barren area” is very important for revealing the evo- lution after bio-mass extinctions. In the Dushan region, Guizhou Province, China, the trace fossils appeared and flourished evidently earlier than body fossils after Frasnian-Famennian (F-F) mass extinction. The pioneer organisms and pathfinders in the “ecologically barren areas” are the trace-makers that are deposit-feeders with relatively simple structure and conformation on or near the deposit surface. The trace-makers have undergone an evolutionary process that their trace structures changed from simple to complex, and their living and moving areas and spaces enlarged from linear to planar and then to three-dimension spaces. Those characters show that the ability of the trace-makers to deposits and their efficiency of looking for food have been enhanced gradually and that those trace-makers constructed gradually a base for the new ecosystem. This process is similar to that of the trace fossils near the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary. In the Dushan area, only the recovery intervals have been identified for the Famennian body fossils, with no eminent radiation interval recognizable due to the Devonian-Carboniferous (C-D) mass ex- tinction. However, both the recovery and radiation intervals may be clearly recognized in the Famen- nian trace fossils based on their conformation and diversity. The evolution and diversification of the trace fossils in the “ecologically barren area” is considered to have played a role of necessary foun- dation for the recovery of body fossils in the ecological chain. With the gradual disappearance of the unfavourable environment factors resulting in the F-F mass extinction, a new ecosystem was reconstructed in the “ecologically barren area” through a three-step process from the “original ecosystem” to “elementary ecosystem” and finally to the “developed eco- system”. The establishment of the new ecosystem has laid a foundation for the recovery of the body fossils thereafter.
