Alternation in F-wave parameters of median nerve from unaffected extremity in stroke patients with hemiplegia under dynamic state

BACKGROUND: For many years, the extremities of stroke patients are divided into affected side and unaffected side according to clinical symptoms and body signs. Moreover, previous rehabilitation function training is developed simply aiming to the dysfunction manifested by unaffected extremity. Problems of unaffected extremity are always ignored, such as left- and right- side connection dysfunction, abnormal muscular tension of unaffected side and so on. OBJECTIVE: To observe neurophysiological change characteristics of unaffected extremity of stroke patients with hemiplegia by electromyographical method. DESIGN: Case-control observation. SETTING: First Hospital, Jilin University. PARTICIPANTS: Eighty stroke patients with hemiplegia confirmed by skull CT or MRI, who firstly hospitalized in the Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Jilin University between July 2004 and March 2005, were retrieved. They were scored > 8 points in Glasgow Coma Scale and had stable vital sign. Nineteen normal persons who received healthy examination in the clinic were involved in normal control group. Following the classification criteria of Brunnstrom's Recovery Stages of Stroke (BRSS), 80 stroke patients with hemiplegia were assigned into 3 groups: BRSS Ⅰ-Ⅱ group (n =36), BRSS Ⅲ-Ⅳ group (n =23) and BRSSⅤ-Ⅵ (n =21). METHODS: F-wave parameters of median nerve of unaffected extremity were detected by electromyographical technique. The recording electrode (muscular belly of abductor pollicis brevis) and reference electrode (first finger bone) were connected with grounding electrode. Stimulating electrode was placed in the median part of wrist joint with stimulation intensity of 130% that of threshold stimulation, stimulation frequency of 2 Hz, current pulse width of 0.2 ms, time course of 5 ms and sensitivity of 2 mV. The F-wave of median nerve of affected extremity under the resting stage (static status) and that of unaffected extremity under the maximum resistant contracted state were detected in order. The amplitude and appearance percentage of F wave were recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of F-wave parameters of median nerve between the unaffected extremity of stroke patients with hemiplegia and the extremity of control subjects under different status. RESULTS: All the patients accomplished the detection, and all of them participated in the final analysis. ①Under dynamic status, the amplitude and appearance percentage of F wave of unaffected extremity of patients in BRSS Ⅲ-Ⅳ group were significantly higher than those in the normal control group, respectively[(0.803 9±0.157 3) mV vs. (0.406 7±0.170 3) mV; (0.856 1±0.266 8)% vs. (0.650 0±0.197 6)%, P < 0.05]. Under static status, there were no significant differences in F-wave parameters of median nerve in the unaffected extremity of patients between BRSS Ⅰ-Ⅱ group and BRSS Ⅴ-Ⅵ group (P > 0.05). ②F-wave parameters of median nerve of unaffected extremity of patients in BRSS Ⅰ-Ⅱ group and BRSS Ⅴ-Ⅵ group under dynamic statewere higher than those under static status, without significant difference (P > 0.05), while the amplitude and appearance percentage of F wave of median nerve of unaffected extremity of patients in BRSS Ⅲ-Ⅳ group under dynamic statewere significantly higher than those under static state[(0.803 9±0.157 3) mV vs. (0.391 7±0.131 6) mV; (0.856 1±0.266 8 )% vs.(0.639 1 ±0.259 4)%,P < 0.05]. ③ There was no significant difference in F wave parameters among groups under static state(P > 0.05). However, under dynamic status, the amplitude and appearance percentage of F wave parameters of median nerve of unaffected extremity of patients in BRSS Ⅲ-Ⅳ group [(0.803 9±0.157 3) mV,(0.856 1±0.266 8)%] were significantly lower than those in the other two groups [(0.395 1±0.148 8),(0.437 1±0.157 6) mV;(0.612 5±0.232 8)%,(0.657 1±0.232 5)%,P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: With the development of disease condition and the increase of muscular tension at anesthetic side, combination motor of affected extremity is caused following movement and muscular tension enhances to non-anesthetic-side. Therefore, F-wave parameters increase under dynamic status.

Needle Electromyography, F-Wave, and H-Reflex: A Critical Reappraisal of Their Utility in the Diagnosis of Various Sensory Symptoms in the Extremities and Spine in the Setting of Normal Neurological Examination

Objective: Health care providers refer their patients to electromyography (EMG) laboratories for the evaluation of various sensory symptoms in the extremities and spine. The procedure is usually performed in conjunction with transcutaneous electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves and elicitation of the F-wave and H-reflex. The present study aimed to determine the real value of these procedures in the diagnosis of sensory symptoms in the setting of a normal neurologic examination. Method: The EMG reports and clinical histories of 100 patients, including 10 patients evaluated by other electromyographers, were reviewed. The study was focused on those with normal neurological examinations and those without histories of ongoing medical disorders and major surgeries to the extremities and spine. Results: All EMGs, F-wave, and H-reflex reports reviewed were normal, including those obtained from the second procedure performed in some patients and of those who subsequently underwent spinal surgery. Neurologic examination in all patients was normal. Conclusion: Needle EMG, F-wave and H-Reflex examinations are predictably normal in patients with non-dermatomal, non-neuropathic sensory symptoms with normal neurologic examination and without history of preexisting medical and surgical disorders. A good neurologic examination should determine the need to perform these procedures. Our findings have important diagnostic, therapeutic, prognostic, economic and legal implications.

Changes of the F-wave in the acute phase of permanent spinal cord ischaemic injury predict spinal cord function in animal models of rabbits

Objective:to explore the changes of the F-wave in the posterior tibial nerve of rabbits after different levels of lumbar spinal cord ischaemic injury and its correlation with motor function and the extent of lumbar spinal cord pathological damage.Methods:thirty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups.The control group(n=5)was used to exclude the influence of anaesthesia and surgery on the F-wave.Different levels of lumbar arteries were ligated in the five experimental groups(n=5).The F-wave was recorded to observe the changes in the acute phase of spinal cord ischaemia.The correlation between the changes of the F-wave in the acute reversible phase and the motor function of the spinal cord was analysed.Motor functions were assessed after surgery and 2 d after vascular ligation.The specimens were taken 2 d after ligation for histopathologic observation.Results:the results for the control group indicated that anaesthesia and surgery did not affect the F-wave results.There was no statistically significant difference in the F-wave amplitudes and latency before and after ligation in the 1 and 2 level ligation groups.The F-wave changed immediately after ligation in the 3,4 and 5 ligation groups.The latency of the F-wave gradually extended,the amplitude of the F-wave gradually reduced.The amplitude variations of the F-wave were positively correlated with the motor function 2 d after ligation,there was a statistically significant difference.With the increase in the number of vascular ligation,the degree of destruction of the motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord in the pathological specimens increased.Conclusion:the F-waves in the posterior tibial nerve of rabbits were found to be sensitive to the lumbar spinal cord ischaemic injury and specific to predict motor function.

Spin-Polarized Tunneling Spectroscopy and Shot Noise in Ferromagnet／f-WaveSuperconductor Junctions

The tunneling spectroscopy and shot noise in ferromagnet/insulator/triplet-superconductor (FM/I/tripletSC) structures are studied by taking into account the roughness interfacial barrier and exchange splitting in the FM.For the triplet-SC of Sr2RuO4, we consider two-dimensional f-wave order parameter symmetries having nodes within the RuO2 plane, which reasonably describe both thermodynamic and thermal conductivity data. It is shown that the ferromagnetic exchange splitting gives rise to a decrease in the differential conductance, the average current, and the shot noise power, while the noise power-to-current ratio is increased; the interface roughness is found to lead to a decrease in the differential conductance and the average current, and an increase in the noise power-to-current ratio.

Josephson Current in f-Wave Superconductor/f-Wave Superconductor Junctions

We study the temperature T and the phase of the Josephson critical current I(φ)by taking into account theroughness scattering effect at inerface in an f-wave superconductor(S)/Insulator layer(I)/f-wave superconductor(S)junction.It is found that the Josephson critical currents in f-wave S/f-wave S,the barrier strength and the roughnessstrength at inerface always suppress the Andreev reflection.When α=β,the phase dependence of the Josephson currentI(φ)between two f-wave S is predicted to be simφ;particularly,when α≠β,the phase dependence of the Josephsoncurrent I(φ)between two f-wave superconductors is not predicted to be sin φ and with the barrier strength increasing,the period of the I((φ)turns decrease.

GPR绕射波与反射波分离的变分模态分解方法研究

针对传统绕射波与反射波分离方法易造成有效信号丢失的问题,本文利用二维变分模态分解(2D-VMD)进行探地雷达(GPR)数据的绕射波与反射波分离。对二维GPR数据进行2D-VMD分解后,可得到包含从低频低波数到高频高波数的各阶模态分量及各阶模态分量的F-K谱。通过分析绕射波与反射波在频率-波数域的差异,分别重构绕射波与反射波对应的模态分量,得到分离后的绕射波与反射波数据。数值模拟与实测数据处理结果表明,相比于传统方法,该方法可以有效分离绕射波与反射波,并且不损失任何有效信号。

补阳还五汤联合电针对不完全性脊髓损伤患者术后恢复的临床效果

目的观察补阳还五汤联合电针疗法在不完全性脊髓损伤患者术后恢复的临床效果。方法选择2020年12月至2023年4月在浙江中医药大学附属第二医院骨伤科治疗的符合要求的不完全性脊髓损伤患者44例,按照患者治疗意愿,分为对照组和试验组,每组22例。两组均予西医基础治疗,试验组加用补阳还五汤及电针,比较两组美国脊髓损伤协会评分(ASIA)、改良Barthel指数评分(MBI)、视觉模拟评分(VAS)、肌电图F波引出率与离散度,于术后3天及8周各评价一次。结果术后3 d,两组患者在ASIA评分、MBI评分、VAS评分、F波离散度与引出率方面比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后8周,两组上述指标较术后3 d均有改善,而试验组改善程度均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论补阳还五汤联合电针疗法可促进脊髓神经功能恢复,改善运动与感觉功能,减轻病理性疼痛,提高日常生活质量,是可在临床推广应用的多模式联合疗法。

一种有效的适合F-J方法从背景噪声资料中提取多阶频散曲线的台阵划分方法

近年发展起来的从地震背景噪声提取多阶频散曲线的F-J方法是一种台阵分析方法,对某一特定的研究区域内台阵的划分方式直接影响成像的效果.当研究区域地下结构较简单,且台站间距比较均匀时,可以使用简单的平移式移动阵列法;然而若研究区域地下结构复杂多变,尤其是台站间距疏密不均时,就需要根据具体的地域特征灵活划分台阵.本文介绍了一种适用于地下结构复杂及台站间距不均匀区域的台阵划分方法,具有一定的普适性.我们将其应用于美国阿拉斯加及加拿大西北部,验证了相比于简单的沿经纬度移动阵列,我们的分区方法确实大大提高了结果的分辨率,为后续反演研究区域三维速度结构提供了坚实的保障.

探讨F波联合SSR和NCV在糖尿病周围神经病早期的诊断价值

目的探讨F波联合皮肤交感反应(SSR)和常规神经传导检测(NCV)对糖尿病周围神经病(DPN)早期的诊断价值。方法对324例2型糖尿病患者,根据有无周围神经症状分为无症状组(103例)、有症状组(221例)及同期对照组(100例),均行正中神经和胫神经F波,四肢感觉、运动神经传导检测(NCV)和SSR检查。分析比较组间F波、NCV和SSR指标的临床特点。结果糖尿病患者下肢运动、感觉神经损害程度重于上肢,且四肢感觉神经异常比例高于运动神经(P<0.05);对糖尿病有症状组、无症状组进行SSR和NCV联合检测,总异常率为90.1%,明显高于单独应用NCV异常率,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,糖尿病(DM)有症状组上肢正中神经F波出现率减少,F波传导速度减慢,下肢胫神经F波出现率减少,F波潜伏期延长。无症状组仅上肢正中神经F波出现率减少。与DM无症状组比较,有症状组上肢正中神经F波传导速度减慢,下肢F波出现率减少,F波潜伏期延长(P<0.05),而上肢F波出现率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。对糖尿病组进行NCV、SSR和F波联合检测异常率为93.2%,明显高于单纯NCV检测(P<0.05)。结论糖尿病在早期无症状时即存在周围神经损害,以小纤维受累为主,F波、SSR联合NCV检测能有效弥补NCV不能反映自主神经小纤维和运动神经近端功能的不足,提高对DPN的早期诊断。

陈氏挑针与牵旋疗法对腰椎间盘突出症患者疗效及血液流变指标的影响

目的探讨陈氏挑针与牵旋法对腰椎间盘突出症(prolapse of lumbar intervertebral disc,LIDP)患者血液流变指标及疗效的影响。方法将218例LIDP患者按数字表法随机分为观察组各109例,最终观察组脱落4例,对照组脱落8例;分别为观察组105例,对照组101例。其中观察组挑针与牵旋法治疗腰椎间盘突出相应节段椎旁神经根;对照组单纯牵旋治疗,每个疗程10次,两组均治疗2个疗程后,对比两组治疗前后血液黏稠度改变、胫腓神经F波传导速度和JOA评分,并观察针挑对患者神经根、症状缓解和疗效情况。结果与治疗前比较,观察组治疗后的胫腓神经F波传导速度、JOA评分均明显高于治疗前(P<0.01),且观察组高于对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05)。观察组治疗后全血表观黏度及血浆度值均明显下降(P<0.05);观察组总有效率明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论陈氏挑针与牵旋法可明显改善LIDP患者临床症状,调节血液流变学指数。同时,可提升由于LIDP神经根病损所致患肢胫、腓神经F波传导速度,缓解下肢症状群。

声源对浅海地震波传播特性的影响研究

为提升水雷的探测能力,利用浅海地震波识别水下目标声源,研究声源高度和频率对浅海地震波的影响。采用交错网格有限差分方法对波动方程进行离散求解,实现不同高度和不同频率声源形成的浅海地震波在砂岩介质中传播过程的仿真模拟,并利用f-k频散能量提取方法,获得浅海地震波的频散能量图。结果表明:声源高度和频率均会影响浅海地震波的传播特性,但对其波速、频率集中范围和极化特性影响较小,Scholte波稳定的波速为1088 m/s,Scholte波振幅的频率范围在5~30 Hz之间;随着声源高度和频率的增加,形成的Scholte波在水下界面信号减弱。研究结果可为水雷引信的研制提供理论依据。

温通柔筋法结合针刺治疗脑卒中后上肢痉挛的临床研究

目的:探讨温通柔筋法结合泻阴补阳针刺法治疗脑卒中后上肢痉挛性偏瘫患者的临床效果。方法:选取2021年1月-2022年9月泰安市中医医院收治的脑卒中后上肢痉挛患者92例,随机分为对照组和观察组,各46例。两组患者均给予常规内科治疗+康复训练,对照组在常规治疗基础上,予泻阴补阳针刺法治疗,观察组在对照组基础上另予温通柔筋法治疗,疗程均为8周。比较两组治疗前、治疗8周后改良Ashworth量表(modified Ashworth scale,MAS)、Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定量表上肢部分(Fugl-Meyer assessment of the upper extremity,FMA-UE)评分、改良Barthel指数(modified Barthel index,MBI)及肌电图F波波幅、潜伏期,并记录两组不良反应。结果:治疗8周后,两组MAS分级及F波波幅、潜伏期均较治疗前明显降低,且观察组均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗8周后,两组FMA、MBI评分均较治疗前明显提高,且观察组评分均高于对照组(P<0.05);两组均未出现不良反应。结论:温通柔筋法结合泻阴补阳针刺法可明显改善脑卒中后上肢痉挛程度,提高运动功能和日常生活自理能力。

紧凑低成本非制冷长波红外连续变焦光学设计

随着红外技术的快速发展,SWaP-C(尺寸小、质量轻、功耗低、成本低)概念已深入红外热像仪整机设计全过程。在非制冷连续变焦红外热像仪设计中,相对已模块化的非制冷探测器与成像电路、光学系统影响整机包络尺寸、产品质量及价格成本,因此设计一款总长短、质量轻、成本低、性能高的非制冷长波红外连续变焦光学系统将具有广阔的市场前景。非制冷长波红外连续变焦光学因相对孔径大、光学材料种类少等因素存在系统小型化和无热化设计难题,通过采用变F#设计方法约束物镜尺寸;利用三组联动变焦技术平衡像差、压缩系统总长;通过主动补偿的消热差技术使得系统在-40~+60℃温度范围成像质量良好,实现四片透镜构成的非制冷长波红外连续变焦光学系统设计。该系统工作波段为8~12μm,焦距变化范围为20.7~126 mm,对应F#为1.05~1.2,视场变化范围为21°×16.8°~3.5°×2.8°,变倍比为6.0×,最大物镜直径116 mm,光学系统总长180 mm,光学零件总质量418 g。该光学系统具有轻小型、高性能、低成本等SWaP-C特征,将在无人装备平台及手持热像仪设备中得到广泛应用。

应用于5G通信的三频F类功率放大器设计

为满足5G通信技术的多标准和多频段需求,针对如何提高多频段效率的问题,提出了一种三次谐波控制的三频功率放大器设计方法。首先基于F类功率放大器的原理设计了三频谐波控制网络,用于提高三频功率放大器效率;然后又给出了一种三频基波匹配方法,用来实现任意三频的基波匹配并简化输出匹配结构;最后设计了一款高效率的三频F类功率放大器并进行测试,测试结果表明该功率放大器在1.8、2.6和3.4 GHz的漏级效率分别为74.2%、73.8%和69.0%,饱和输出功率均在40 dBm左右,增益也可达到14.5 dB。

体表心电图相关参数预测心房颤动射频消融术后复发的价值及临床意义

目的 探讨体表心电图相关参数预测心房颤动(AF)射频消融术(RFCA)后复发的价值,并分析其临床意义。方法 选取2019年1月—2021年8月收治的542例AF,均行RFCA术治疗,根据术后6个月是否复发分为复发组(72例)与未复发组(470例),比较2组临床资料、手术前后体表心电图相关参数[V_(1)导联f波平均振幅、P波时限(PWD)、最大P波时限(P_(max))、P波离散度(Pd)]及各参数变化差值,分析各参数变化差值与术后复发风险的关系及预测价值。结果 复发组年龄、右心房内径大于未复发组,病程长于未复发组,合并高血压病比例高于未复发组(P<0.01)。2组术后1 d V_(1)导联f波平均振幅长于术前,PWD、P_(max)、Pd低于术前(P<0.05);复发组术前、术后1 d V_(1)导联f波平均振幅短于未复发组,PWD、P_(max)、Pd高于未复发组(P<0.01)。复发组V_(1)导联f波平均振幅、PWD、P_(max)、Pd变化差值小于未复发组(P<0.01)。危险度分析显示,V_(1)导联f波平均振幅、PWD、P_(max)、Pd变化差值为低值时会显著增加术后AF复发风险。受试者工作特征曲线分析显示,V_(1)导联f波平均振幅、PWD、P_(max)、Pd变化差值联合预测术后复发的曲线下面积和95%CI分别为0.931和0.907,0.951,大于各参数变化差值单独预测。结论 V_(1)导联f波平均振幅、PWD、P_(max)、Pd变化差值对AF患者RFCA术后复发具有较强的预测价值,联合检测有利于预防术后复发。

朝医四象体质的末梢神经活动电位特征性变化机制研究

目的:阐述朝医四象体质的末梢神经活动电位(PNAP)特征性变化机制,为朝医体质诊断与治疗提供依据。方法:以健康志愿者990名为对象进行朝医辨象,并检测正中、尺、腓和胫神经CMAP和F波,分析四象组间及组内的神经传导机能特征性变化。结果:(1)太阴和少阳人正中神经MCV右侧较左侧下降,少阳人尺、胫神经MCV左侧较右侧下降,太阴和少阴人尺、腓、胫神经MCV左侧较右侧下降(P<0.05);(2)太阴人正中、胫神经波幅(DA)、MCV,以及尺神经DA较少阳人下降(P<0.05)。太阴人正中神经DA,胫神经DA、MCV较少阴人下降(P<0.05)。少阴人正中神经MCV较少阳人下降(P<0.05);(3)正中神经AMP./DUR.比值,少阴人>少阳人>太阴人(P<0.05)。结论:正中神经以左侧为传导优势,尺、胫神经以右为传导优势,且太阴人左右差异最大。少阳人末梢神经传导机能优于太阴、少阴人,正中神经AMP./DUR.比值敏感反映体质差异。

疑似吉兰-巴雷综合征的脊髓损伤患者1例报告

患者主诉“四肢无力16小时”,无前驱感染及明确外伤史。专科查体:四肢呈对称性迟缓性瘫痪,Hughes评分4分,结合头颅CT及实验室检查,拟诊为吉兰-巴雷综合征。神经电生理检测发现F波出现率低,甚至未引出肯定波形,四肢运动神经传导却正常,这与F波异常不相匹配。对于症状较轻的吉兰-巴雷综合征患者,在发病早期,运动神经传导结果可能正常;该患者更倾向于较重亚型-急性运动轴索性神经病,发病早期随着F波异常的出现,运动神经传导也应当出现异常。如两者不匹配,需引起重视。

侧方扩散反应在面肌痉挛疾病中的应用进展

侧方扩散反应(LSR)是面肌痉挛疾病诊断中的一种标志性电生理现象。在微血管减压术的治疗中起着重要的作用。本文从LSR的历史、基本原理、测量方法、和F波的关系、临床意义等方面阐述了LSR的应用进展。

利用通用F-展开法求解ZK-BBM方程

利用通用F-展开法对ZK-BBM方程进行求解,作行波变换,将偏微分方程转化为常微分方程.假设方程具有洛朗级数形式的解,其中φ满足一般椭圆方程.通过齐次平衡法,确定参数n.通过比较同次幂项的系数,将非线性方程的求解问题转化为代数方程组求解.运用扩展的椭圆方程方法,求解ZK-BBM方程的孤子解、三角函数解、有理解和Jacobi椭圆函数解.

基于F⁃J法微动探测的表层结构调查

三维地震勘探常常处于城镇、道路等无法实施微测井等静校正方法的区域,近期人们尝试利用微动调查替代现有的静校正方法,取得了一定效果。现今微动调查在石油勘探的应用中主要通过提取面波频散曲线反演地层速度结构。该方法在石油勘探领域仍处于起步阶段,作为核心技术的频散成像方法种类繁多,其中2019年提出的频率—贝塞尔变换法(Frequency‑Bessel,F‑J)受到人们的广泛关注。相比空间自相关方法(SPAC),F‑J方法在利用背景噪声高阶模式面波成像上具有巨大优势。为了更好地研究F‑J方法的适用性,首先利用合成数据分析了不同观测系统和采集参数对F‑J成像的影响;然后利用四川某地实际噪声数据分析了不同观测系统、采集时间对F‑J频散成像的影响。实际应用中采用分段择优叠加得到的频散谱,可有效提高频散谱成像质量,为准确提取频散曲线提供了数据基础。进一步对比测井数据,发现利用基阶、高阶模式频散曲线进行多模式联合反演可精确地反演地层结构,使经济、高效地获得表层结构成为可能。