Tomato is one the most important vegetables worldwide and mineral nutrition in tomato crops is considered as the second most important factor in crop management after water availability. Mathematical modeling techniqu...Tomato is one the most important vegetables worldwide and mineral nutrition in tomato crops is considered as the second most important factor in crop management after water availability. Mathematical modeling techniques allow us to design strategies for nutrition management. In order to generate the necessary information to validate and calibrate a dynamic growth model, two tomato crop cycles were developed. Several mineral analyses were performed during crop development to determine the behavior of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in different organs of the plant. Regression models were generated to mimic the behavior of minerals in tomato plants and they were included in the model in order to simulate their dynamic behavior. The results of this experiments showed that the growth model adequately simulates leaf and fruit weight (EF > 0.95 and Index > 0.95). As for harvested fruits and harvested leaves, the simulation was less efficient (EF < 0.90 and Index < 0.90). Simulation of minerals was suitable for N, P, K and S as both, the EF and the Index, had higher values than 0.95. In the case of Ca and Mg, simulations showed indices below 0.90. These models can be used for planning crop management and to design more appropriate fertilization strategies.展开更多
The current work aims to explore the suitable drying technique for peanut pods which can be used for seeds or edible peanuts.Four drying methods,namely naturally-open sun drying as the control check(CK),hot air drying...The current work aims to explore the suitable drying technique for peanut pods which can be used for seeds or edible peanuts.Four drying methods,namely naturally-open sun drying as the control check(CK),hot air drying(HAD),pulsed vacuum drying(PVD),and radio frequency combined hot air drying(RF-HAD),were employed to dry peanut pods,and their effects on the nutritional quality attributes in terms of protein,fat,fatty acid contents,etc.,germination characteristics,microstructure,color,texture,acid value and peroxide value of peanuts were explored.Mathematical models of peanuts drying with four drying methods were also established.According to the statistical parameters including the determination coefficient(R^(2))、root mean square error(RMSE)and chi-square value(v^(2)),theWeibull model was best for predicting the moisture ratio change kinetics of peanuts during its four drying processes.There were significant differences in physicochemical indexes of peanut by different drying methods(p<0.05).Fat and oleic acid contents under RF-HAD were significantly higher than those by the other three drying methods.Compared with the naturally-open sun drying,RF-HAD reduced drying time by 76.70%and the microstructure of RF-HAD peanuts produced larger and more cavities.The RF-HAD kept better comprehensive nutritional quality,but the germination rate was reduced by 27.80%.PVD could maintain good nutritional quality and germination rate among these mechanical drying technologies.However,PVD had a longer drying time of 9.5 h than RF-HAD and HAD,and the microstructure of pulsed vacuum dried peanuts showed dense structure and less cavity.Hot air-dried peanut kernel held the highest protein(28.75%),fatty acids contents(26.11%)and germination rate(88.00%).However,peanut kernel dried by HAD showed poor qualities,such as high acid value,peroxide value and large color changes.These findings indicated RF-HAD was a promising drying technique for edible peanuts regarding the higher drying rate and better-quality preservation,while HAD was suitable for peanut seeds drying as it could well protect the germination rate.展开更多
文摘Tomato is one the most important vegetables worldwide and mineral nutrition in tomato crops is considered as the second most important factor in crop management after water availability. Mathematical modeling techniques allow us to design strategies for nutrition management. In order to generate the necessary information to validate and calibrate a dynamic growth model, two tomato crop cycles were developed. Several mineral analyses were performed during crop development to determine the behavior of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in different organs of the plant. Regression models were generated to mimic the behavior of minerals in tomato plants and they were included in the model in order to simulate their dynamic behavior. The results of this experiments showed that the growth model adequately simulates leaf and fruit weight (EF > 0.95 and Index > 0.95). As for harvested fruits and harvested leaves, the simulation was less efficient (EF < 0.90 and Index < 0.90). Simulation of minerals was suitable for N, P, K and S as both, the EF and the Index, had higher values than 0.95. In the case of Ca and Mg, simulations showed indices below 0.90. These models can be used for planning crop management and to design more appropriate fertilization strategies.
基金supported by key research and development and promotion projects of Henan Province(212102110232)the innovation and creativity project of Henan academy of agricultural sciences(2020CX15)+1 种基金independent innovation fund of Henan academy of agricultural Sciences(2021ZC66)the open fund of institute of ocean research,Bohai University(BDHYYJY2020003).
文摘The current work aims to explore the suitable drying technique for peanut pods which can be used for seeds or edible peanuts.Four drying methods,namely naturally-open sun drying as the control check(CK),hot air drying(HAD),pulsed vacuum drying(PVD),and radio frequency combined hot air drying(RF-HAD),were employed to dry peanut pods,and their effects on the nutritional quality attributes in terms of protein,fat,fatty acid contents,etc.,germination characteristics,microstructure,color,texture,acid value and peroxide value of peanuts were explored.Mathematical models of peanuts drying with four drying methods were also established.According to the statistical parameters including the determination coefficient(R^(2))、root mean square error(RMSE)and chi-square value(v^(2)),theWeibull model was best for predicting the moisture ratio change kinetics of peanuts during its four drying processes.There were significant differences in physicochemical indexes of peanut by different drying methods(p<0.05).Fat and oleic acid contents under RF-HAD were significantly higher than those by the other three drying methods.Compared with the naturally-open sun drying,RF-HAD reduced drying time by 76.70%and the microstructure of RF-HAD peanuts produced larger and more cavities.The RF-HAD kept better comprehensive nutritional quality,but the germination rate was reduced by 27.80%.PVD could maintain good nutritional quality and germination rate among these mechanical drying technologies.However,PVD had a longer drying time of 9.5 h than RF-HAD and HAD,and the microstructure of pulsed vacuum dried peanuts showed dense structure and less cavity.Hot air-dried peanut kernel held the highest protein(28.75%),fatty acids contents(26.11%)and germination rate(88.00%).However,peanut kernel dried by HAD showed poor qualities,such as high acid value,peroxide value and large color changes.These findings indicated RF-HAD was a promising drying technique for edible peanuts regarding the higher drying rate and better-quality preservation,while HAD was suitable for peanut seeds drying as it could well protect the germination rate.
