An investigation of the effect of L2 proficiency and topic familiarity on L2 Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition： An empirical study based on theory of interactive reading

Based on the interactive theory of reading, this study mainly explored the etlects ot topic familiarity and second language proficiency on IVA （Incidental Vocabulary Acquisition） of second language through reading. By using two different measures （translation production and selection）, this study found： （1） Vocabulary can be acquired incidentally in reading passages; （2） There are no significant interactive effects of topic familiarity and second language proficiency on vocabulary acquisition, but the two independent variables of topic familiarity and second language proficiency exerted their positively significant effect on incidental vocabulary acquisition, and （3） As for the two vocabulary measures, learners can acquire more words in translation selection than in translation production.

The Effect of Text Familiarity on Summary Writing Skill

Research has been done on the effects of text familiarity on reading comprehension. It has been shown that there is no relationship between familiarity with the content of a passage and better comprehension of that passage through reading it. More specifically, it has been indicated that students perform better on a passage with an unfamiliar content （Carrel, 1983）. This study focuses on the effect of text familiarity on summary writing skill of foreign language students. In order to achieve this goal, 60 male and female students participated in this study. Four passages were selected from among reading comprehension TOEFL （Test of English as a Foreign Language） texts Two passages were familiar and the other two were unfamiliar. They were given to students for summary writing Through the processes of test administration, each subject was tested on four passages. The subjects performed better on the passage with unfamiliar content.

The Effect of Topic Familiarity and Linguistic Difficulty on EFL Listening Comprehension

As a highly integrative and demanding receptive skill,listening comprehension presents a challenge to both learners and researchers.The study reported in this paper is listening comprehension objective-factor research.Manipulating topic factors,the study investigated the effect of topic familiarity and linguistic difficulty on EFL(English as a foreign language)listening comprehension of learners at different proficiency levels.

Influence of Familiarity on Energy Intake and Plasma Gut Hormone Concentration in Lean and Overweight Young Male Students

Objective This study is to examine the influence of familiarity on energy intake, eating behavior, and concentration of the plasma gut hormones in lean and overweight young male subjects. Methods Twenty-eight lean and twenty-eight overweight participants were recruited. Their food consumption was documented and analyzed when they had a test meal while they were paired with friends or strangers at the same weight stature. Their eating behavior was recorded with cameras hidden in the carton, and postprandial plasma gut hormone concentration were measured. Results Compared with overweight strangers（OS）, overweight friends（OF） had increased food consumption, prolonged and decreased number of chews per 10 g food. Compared with OS, postprandial plasma concentration of cholecystokinin-8 was significantly lower in OF group at 30, 60, and 90 min, whereas the concentration of glucagon-like peptide 1 was significantly lower at 60 and 90 min. Plasma ghrelin concentration was significantly higher in the OF group than that in the OS group at 90 and 120 min. No significant differences in gut hormone concentration were observed between lean strangers（LS） and lean friends（LF） groups at all time points. Conclusion Familiarity plays an important role in increasing energy intake and in changing of postprandial gut hormone concentration in overweight individuals.

Antecedents of Social Network Trust in SNS Usage: The Moderating Role of Offline Familiarity

With the rapid development of social networks, there is a focus on marketing strategies and business models that are based on social media. In the academic world, scholars believe that online trust is a key factor contributing to online purchasing behavior. This article explored several factors in social media trust and verified the moderating role of offline familiarity by using relevant research on online trust in conjunction with a structure equation model. The results show that independent variables such as reputation, SNS interaction, information quality, reciprocity, satisfaction and shared values have a positive influence on trust, whereas perceived similarity does not, and information quality is the most important factor. In addition, offline familiarity significantly moderates the relations between information quality, reciprocity, reputation, shared values and social media trust. This information is important to assist companies in developing an effective social network marketing strategy.

Effects of L-Dopa and Dopamine D2 Agonists on Recollection and Familiarity in Idiopathic Nondementing Parkinson’s Disease

Idiopathic nondementing Parkinson’s disease (PD) is marked by progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area. Recent brain imaging work implicates these structures in dopamine modulated networks subserving episodic memory. These findings are of relevance to PD because they suggest that dopamine depletion contributes to the disease-dependent decline in episodic memory, and therefore, this decline should, at least partially, be remediated by dopaminergic medication. Recognition memory (RM), recollection and familiarity during recognition was examined in 17 PD patients, 12 of whom were medicated with a D2 dopamine agonist (pramipexole or ropinirole) and l-dopa, with a further 5 PD control patients on l-dopa but no D2 agonist. Memory was tested “ON” and, following a period of medication withdrawal, “OFF” and compared to a group of 14 matched healthy volunteers (HV). The HVs were also tested twice in the absence of medication. The patients on the agonists PD showed significant impairments in recollection ON- and OFF-medication, whereas the l-dopa control patients exhibited a decline in OFF-recollection only. RM and familiarity were spared in both groups ON- and OFF-medication. These findings suggest that D2 dopamine agonists (combined with l-dopa) contribute to disease-dependent episodic memory impairment.

Motivational Orientation and Brand Familiarity： Positive Emotions and Skepticism toward Online Advertising Using the English Language

Online video advertising using the English language is a trend in international marketing. While previous studies have pointed out that individuals＇ motivational orientation in the context of advertising plays a key role in ad preference and effectiveness, few studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of online English advertising on international consumers with different motivational orientations in non-English speaking populations Accordingly, this article examines the effects of motivational orientation and brand familiarity on positive emotions and skepticism in international consumers＇ responses to online video English advertising. The results imply that participants＇ positive emotions can be influenced more by their motivational orientation than by their familiarity with the brand, while their skepticism can be affected more by brand familiarity than by motivational orientation toward the ad. Moreover, participants high in English promotion orientation displayed higher positive emotions toward unfamiliar brand online advertising than did the English prevention-orientated participants toward a familiar brand ad. Prevention orientation exhibits a higher level of skepticism towards an unfamiliar brand online video advertisement. The effects are more explicit in motivational orientation in English than general motivational orientation. This research suggests that generating positive emotions and reducing the skepticism of non-English-speaking individuals is essential to build brand image in online marketing.

Investigating the Impact of Familiarity and Product Conditions on The Ease of Use of a Product

Ease of use is one of the main criteria that customers consider when making a purchase decision.To provide a pleasant experience to the customers,offering products or services consisting of advanced features and functions is no longer enough,due to the existing competition in the global market.In reality,the ease of use of any product is influenced by the conditions of the product and the familiarity of the user.This study examines the influence of the familiarity and the product conditions on the ease of use of a product.This only explains how the conditions of the product and the familiarity of the user,influence on the ease of use of a product when the usage hours of a product increases.A case study would be conducted to validate the results.The results of this study indicate that in the case where both the product conditions and the familiarity has been varied,the ease of use of the product has been increased from 0.229 to 0.380 gradually within the 10 weeks period.Through these results valuable guidance could be obtained by the manufacturers to identify how the ease of use level of a product deviates from the standard level when the usage hours of the product would increase.

Research on the Tourists'Sense of Wel-Being and Its Spillover Effect

The high-quality development of tourism aims to improve tourists'sense of well-being and fulfillment.The improvement of tourists'sense of well-being will not only enable tourists to obtain positive emotional experiences but is also an important way to improve their quality of life.However,the existing research has not yet reached a clear conclusion on how tourists'sense of well-being is formed,whether tourists'sense of well-being will spill over(i.e.,knowledge sharing)after tourists obtain it,and whether the destination familiarity brought by the spillover of sense of well-being(i.e.,knowledge sharing)will affect other tourists.Therefore,based on the experience marketing theory and the embodiment theory,this paper empirically examines the formation and spillover effect of tourists'sense of well-being through structural equation modeling(SEM).The research shows that:(a)Subject presence has a positive effect on tourists'sense of well-being,which further promotes knowledge sharing and realizes the spillover of tourists'sense of well-being,and tourists'sense of well-being plays a mediating role between subject presence and knowledge sharing;(b)Destination familiarity resulting from the spillover of sense of wellbeing(i.e.,knowledge sharing)plays a negative moderating role in the positive impact of subject presence on tourists'sense of well-being.This paper not only expands the boundaries of research on tourists'sense of well-being and embodiment theory to some extent but also provides theoretical support and countermeasures for the high-quality development of China's tourism and even service industry.

Familiarity in Chinese and English Idiom Comprehension: An Event Related Potential Study from Chinese English Learners

Idioms have attracted great attention over recent decades. Nevertheless, controversies still remain in regard of the most plausible cognition mechanism for idiom comprehension, especially concerning non-Indo-European languages and second/foreign language users. Event Related Potential （ERP） experiments on proficient English learners whose native language was Mandarin Chinese were conducted to test the influences of idioms＇ familiarity on both Chinese and English （as foreign language） idiom comprehension. Data including accuracy rates, reaction time, and latency and peak amplitudes of N400 were recorded and analyzed, indicating that familiarity might play a significant role in idiom comprehension in both native and foreign languages. Further, idioms, should they have similar familiarity levels, may be easier to process in the native language （Chinese） than in the foreign language （English）.

Literary Destination Familiarity and Inbound Tourism:Evidence from China's Mainland

Destination familiarity is an important non-economic determinant of tourists’destination choice that has not been adequately studied.This study posits a literary dimension to the concept of destination familiarity—that is,the extent to which tourists have gained familiarity with a given destination through literature—and seeks to investigate the impact of this form of familiarity on inbound tourism to China's Mainland.Employing the English fiction dataset of the Google Books corpus,the New York Times annotated corpus,and the Time magazine corpus,we construct two types of destination familiarity based on literary texts:affectionbased destination familiarity and knowledge-based destination familiarity.The results from dynamic panel estimation(1994–2004)demonstrate that the higher the degree of affection-based destination familiarity with a province in the previous year,the larger the number of inbound tourists the following year.Examining the influence of literature and its consumption on tourism activities sheds light on the dynamics of sustainable tourism development in emerging markets.

信息型常见毒物质谱用户库的建立及其在毒物快速筛选上的应用研究

The spectrum user’s librarys containing 1533 familiar toxicants have been built; A method with high separability and sensitivity has been found,The RT and the detection limit of 210 familiar abuse drugs has been confirmed; the processing methods to analyse spectrum data automatically have been found; It is simple,quick,sensitive and reliable,and can take place of manual operation,It is very useful to screen the familiar toxicants in unkown sample.

Effect of emotional valence on episodic memory stages as indexed by event-related potentials

Several investigations have shown that emotional events show superior recall than non-emotional ones. However, the cortical mechanisms underlying the episodic recall of emotional scenes are still poorly understood. Our main aim was to compare the magnitude of the Event-Related brain Potentials (ERP) old-new effect related to emotionally unpleasant, pleasant and neutral photographic images. As expected, correct recognition of all types of images elicited three topographically distinct ERP components sensitive to the classical old-new recognition effect. The results revealed that the behavioral performances were mainly sensitive to arousal, while the ERP old/new effect over posterior regions (300 - 1000 ms) was exclusively affected by unpleasantness. A later component (1000 - 1400 ms) showed an inverted old/ new effect at parietal sites, which was also sensitive to unpleasantness. These results imply that ERP reflecting episodic conscious recollection and post-retrieval monitoring are clearly affected both by valence and arousal.

The determinant of performance of cross-border M＆As in China： A comparative study between overseas Sino and Anglo firms

This study examines the factors that affect the performance of foreign acquiring firms in Chinese M＆As （mergers and acquisitions） market. Comparing between overseas Sino-Group and Anglo-Group, this study found that familiarity and location were the most important factors influencing performance of M＆A transactions in China. It also found that unrelated M＆A deals should be merged with familiarity for gaining positive acquisition performance. The total sample used in this study was 3,442 cases from October 1980 to March 2005. Because this period included all deals of M＆As after the opening of Chinese market in China. The authors＇ finding provided a more universal explanation in the cross-border M＆As in China.

人如其食,屋如其工

在网络呈现最新信息的今天,世博会也许不再重要了。但本届米兰世博会还是提出了一个发人深省的话题：食物与人类的生存。在气候变化不可逆、人口膨胀加剧的现实面前,这一问题对文明的挑战是不言而喻的。食物与建筑之间的共性在于,它们都强有力地参与构成或作用于人的身体。前者决定了我们身体基本构成单元的蛋白链结构,后者则不仅通过空间、也通过其构件的连接方式一工法。

李晓东·说

第一部分 建筑与城市实践 Q1您的建筑创作理念有很强的地域性,体现出您以前所谈到的自省的地域主义这样一个特点,怎样理解这种特点？ 这个概念实际上现在很多人都已经接受了,也就是所谓＂在地化＂。台湾把它叫做＂在地化＂,我们这儿对此也发明了各种各样的词汇,大家越来越趋同于一个想法，就是指本地东西。

Interactions between intruders and residents in the mole vole Ellobius talpinus

We studied the behavioral and endocrine responses of the fossorial s ocial rodent, mole vole Ellobius talpinus Pall., to intrusions of strangers int o burrow systems that were occupied by intact families. Both in reproductive and non-reproductive seasons, all intruders disappeared from the burrow systems of residents within two days of introduction, whereas 4 of 7 individuals introduced into empty burrows remained there at least for two days. Introduction of strang ers led to the concentration of residents at the point of release and to an incr ease of plasma corticosterone in both residents and intruders. During the breedi ng season, introduction of strangers was also accompanied by an increase of plas ma testosterone of residents on the day of introduction. Thus, simulation of int rusion of strangers demonstrated the efficient social fence of resident mole vol es that seems to be an important mechanism of stabilization of size and structur e of mole vole families. Encounters of residents and intruders resulted in activ ation of physiological mechanisms of stress, especially during the breeding seas on .

动画:成为生命的另一个维度——有关余春娜动画艺术的一点随感

我和余春娜年岁大致相当,我们都算是童年时被动画图像所包围着成长起来的第一代中国人,比这更早的年代动画技术早已诞生诸多经典,但动画确是在比较晚近的时候,才真正开始深刻地影响每一代人的生命,从许多细节上改变着我们认识生活和认识世界的方式。过去动画曾经被认为仅仅是＂动漫＂,即便如此,这样的＂动漫＂已经有足够的力量改变无数人的童年。

On the Choice of Reading Materials in TESL

The choice of reading materials partly decides the effectiveness of classroom reading instructions in TESL.This paper analyses the cognitive process of reading and some problems in classroom reading instructions of reading course,and suggests three basic principles for choosing reading materials,including the principle of comprehensibility reading materials,readers’familiarity with the topics of the reading materials,and the sufficiency of reading materials.