Sequence stratigraphic evidences have been used in this research to investigate the stratigraphic correlation of cretaceous paleogene succession in Shiraz area, Fars, SW Iran. For this purpose, 4 stratigraphic section...Sequence stratigraphic evidences have been used in this research to investigate the stratigraphic correlation of cretaceous paleogene succession in Shiraz area, Fars, SW Iran. For this purpose, 4 stratigraphic sections have been chosen and provided. According to petrographic study and field evidences, 4 depositional sequences were identified including the Tarbur, Sachun and Jahrum formations in the east and the Gurpi, Pabadeh and Asmari formations in the west of study area. After identifying the boundaries and systems tract facies, it has been found that the mentioned formations have been deposited among the continuous/discontinuous boundaries in an equivalent manner. In this case, the purple shale (between the Gurpi and Pabdeh formations) could be considered equivalent to the upper part of the Sachun formation. From the point of Paleogeography, the plat-form sedimentary environment covered almost the whole area during the Oligo-Miocene age, so that the Asmari formation would have been deposited, which is marked by sharp contact as disconformity on Jahrum formation in the east of the basin and with continuous contact (C.C) on the Pabdeh formation in the west and southwest.展开更多
Objective: To determine whether permutation scan statistics was more efficient in finding prospective spatial-temporal outbreaks for cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL) or for malaria in Fars province, Iran in 2016. Methods: ...Objective: To determine whether permutation scan statistics was more efficient in finding prospective spatial-temporal outbreaks for cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL) or for malaria in Fars province, Iran in 2016. Methods: Using time-series data including 29 177 CL cases recorded during 2010-2015 and 357 malaria cases recorded during 2010-2015, CL and malaria cases were predicted in 2016. Predicted cases were used to verify if they followed uniform distribution over time and space using space-time analysis. To testify the uniformity of distributions, permutation scan statistics was applied prospectively to detect statistically significant and non-significant outbreaks. Finally, the findings were compared to determine whether permutation scan statistics worked better for CL or for malaria in the area. Prospective permutation scan modeling was performed using SatScan software. Results: A total of 5 359 CL and 23 malaria cases were predicted in 2016 using time-series models. Applied timeseries models were well-fitted regarding auto correlation function, partial auto correlation function sample/model, and residual analysis criteria(Pv was set to 0.1). The results indicated two significant prospective spatial-temporal outbreaks for CL(P<0.5) including Most Likely Clusters, and one non-significant outbreak for malaria(P>0.5) in the area. Conclusions: Both CL and malaria follow a space-time trend in the area, but prospective permutation scan modeling works better for detecting CL spatial-temporal outbreaks. It is not far away from expectation since clusters are defined as accumulation of cases in specified times and places. Although this method seems to work better with finding the outbreaks of a high-frequency disease; i.e., CL, it is able to find non-significant outbreaks. This is clinically important for both high-and low-frequency infections; i.e., CL and malaria.展开更多
Objective: To determine the endemic values of cutaneous leishmaniasis in different cities of Fars province, Iran. Methods: Totally, 29 201 cases registered from 2010 to 2015 in Iranian Fars province were selected, and...Objective: To determine the endemic values of cutaneous leishmaniasis in different cities of Fars province, Iran. Methods: Totally, 29 201 cases registered from 2010 to 2015 in Iranian Fars province were selected, and the endemic values of cutaneous leishmaniasis were determined by retrospective clusters derived from spatiotemporal permutation modeling on a time-series design. The accuracy of the values was assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. SPSS version 22, Arc GIS, and ITSM 2002 software tools were used for analysis. Results: Nine statistically significant retrospective clusters(P<0.05) resulted in finding seven significant and accurate endemic values(P<0.1). These valid endemic scores were generalized to the other 18 cities based on 6 different climates in the province. Conclusions: Retrospectively detected clusters with the help of ROC curve analysis could help determine cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic values which are essential for future prediction and prevention policies in the area.展开更多
In a comprehensive geochemical study,the genetic relationships among 14 samples of gas condensates from the Persian Gulf were investigated for the purpose of evaluating the respective source rocks in terms of both age...In a comprehensive geochemical study,the genetic relationships among 14 samples of gas condensates from the Persian Gulf were investigated for the purpose of evaluating the respective source rocks in terms of both age and sedimentary paleoenvironment.Chemometric analysis was used for categorization and determination of a certitude range to determine the genetic type of the condensate families in the studied basin.The samples were collected from Late Permian-Triassic reservoirs(Dalan and Kangan formations)located in 6 gasfields(gas condensate)hosting some of Iran’s most important gas/gas condensate reserves.Obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),a total of 16 biomarker parameters(10 maturity-related parameters and 6 sedimentary environment-related parameters)were used to evaluate the samples in terms of thermal maturity(and hence their positions in the maturity chart),the sedimentary environment of the source rock and the lithology.Application of Hierarchical Clustering Analysis(HCA)and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)to the collected data led to the categorization of the samples into three main genetic groups,Ⅰ-Ⅲ.GroupsⅠandⅢwere found to be located in the east and the west of the Persian Gulf,respectively,while GroupⅡwas developed between the two other groups.展开更多
The study area is located in the Fars area (Interior Fars sub-basin). This area, which is part of the Zagros fold-thrust belt, is located in Zagros simple folded sub zone. It is known as one of the most important regi...The study area is located in the Fars area (Interior Fars sub-basin). This area, which is part of the Zagros fold-thrust belt, is located in Zagros simple folded sub zone. It is known as one of the most important regions in the world Gas rich. In this area, anticlinal folds are a different orientation of such as the North Western-South Eastern, East-West and North Eastern-South Western. The Karbasi and Khaftar anticlines are case study anticlines in the interior Fars sub-basin (Fassa area). The anticlines in the Fars region, which are located in the Zagros fold-thrust belt, are valuable because they possess several hydrocarbons. The main aim of this paper is evaluation of hydrocarbon potential in the Jahrom area (Interior Fars) based on interpretation of the Isopach maps and well data. This paper presents part of the results of a regional study of the Coastal Fars area in the Zagros Simply folded belt, based on original fieldwork, satellite images, structural sections, geological maps and well data. In order to investigate of periods Nezamabad fault activity, Isopach maps of the study area has been prepared based on well drilling data and the thickness of the drilled formations. In this study utilizes the thickness of the drilled formations in the study area, for each sedimentary unit was carried out to prepare Isopach maps. The Isopach map prepared based on GIS software method and exploration well data. The Nezamabad fault has been lacked of activity at the deposition time of the Dalan, Kangan, Dashtak, Fahliyan, Gadvan, Dariyan, Kazhdomi, Sarvak, Gurpi and Pabdeh formations within the Khaftar and Karbasi anticline area. Accordingly, changes in basin floor, at the time of sedimentation these formations has not been affected by the Nezamabad fault. Probably the Nezamabad fault has been activated during deposition of the Surmeh, Hith, Laffan and Ilam formations and in this area paleo-basin has been controlled by this fault. In other words, it seems that, activity of the Nezamabad fault in this area have been limited to Jurassic and Cretaceous periods (Coniacian and Senomanian). This can means that in this periods time, the Nezamabad fault have been active sedimentation along with tectonic processes and activities affected on thickness of the Surmeh, Hith, Laffan and Ilam formations. Finally, it seems that the Nezamabad Fault activity has been affected on the source rock, reservoir rock and cap rock and then controlled distributing of hydrocarbon System of the study area in the Khaftar and Karbasi as anticlinal oil traps.展开更多
本文简要介绍"语篇关系结构分析框架理论"(the Framework for the Analysis of the Relational Structure of Texts,FARS)的7种修辞结构关系类型,并运用该模型对2段语篇进行分析。比较了两段语篇修辞关系运用的特点,发现语篇...本文简要介绍"语篇关系结构分析框架理论"(the Framework for the Analysis of the Relational Structure of Texts,FARS)的7种修辞结构关系类型,并运用该模型对2段语篇进行分析。比较了两段语篇修辞关系运用的特点,发现语篇一修辞手法运用灵活多样;而语篇二中部分修辞关系重复出现,过度使用某些直观形式标记。展开更多
Global images of auroras obtained by cameras on spacecraft are a key tool for studying the near-Earth environment.However,the cameras are sensitive not only to auroral emissions produced by precipitating particles,but...Global images of auroras obtained by cameras on spacecraft are a key tool for studying the near-Earth environment.However,the cameras are sensitive not only to auroral emissions produced by precipitating particles,but also to dayglow emissions produced by photoelectrons induced by sunlight.Nightglow emissions and scattered sunlight can contribute to the background signal.To fully utilize such images in space science,background contamination must be removed to isolate the auroral signal.Here we outline a data-driven approach to modeling the background intensity in multiple images by formulating linear inverse problems based on B-splines and spherical harmonics.The approach is robust,flexible,and iteratively deselects outliers,such as auroral emissions.The final model is smooth across the terminator and accounts for slow temporal variations and large-scale asymmetries in the dayglow.We demonstrate the model by using the three far ultraviolet cameras on the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration(IMAGE)mission.The method can be applied to historical missions and is relevant for upcoming missions,such as the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission.展开更多
妇科恶性肿瘤的发病率高,病因复杂,复发率也较高,对患者的身体和心理均造成严重影响。如何及时准确的评估疾病的预后,给予针对性的干预措施显得尤为重要。近年来,许多研究均表明炎症、营养状况与癌症的预后有关。纤维蛋白原与白蛋白比值...妇科恶性肿瘤的发病率高,病因复杂,复发率也较高,对患者的身体和心理均造成严重影响。如何及时准确的评估疾病的预后,给予针对性的干预措施显得尤为重要。近年来,许多研究均表明炎症、营养状况与癌症的预后有关。纤维蛋白原与白蛋白比值( fibrinogen to albumin ratio,FAR)较单一指标能更好的反映患者的炎症和营养状态,被用于多种疾病的预后评估。FAR是新发现的一种炎症指标,检测便利,成本低廉,可以为临床预后判断提供更多的参考。本文就FAR在妇科恶性肿瘤领域的研究进展予以综述。展开更多
Purpose: An analysis and identification of the hidden relationships between effective factors in the mortality rate caused by road accidents in Fars Province of Iran to prevent and reduce traffic accidents in the futu...Purpose: An analysis and identification of the hidden relationships between effective factors in the mortality rate caused by road accidents in Fars Province of Iran to prevent and reduce traffic accidents in the future. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to integrate all the pervious researches performed on mortality rate of road traffic accidents in Fars Province from March 21,2013 to March 20,2017. In order to reveal the relationships between the factors affecting mortality rates of road traffic accidents, the data regarding road traffic accidents extracted from resources such as Legal Medicine Organization, Traffic Police, Accident & Emergency Department, as well as Department of Roads and Urban Development of Fars Province, then cleaned and the applicable attributes embedded in the data all aggregated for further analysis. It should be noted that the data not related to Fars Province were deleted, the data analyzed, converted and the aggregation between various attributes identified. The aggregation between these different attributes as well as the FP-growth algorithm and two indexes of support and confidence calculated and interesting and effective rules extracted. In the end, several accident-p「ovoking factors, the degree of consecutive and interdepende nee of each one in road accide nts identified and in traduced. The statistical analysis was conducted by using Rapid Miner software. Results: Of the 6216 people dead due to road traffic accidents, 4865 (79.02%) were male and 1292 (20.98%) were female, 59 of them have no clear gender. The largest portion of people died of road traffic accidents belonged to married and self-employed men who collided with motorcycles in autumn. Moreover, young individuals (aged 19-40 years) w让h secondary educational level who died of accidents in summer at 12:00 a.m. and then 5:00 p.m. in outer city main roads of Kazerun-Shiraz, then Darab- Shiraz, Fasa-Darab and in within-city main streets had the highest mortality rates. Among women, the middle-aged group (aged 41-65 years) followed by young-aged group (aged 19-40 years) with elementary educational level and then illiterate accounted for the highest mortality rate of road traffic accidents. The automobiles involved in accidents included Pride, Peugeot 405, Peykan pickup, Sama nd, Peugeot Pars, other vehicles and motorcycles. Conclusion: The high mortality rate of illiterate and low-literate in various age groups indicates that educational level plays a crucial role as a factor in road accidents, requiring related organizations such as Traffic Police and Ministry of Education to take necessary measures and policies.展开更多
Objective To sort out the focus areas of FDA’s scientific supervision and to achieve corresponding results,so as to provide some suggestions for the scientific research and innovation of drug supervision in China.Met...Objective To sort out the focus areas of FDA’s scientific supervision and to achieve corresponding results,so as to provide some suggestions for the scientific research and innovation of drug supervision in China.Methods In-depth research was carried out in the fields of safety evaluation tools,clinical trial innovation,new methods of product quality evaluation,information science and so on.Results and Conclusion The research foundation of drug supervision related technology in China is weak,and a systematic supervision system has not been formed.Learning from the scientific experience of drug supervision in the United States,we can promote the development of the focus areas of drug supervision in China.Besides,we should improve the standard management ability while perfecting the regulations and standards system.Lastly,we should establish a system for government and industry-university-research to realize the full-cycle supervision of drugs.展开更多
Creation of arbitrary features with high resolution is critically important in the fabrication of nano-optoelectronic devices.Here,sub-50 nm surface structuring is achieved directly on Sb2S3 thin films via microsphere...Creation of arbitrary features with high resolution is critically important in the fabrication of nano-optoelectronic devices.Here,sub-50 nm surface structuring is achieved directly on Sb2S3 thin films via microsphere femtosecond laser irradi-ation in far field.By varying laser fluence and scanning speed,nano-feature sizes can be flexibly tuned.Such small patterns are attributed to the co-effect of microsphere focusing,two-photons absorption,top threshold effect,and high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser-induced incubation effect.The minimum feature size can be reduced down to~30 nm(λ/26)by manipulating film thickness.The fitting analysis between the ablation width and depth predicts that the feature size can be down to~15 nm at the film thickness of~10 nm.A nano-grating is fabricated,which demonstrates desirable beam diffraction performance.This nano-scale resolution would be highly attractive for next-generation laser nano-lithography in far field and in ambient air.展开更多
文摘Sequence stratigraphic evidences have been used in this research to investigate the stratigraphic correlation of cretaceous paleogene succession in Shiraz area, Fars, SW Iran. For this purpose, 4 stratigraphic sections have been chosen and provided. According to petrographic study and field evidences, 4 depositional sequences were identified including the Tarbur, Sachun and Jahrum formations in the east and the Gurpi, Pabadeh and Asmari formations in the west of study area. After identifying the boundaries and systems tract facies, it has been found that the mentioned formations have been deposited among the continuous/discontinuous boundaries in an equivalent manner. In this case, the purple shale (between the Gurpi and Pabdeh formations) could be considered equivalent to the upper part of the Sachun formation. From the point of Paleogeography, the plat-form sedimentary environment covered almost the whole area during the Oligo-Miocene age, so that the Asmari formation would have been deposited, which is marked by sharp contact as disconformity on Jahrum formation in the east of the basin and with continuous contact (C.C) on the Pabdeh formation in the west and southwest.
文摘Objective: To determine whether permutation scan statistics was more efficient in finding prospective spatial-temporal outbreaks for cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL) or for malaria in Fars province, Iran in 2016. Methods: Using time-series data including 29 177 CL cases recorded during 2010-2015 and 357 malaria cases recorded during 2010-2015, CL and malaria cases were predicted in 2016. Predicted cases were used to verify if they followed uniform distribution over time and space using space-time analysis. To testify the uniformity of distributions, permutation scan statistics was applied prospectively to detect statistically significant and non-significant outbreaks. Finally, the findings were compared to determine whether permutation scan statistics worked better for CL or for malaria in the area. Prospective permutation scan modeling was performed using SatScan software. Results: A total of 5 359 CL and 23 malaria cases were predicted in 2016 using time-series models. Applied timeseries models were well-fitted regarding auto correlation function, partial auto correlation function sample/model, and residual analysis criteria(Pv was set to 0.1). The results indicated two significant prospective spatial-temporal outbreaks for CL(P<0.5) including Most Likely Clusters, and one non-significant outbreak for malaria(P>0.5) in the area. Conclusions: Both CL and malaria follow a space-time trend in the area, but prospective permutation scan modeling works better for detecting CL spatial-temporal outbreaks. It is not far away from expectation since clusters are defined as accumulation of cases in specified times and places. Although this method seems to work better with finding the outbreaks of a high-frequency disease; i.e., CL, it is able to find non-significant outbreaks. This is clinically important for both high-and low-frequency infections; i.e., CL and malaria.
文摘Objective: To determine the endemic values of cutaneous leishmaniasis in different cities of Fars province, Iran. Methods: Totally, 29 201 cases registered from 2010 to 2015 in Iranian Fars province were selected, and the endemic values of cutaneous leishmaniasis were determined by retrospective clusters derived from spatiotemporal permutation modeling on a time-series design. The accuracy of the values was assessed using receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. SPSS version 22, Arc GIS, and ITSM 2002 software tools were used for analysis. Results: Nine statistically significant retrospective clusters(P<0.05) resulted in finding seven significant and accurate endemic values(P<0.1). These valid endemic scores were generalized to the other 18 cities based on 6 different climates in the province. Conclusions: Retrospectively detected clusters with the help of ROC curve analysis could help determine cutaneous leishmaniasis endemic values which are essential for future prediction and prevention policies in the area.
文摘In a comprehensive geochemical study,the genetic relationships among 14 samples of gas condensates from the Persian Gulf were investigated for the purpose of evaluating the respective source rocks in terms of both age and sedimentary paleoenvironment.Chemometric analysis was used for categorization and determination of a certitude range to determine the genetic type of the condensate families in the studied basin.The samples were collected from Late Permian-Triassic reservoirs(Dalan and Kangan formations)located in 6 gasfields(gas condensate)hosting some of Iran’s most important gas/gas condensate reserves.Obtained by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),a total of 16 biomarker parameters(10 maturity-related parameters and 6 sedimentary environment-related parameters)were used to evaluate the samples in terms of thermal maturity(and hence their positions in the maturity chart),the sedimentary environment of the source rock and the lithology.Application of Hierarchical Clustering Analysis(HCA)and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)to the collected data led to the categorization of the samples into three main genetic groups,Ⅰ-Ⅲ.GroupsⅠandⅢwere found to be located in the east and the west of the Persian Gulf,respectively,while GroupⅡwas developed between the two other groups.
文摘The study area is located in the Fars area (Interior Fars sub-basin). This area, which is part of the Zagros fold-thrust belt, is located in Zagros simple folded sub zone. It is known as one of the most important regions in the world Gas rich. In this area, anticlinal folds are a different orientation of such as the North Western-South Eastern, East-West and North Eastern-South Western. The Karbasi and Khaftar anticlines are case study anticlines in the interior Fars sub-basin (Fassa area). The anticlines in the Fars region, which are located in the Zagros fold-thrust belt, are valuable because they possess several hydrocarbons. The main aim of this paper is evaluation of hydrocarbon potential in the Jahrom area (Interior Fars) based on interpretation of the Isopach maps and well data. This paper presents part of the results of a regional study of the Coastal Fars area in the Zagros Simply folded belt, based on original fieldwork, satellite images, structural sections, geological maps and well data. In order to investigate of periods Nezamabad fault activity, Isopach maps of the study area has been prepared based on well drilling data and the thickness of the drilled formations. In this study utilizes the thickness of the drilled formations in the study area, for each sedimentary unit was carried out to prepare Isopach maps. The Isopach map prepared based on GIS software method and exploration well data. The Nezamabad fault has been lacked of activity at the deposition time of the Dalan, Kangan, Dashtak, Fahliyan, Gadvan, Dariyan, Kazhdomi, Sarvak, Gurpi and Pabdeh formations within the Khaftar and Karbasi anticline area. Accordingly, changes in basin floor, at the time of sedimentation these formations has not been affected by the Nezamabad fault. Probably the Nezamabad fault has been activated during deposition of the Surmeh, Hith, Laffan and Ilam formations and in this area paleo-basin has been controlled by this fault. In other words, it seems that, activity of the Nezamabad fault in this area have been limited to Jurassic and Cretaceous periods (Coniacian and Senomanian). This can means that in this periods time, the Nezamabad fault have been active sedimentation along with tectonic processes and activities affected on thickness of the Surmeh, Hith, Laffan and Ilam formations. Finally, it seems that the Nezamabad Fault activity has been affected on the source rock, reservoir rock and cap rock and then controlled distributing of hydrocarbon System of the study area in the Khaftar and Karbasi as anticlinal oil traps.
文摘本文简要介绍"语篇关系结构分析框架理论"(the Framework for the Analysis of the Relational Structure of Texts,FARS)的7种修辞结构关系类型,并运用该模型对2段语篇进行分析。比较了两段语篇修辞关系运用的特点,发现语篇一修辞手法运用灵活多样;而语篇二中部分修辞关系重复出现,过度使用某些直观形式标记。
基金supported by the Research Council of Norway under contracts 223252/F50 and 300844/F50the Trond Mohn Foundation。
文摘Global images of auroras obtained by cameras on spacecraft are a key tool for studying the near-Earth environment.However,the cameras are sensitive not only to auroral emissions produced by precipitating particles,but also to dayglow emissions produced by photoelectrons induced by sunlight.Nightglow emissions and scattered sunlight can contribute to the background signal.To fully utilize such images in space science,background contamination must be removed to isolate the auroral signal.Here we outline a data-driven approach to modeling the background intensity in multiple images by formulating linear inverse problems based on B-splines and spherical harmonics.The approach is robust,flexible,and iteratively deselects outliers,such as auroral emissions.The final model is smooth across the terminator and accounts for slow temporal variations and large-scale asymmetries in the dayglow.We demonstrate the model by using the three far ultraviolet cameras on the Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration(IMAGE)mission.The method can be applied to historical missions and is relevant for upcoming missions,such as the Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)mission.
文摘妇科恶性肿瘤的发病率高,病因复杂,复发率也较高,对患者的身体和心理均造成严重影响。如何及时准确的评估疾病的预后,给予针对性的干预措施显得尤为重要。近年来,许多研究均表明炎症、营养状况与癌症的预后有关。纤维蛋白原与白蛋白比值( fibrinogen to albumin ratio,FAR)较单一指标能更好的反映患者的炎症和营养状态,被用于多种疾病的预后评估。FAR是新发现的一种炎症指标,检测便利,成本低廉,可以为临床预后判断提供更多的参考。本文就FAR在妇科恶性肿瘤领域的研究进展予以综述。
文摘Purpose: An analysis and identification of the hidden relationships between effective factors in the mortality rate caused by road accidents in Fars Province of Iran to prevent and reduce traffic accidents in the future. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted to integrate all the pervious researches performed on mortality rate of road traffic accidents in Fars Province from March 21,2013 to March 20,2017. In order to reveal the relationships between the factors affecting mortality rates of road traffic accidents, the data regarding road traffic accidents extracted from resources such as Legal Medicine Organization, Traffic Police, Accident & Emergency Department, as well as Department of Roads and Urban Development of Fars Province, then cleaned and the applicable attributes embedded in the data all aggregated for further analysis. It should be noted that the data not related to Fars Province were deleted, the data analyzed, converted and the aggregation between various attributes identified. The aggregation between these different attributes as well as the FP-growth algorithm and two indexes of support and confidence calculated and interesting and effective rules extracted. In the end, several accident-p「ovoking factors, the degree of consecutive and interdepende nee of each one in road accide nts identified and in traduced. The statistical analysis was conducted by using Rapid Miner software. Results: Of the 6216 people dead due to road traffic accidents, 4865 (79.02%) were male and 1292 (20.98%) were female, 59 of them have no clear gender. The largest portion of people died of road traffic accidents belonged to married and self-employed men who collided with motorcycles in autumn. Moreover, young individuals (aged 19-40 years) w让h secondary educational level who died of accidents in summer at 12:00 a.m. and then 5:00 p.m. in outer city main roads of Kazerun-Shiraz, then Darab- Shiraz, Fasa-Darab and in within-city main streets had the highest mortality rates. Among women, the middle-aged group (aged 41-65 years) followed by young-aged group (aged 19-40 years) with elementary educational level and then illiterate accounted for the highest mortality rate of road traffic accidents. The automobiles involved in accidents included Pride, Peugeot 405, Peykan pickup, Sama nd, Peugeot Pars, other vehicles and motorcycles. Conclusion: The high mortality rate of illiterate and low-literate in various age groups indicates that educational level plays a crucial role as a factor in road accidents, requiring related organizations such as Traffic Police and Ministry of Education to take necessary measures and policies.
文摘Objective To sort out the focus areas of FDA’s scientific supervision and to achieve corresponding results,so as to provide some suggestions for the scientific research and innovation of drug supervision in China.Methods In-depth research was carried out in the fields of safety evaluation tools,clinical trial innovation,new methods of product quality evaluation,information science and so on.Results and Conclusion The research foundation of drug supervision related technology in China is weak,and a systematic supervision system has not been formed.Learning from the scientific experience of drug supervision in the United States,we can promote the development of the focus areas of drug supervision in China.Besides,we should improve the standard management ability while perfecting the regulations and standards system.Lastly,we should establish a system for government and industry-university-research to realize the full-cycle supervision of drugs.
基金This work is supported by Academic Research Fund Tier 2,Ministry of Education-Singapore(MOE2019-T2-2-147)T.C.acknowledges support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFA0709100,2020YFA0714504).
文摘Creation of arbitrary features with high resolution is critically important in the fabrication of nano-optoelectronic devices.Here,sub-50 nm surface structuring is achieved directly on Sb2S3 thin films via microsphere femtosecond laser irradi-ation in far field.By varying laser fluence and scanning speed,nano-feature sizes can be flexibly tuned.Such small patterns are attributed to the co-effect of microsphere focusing,two-photons absorption,top threshold effect,and high-repetition-rate femtosecond laser-induced incubation effect.The minimum feature size can be reduced down to~30 nm(λ/26)by manipulating film thickness.The fitting analysis between the ablation width and depth predicts that the feature size can be down to~15 nm at the film thickness of~10 nm.A nano-grating is fabricated,which demonstrates desirable beam diffraction performance.This nano-scale resolution would be highly attractive for next-generation laser nano-lithography in far field and in ambient air.