基于灰度均值的自适应FAST角点检测优化算法

光照不均、突变引起的灰度变化会影响图像特征检测效果。为此,设计一种基于灰度均值的自适应FAST-9-12角点检测算法。首先,利用特征点的延展性设计一种小面积双重检测模板,减少像素点与中心点的比较次数,提高区域正检率和检测速度;其次,依据图像局部灰度均值,在每个像素点检测模板内自适应调整阈值,避免灰度变化影响检测效果;最后,根据柔性非极大值抑制的思想设计角点半径抑制原则,筛选鲁棒性更强的角点。在Inria遥感影像数据集上的实验结果表明,FAST-9-12角点检测速度比FAST-12-16,FAST-9-16两种模板提高22%左右,因自适应阈值的提取方式不易受光照影响,检测准确率分别提高4.16和3.11个百分点,实现了图像特征快速和精准检测。

基于FAST和Sobol指数法的雷达系统效能敏感性分析

为了以较小的代价快速提升对空探测雷达系统的综合效能,首先搭建了对空探测雷达系统综合效能的评估指标体系,在此基础上完成了综合效能评估模型的建立。选择两种基于方差原理的全局敏感性分析方法,即傅里叶幅度敏感性测试(Fourier amplitudes sensitivity test,FAST)和Sobol指数法,分别从频域和时域对建立的评估模型进行敏感性分析。在基于FAST进行敏感性分析时,提出了21维输入指标所对应的特征频率集的选取方法;在基于Sobol指数法进行敏感性分析时,考虑了二阶及高阶敏感性指数的影响。对比FAST和Sobol指数法的分析结果,两种方法获得的敏感性分析结果具有较好的一致性。其中,功率和频率为对空探测雷达系统的主要影响指标,为雷达系统的研发和升级提供了可靠性依据。

CEEMD-FastICA-CWT联合瞬态响应阶次的电驱总成噪声源识别

以某增程式电驱动总成为研究对象,提出基于联合算法的噪声分离识别模型。首先,采用互补集合经验模态分解(complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition,CEEMD)联合快速独立分量分析(fast independent component analysis,FastICA)方法提取纯电模式稳态工况下单一通道噪声信号特征,利用复Morlet小波变换及FFT对各分量信号时频特性进行识别。其次,采用阶次分析法和声能叠加法对稳态分量信号对应的各瞬态响应阶次能量进行对比分析,并结合皮尔逊积矩相关系数(Pearson product moment correlation coefficient,PPMCC)相似性识别确定不同噪声激励源贡献度。结果表明:减速齿副啮合噪声对该增程式电驱总成纯电模式运行噪声整体贡献度最大。

基于DAN与FastText的藏文短文本分类研究

随着藏文信息不断融入社会生活,越来越多的藏文短文本数据存在网络平台上。针对传统分类方法在藏文短文本上分类性能低的问题,文中提出了一种基于DAN-FastText的藏文短文本分类模型。该模型使用FastText网络在较大规模的藏文语料上进行无监督训练获得预训练的藏文音节向量集,使用预训练的音节向量集将藏文短文本信息转化为音节向量,把音节向量送入DAN(Deep Averaging Networks)网络并在输出阶段融合经过FastText网络训练的句向量特征,最后通过全连接层和softmax层完成分类。在公开的TNCC(Tibetan News Classification Corpus)新闻标题数据集上所提模型的Macro-F1是64.53%,比目前最好评测结果TiBERT模型的Macro-F1得分高出2.81%,比GCN模型的Macro-F1得分高出6.14%,融合模型具有较好的藏文短文本分类效果。

基于FAST-FAHP理论的洗鞋机设计研究

为改善用户的脚部健康问题,探索彻底清洁鞋子的方法,提出一种FAHP(模糊层次分析法)和FAST(功能分析系统技术法)相结合的研究方法。首先,通过FAHP进行用户需求分析,创建模糊判断矩阵,求得权重值;其次,根据FAST将产品功能与用户需求相结合,创建功能树并进行功能分析;最后,将权重值和产品功能树相结合,设计出一款方便用户使用的鞋子清洗产品。整体上实现从需求到功能再到具体产品设计的理论探索,以及洗鞋机从原理、外观、结构等方面的可行性验证,完成从理论到实践的具体性要求。FAST-FAHP理论模式和产品具体设计的结合,有利于设计师在具体产品设计中针对大量的用户需求寻求设计侧重点,从而帮助设计师在实际设计中更加科学、有效地进行设计活动。

混合光谱曲线的Fast ICA盲源解混及影响因子研究

混合物高光谱分析是矿物无损检测的关键技术。文中将混合物350~2500 nm区间光谱反射率变化看作时域变化的一维序列信号,将混合物光谱分离转变为时域信号的盲源分离问题。为了分析混合光谱解混速度和准确度的影响因子,采用Fast ICA数学模型对混合物实测高光谱反射曲线进行了盲源解混试验,从解混过程的白化方式、初始权阵,源光谱高斯性3个方面分析了光谱解混的结果,为混合物光谱检测的后期分析提供了研究基础。选取化学纯氧化铜和氧化亚铜混合物、碱式碳酸铜和氢氧化铜混合物为试验对象,采用解混性能指数PI、光谱均方根误差和光谱角距离作为评价指标,开展了源光谱高斯性与g函数、ZCA和PCA白化方式、及单位权、随机权、指定权3种初始权对解混光谱结果影响的对比实验。实验结果表明:Fast ICA算法在未知混合矿物高光谱先验信息的基础上,能够有效分离出混合物组分源光谱,样本分离精度PI值均小于0.18,光谱盲源解混的效果显著。解混后光谱曲线与源光谱曲线在特征趋势上保持一致,具有相同的吸收位置和特征峰,但是存在一定尺度的差异。另外,源光谱的高斯性与解混g函数的选取会直接影响解混结果,亚高斯区间曲线分离精度优于超高斯部分。依据高斯性进行分段解混结果的吸收特征会更加突出,与源光谱反射率数值差异也随之增大;光谱预处理的白化方式会对解混结果精度产生微小影响,经过ZCA白化后解混结果的分离精度、光谱的准确度均略高于PCA白化;在Fast ICA模型3种初始权解混结果对比发现,以初次迭代结果计算的指定权进行迭代解混时,其分离精度、解混准确度及解混时间均为最佳,解混过程更易收敛。结果表明,根据全波段高斯性来选取g函数解混效果最优,分离指数PI小于0.14,光谱角距离在0.1左右,ZCA白化比PCA白化对解混光谱的影响更小,ZCA白化后的两组混合物解混的分离指数在0.1左右,而PCA白化的分离指数PI均高于0.13,当指定权作初始权时有助于提高牛顿迭代中收敛速度,使解混光谱更接近组分已知光谱,指定权的解混时间低于0.2 s,其他两种定权方式均在0.3 s以上。

基于FAST算法的核动力旋转机械故障诊断

基于FAST算法设计了核动力旋转机械故障诊断方法。提取候选区故障特征,在卷积层内输出候选区向量,通过计算图像尺寸得到候选区内故障特征函数值;基于FAST算法标记旋转机械故障点,对最大池化值与最小池化值进行计算,得到标准层的梯度收敛情况;设计了核动力旋转机械故障诊断算法,得到旋转机械故障诊断方法。对比4种不同旋转机械故障诊断方法的实验结果可知,针对6种不同的故障特征,基于FAST算法的核动力旋转机械故障诊断方法的对数似然率均为最大,诊断准确率更高。

基于Kano-FAST-E的鞋面压合机优化设计

目的降低鞋面压合机设备作业过程中的失误率、优化人机交互体验。方法基于Kano模型调研分析作业人员与企业经理对当前设备的使用感受及需求;利用FAST理论重新定义设备的功能区域并指导设计展开;基于人机工程学理论(E),对设计方案的功能布局和结构尺寸进行优化,提升人机操作效率;利用眼动试验对改进前后的功能布局进行对比分析验证,并借助李克特量表对设计方案进行用户满意度评价。结果完成鞋面压合机的优化设计实践,提升了设备的人机性能和用户满意度,有效提高了作业人员认读效率、减少视觉疲劳和错误操作。结论改进后的鞋面压合机赋予了工人更加安全、高效且人性化的操作模式,验证了Kano-FAST-E的设计策略对该设备的人机优化设计具有指导意义,也为同类设备的开发实践提供参考。

A review of salivary composition changes induced by fasting and its impact on health

Human saliva is an indispensable fluid that maintains a healthy oral cavity which otherwise can lead to oral diseases(dental caries and periodontitis).In addition,salivary metabolites and microbiome profile provide early detection of systemic diseases such as cancer and obesity.Salivary diagnostic has gained popularity due to its non-invasive sampling technique.Fasting(abstinence from food or drink or both)research for weight loss and improve health is common,but studies using fasting saliva are scarce.Some metabolites in fasting saliva have been reported with interesting results,which can be enhanced by considering different confounding factors.For example,fasting saliva contains higher salivary nitrite,which is related to nitric oxide(NO).NO is a vasodilator supporting the healthy function of endothelial cells and its deficiency is connected to many diseases.The timely supply of NO through exogenous and endogenous means is highlighted and the potential advantage of fasting salivary composition changes in relation to COVID-19 infection is speculated.This review aims to provide a general discussion on the salivary composition,properties,and functions of the whole saliva,including the health benefits of fasting.

Fast compressed sensing spectral measurement with adaptive gradient multiscale resolution

We propose a fast,adaptive multiscale resolution spectral measurement method based on compressed sensing.The method can apply variable measurement resolution over the entire spectral range to reduce the measurement time by over 75%compared to a global high-resolution measurement.Mimicking the characteristics of the human retina system,the resolution distribution follows the principle of gradually decreasing.The system allows the spectral peaks of interest to be captured dynamically or to be specified a priori by a user.The system was tested by measuring single and dual spectral peaks,and the results of spectral peaks are consistent with those of global high-resolution measurements.

Unraveling the Fundamental Mechanism of Interface Conductive Network Influence on the Fast‑Charging Performance of SiO‑Based Anode for Lithium‑Ion Batteries

Progress in the fast charging of high-capacity silicon monoxide(SiO)-based anode is currently hindered by insufficient conductivity and notable volume expansion.The construction of an interface conductive network effectively addresses the aforementioned problems;however,the impact of its quality on lithium-ion transfer and structure durability is yet to be explored.Herein,the influence of an interface conductive network on ionic transport and mechanical stability under fast charging is explored for the first time.2D modeling simulation and Cryo-transmission electron microscopy precisely reveal the mitigation of interface polarization owing to a higher fraction of conductive inorganic species formation in bilayer solid electrolyte interphase is mainly responsible for a linear decrease in ionic diffusion energy barrier.Furthermore,atomic force microscopy and Raman shift exhibit substantial stress dissipation generated by a complete conductive network,which is critical to the linear reduction of electrode residual stress.This study provides insights into the rational design of optimized interface SiO-based anodes with reinforced fast-charging performance.

A fast forward computational method for nuclear measurement using volumetric detection constraints

Owing to the complex lithology of unconventional reservoirs,field interpreters usually need to provide a basis for interpretation using logging simulation models.Among the various detection tools that use nuclear sources,the detector response can reflect various types of information of the medium.The Monte Carlo method is one of the primary methods used to obtain nuclear detection responses in complex environments.However,this requires a computational process with extensive random sampling,consumes considerable resources,and does not provide real-time response results.Therefore,a novel fast forward computational method(FFCM)for nuclear measurement that uses volumetric detection constraints to rapidly calculate the detector response in various complex environments is proposed.First,the data library required for the FFCM is built by collecting the detection volume,detector counts,and flux sensitivity functions through a Monte Carlo simulation.Then,based on perturbation theory and the Rytov approximation,a model for the detector response is derived using the flux sensitivity function method and a one-group diffusion model.The environmental perturbation is constrained to optimize the model according to the tool structure and the impact of the formation and borehole within the effective detection volume.Finally,the method is applied to a neutron porosity tool for verification.In various complex simulation environments,the maximum relative error between the calculated porosity results of Monte Carlo and FFCM was 6.80%,with a rootmean-square error of 0.62 p.u.In field well applications,the formation porosity model obtained using FFCM was in good agreement with the model obtained by interpreters,which demonstrates the validity and accuracy of the proposed method.

Dual-single-atoms of Pt-Co boost sulfur redox kinetics for ultrafast Li-S batteries

Applications of lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries are still limited by the sluggish conversion kinetics from polysulfide to Li_(2)S.Although various single-atom catalysts are available for improving the conversion kinetics,the sulfur redox kinetics for Li-S batteries is still not ultrafast.Herein,in this work,a catalyst with dual-single-atom Pt-Co embedded in N-doped carbon nanotubes(Pt&Co@NCNT)was proposed by the atomic layer deposition method to suppress the shuttle effect and synergistically improve the interconversion kinetics from polysulfides to Li_(2)S.The X-ray absorption near edge curves indicated the reversible conversion of Li_(2)Sx on the S/Pt&Co@NCNT electrode.Meanwhile,density functional theory demonstrated that the Pt&Co@NCNT promoted the free energy of the phase transition of sulfur species and reduced the oxidative decomposition energy of Li_(2)S.As a result,the batteries assembled with S/Pt&Co@NCNT electrodes exhibited a high capacity retention of 80%at 100 cycles at a current density of 1.3 mA cm^(−2)(S loading:2.5 mg cm^(−2)).More importantly,an excellent rate performance was achieved with a high capacity of 822.1 mAh g^(−1) at a high current density of 12.7 mA cm^(−2).This work opens a new direction to boost the sulfur redox kinetics for ultrafast Li-S batteries.

基于改进FAST的电力工程图纸识别与校核技术

针对人工评审电力施工图预算工程量过程中存在的耗时费力及准确性较低等问题,设计了一种基于改进FAST算法与VGG网络的工程图纸识别与数据校核模型。该模型针对传统FAST算法误判率高、抗噪声性能差等不足,提出了基于积分核的改进FAST算法,以降低角点检测误判率和检测时间。并采用VGG网络进行输入特征与图纸数据校核之间的关联分析,从而实现了电力工程图纸符号智能识别与电力工程量的智能校核。算例验证结果表明,所提IFAST-VGG算法对图纸识别与工程量校核的平均准确率分别为90.6%和91.6%,均高于其他对比算法,可以应用于实际工程中。

Multilevel carbon architecture of subnanoscopic silicon for fast‐charging high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries

Silicon(Si)is widely used as a lithium‐ion‐battery anode owing to its high capacity and abundant crustal reserves.However,large volume change upon cycling and poor conductivity of Si cause rapid capacity decay and poor fast‐charging capability limiting its commercial applications.Here,we propose a multilevel carbon architecture with vertical graphene sheets(VGSs)grown on surfaces of subnanoscopically and homogeneously dispersed Si–C composite nanospheres,which are subsequently embedded into a carbon matrix(C/VGSs@Si–C).Subnanoscopic C in the Si–C nanospheres,VGSs,and carbon matrix form a three‐dimensional conductive and robust network,which significantly improves the conductivity and suppresses the volume expansion of Si,thereby boosting charge transport and improving electrode stability.The VGSs with vast exposed edges considerably increase the contact area with the carbon matrix and supply directional transport channels through the entire material,which boosts charge transport.The carbon matrix encapsulates VGSs@Si–C to decrease the specific surface area and increase tap density,thus yielding high first Coulombic efficiency and electrode compaction density.Consequently,C/VGSs@Si–C delivers excellent Li‐ion storage performances under industrial electrode conditions.In particular,the full cells show high energy densities of 603.5 Wh kg^(−1)and 1685.5 Wh L^(−1)at 0.1 C and maintain 80.7%of the energy density at 3 C.

Mechanistic insights into fasting-induced autophagy in the aging heart

Autophagy is a prosurvival mechanism for the clearance of accumulated abnormal proteins,damaged organelles,and excessive lipids within mammalian cells.A growing body of data indicates that autophagy is reduced in aging cells.This reduction leads to various diseases,such as myocardial hypertrophy,infarction,and atherosclerosis.Recent studies in animal models of an aging heart showed that fasting-induced autophagy improved cardiac function and longevity.This improvement is related to autophagic clearance of damaged cellular components via either bulk or selective autophagy(such as mitophagy).In this editorial,we summarize the mechanisms of autophagy in normal and aging hearts.In addition,the protective effect of fasting-induced autophagy in cardiac aging has been highlighted.

The FAST Core Array

The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope(FAST)Core Array is a proposed extension of FAST,integrating 24 secondary 40-m antennas implanted within 5 km of the FAST site.This original array design will combine the unprecedented sensitivity of FAST with a high angular resolution(4.3"at a frequency of 1.4 GHz),thereby exceeding the capabilities at similar frequencies of next-generation arrays such as the Square Kilometre Array Phase 1 or the next-generation Very Large Array.This article presents the technical specifications of the FAST Core Array,evaluates its potential relatively to existing radio telescope arrays,and describes its expected scientific prospects.The proposed array will be equipped with technologically advanced backend devices,such as real-time signal processing systems.A phased array feed receiver will be mounted on FAST to improve the survey efficiency of the FAST Core Array,whose broad frequency coverage and large field of view(FOV)will be essential to study transient cosmic phenomena such as fast radio bursts and gravitational wave events,to conduct surveys and resolve structures in neutral hydrogen galaxies,to monitor or detect pulsars,and to investigate exoplanetary systems.Finally,the FAST Core Array can strengthen China's major role in the global radio astronomy community,owing to a wide range of potential scientific applications from cosmology to exoplanet science.

Improving path planning efficiency for underwater gravity-aided navigation based on a new depth sorting fast search algorithm

This study focuses on the improvement of path planning efficiency for underwater gravity-aided navigation.Firstly,a Depth Sorting Fast Search(DSFS)algorithm was proposed to improve the planning speed of the Quick Rapidly-exploring Random Trees*(Q-RRT*)algorithm.A cost inequality relationship between an ancestor and its descendants was derived,and the ancestors were filtered accordingly.Secondly,the underwater gravity-aided navigation path planning system was designed based on the DSFS algorithm,taking into account the fitness,safety,and asymptotic optimality of the routes,according to the gravity suitability distribution of the navigation space.Finally,experimental comparisons of the computing performance of the ChooseParent procedure,the Rewire procedure,and the combination of the two procedures for Q-RRT*and DSFS were conducted under the same planning environment and parameter conditions,respectively.The results showed that the computational efficiency of the DSFS algorithm was improved by about 1.2 times compared with the Q-RRT*algorithm while ensuring correct computational results.

市民对脑卒中FAST法则认知度的初步调查——以廊坊市为例

近年来脑血管发病逐渐年轻化,及时有效地判断卒中发生对于防治脑血管意外具有较好的效用。通过机构自拟以FAST法则为基础的调查问卷,采用线上、线下相结合方式进行调研,探究人们对FAST法则的了解及掌握程度。结果表明,廊坊市部分人的卒中知识掌握良好,但掌握不全面,相关内容繁杂不精简。小部分人对于卒中存在盲区,理解较为模糊,易导致疾病发生后产生不良后果,说明廊坊市部分城区卒中宣传成果良好,居民通过宣传、生活经验等熟悉卒中的发作情况与症状表现。部分机构及医疗卫生部门仍需加大宣传力度及科普程度,消灭盲区,增强人们对疾病的日常注意程度,学会自我防病。

An improved non-uniform fast Fourier transform method for radio imaging of coronal mass ejections

Radioheliographs can obtain solar images at high temporal and spatial resolution,with a high dynamic range.These are among the most important instruments for studying solar radio bursts,understanding solar eruption events,and conducting space weather forecasting.This study aims to explore the effective use of radioheliographs for solar observations,specifically for imaging coronal mass ejections(CME),to track their evolution and provide space weather warnings.We have developed an imaging simulation program based on the principle of aperture synthesis imaging,covering the entire data processing flow from antenna configuration to dirty map generation.For grid processing,we propose an improved non-uniform fast Fourier transform(NUFFT)method to provide superior image quality.Using simulated imaging of radio coronal mass ejections,we provide practical recommendations for the performance of radioheliographs.This study provides important support for the validation and calibration of radioheliograph data processing,and is expected to profoundly enhance our understanding of solar activities.