Specifications and Quality of Lube Oil Base Stocks in China

The Chinese standard Q/SHR001-95 for base stocks is compared with the APIspecifications. The viscosity-temperature characteristics of base stock required by lube oil in useand market demand on oil quality are analyzed. The quality indicators of base stocks in China andother countries are compared. A new classification of base stocks in response to the requirements ofmodern lube oil is proposed and the research on new technology to produce premium base stocksmeeting API specification is recommended on the basis of current base stock processing technology.

Research Status of Technical Specifications for Bioremediation of Shorelines Polluted by Spilling Oil

Bioremediation of shorelines polluted by spilling oil has no secondary pollution and saves manpower and material resources, so it has a wide market. Standardizing the operation methods and materials used of the technology can improve its efficiency. Therefore, the research process of technical specifications for bioremediation of shorelines polluted by spilling oil at home and abroad was expounded in this study.

Comparative advantages of chemical compositions of specific edible vegetable oils

As important supplementary to major edible oils, comparative chemical advantages of minor edible oils decidetheir development and usage. In this study, chemical composition of 13 kinds of specific edible vegetable oilswere investigated. The comparative advantages of chemical compositions of these edible oils were obtained asfollows: (1) camellia, tiger nut and almond oil were rich in oleic acid, the contents of which accounted for79.43%, 69.16% and 66.26%, respectively;(2) safflower oil contained the highest content of linoleic acid(76.69%), followed by grape seed (66.85%) and walnut oil (57.30%);(3) perilla seed, siritch, peony seed andherbaceous peony seed oil were rich in α-linolenic acid (59.61%, 43.74%, 40.83% and 30.84%, respectively);(4)the total phytosterol contents of these oils ranged from 91.46 mg/100 g (camellia oil) to 506.46 mg/100 g (siritchoil);and (5) The best source of tocopherols was sacha inchi oil (122.74 mg/100 g), followed by perilla seed oil(55.89 mg/100 g), peony seed oil (53.73 mg/100 g) and herbaceous peony seed oil (47.17 mg/100 g). Thecomparative advantages of these specific edible oils indicated that they possess the high potential nutritionalvalues and health care functions.

Development of a KASP Marker on Chromosome A05 for Seed Oil Content of Brassica napus

In order to identify the molecular markers that can be widely used in the breeding of Brassica napus L.varieties with high seed oil content under different genetic backgrounds,we developed a Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR(KASP)marker for seed oil content on the basis of the results from available studies.The verification in the F_(2) population showed that the marker was closely linked to the quantitative trait locus(QTL)for oil content on chromosome A05.The findings helped to breed the‘Fengyou’varieties with high seed oil content in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.

Oil-source rock correlation and quantitative assessment of Ordovician mixed oils in the Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin

The origin of the marine oils in the Tarim Basin has long been a disputed topic. A total of 58 DST （drill stem test） crude oil and 8 rock samples were investigated using a comprehensive geochemical method to characterize and identify the origin of the Ordovician oils in the Tazhong Uplift, Tarim Basin, northwest China. Detailed oil–oil and oil–source rock correlations show that the majority of the oils have typical biomarker characteristics of the Middle-Upper Ordovician （O2＋3） source rock and the related crude oil. These characteristics include a distinct ＂V-shaped＂ relative abundance of C27, C28 and C29 regular steranes, low abundance of dinosterane, 24-norcholestanes, triaromatic dinosteroids and gammacerane. Only a few oils display typical biomarker characteristics indicating the Cambrian–Lower Ordovician （∈-O1） genetic affinity, such as linear or anti ＂L＂ shape distribution of C27, C28 and C29 regular sterane, with relatively high concentrations of dinosterane, 24-norcholestanes, triaromatic dinosteroids and gammacerane. It appears that most of the Ordovician oils in the Tazhong Uplift were derived from the O2＋3 intervals, as suggested by previous studies. However, the compound specific n-alkane stable carbon isotope data indicate that the Ordovician oils are mixtures from both the ∈-O1 and O2＋3 source rocks rather than from the O2＋3 strata alone. It was calculated that the proportion of the∈-O1 genetic affinity oils mixed is about 10.8%-74.1%, with an increasing trend with increasing burial depth. This new oil-mixing model is critical for understanding hydrocarbon generation and accumulation mechanisms in the region, and may have important implications for further hydrocarbon exploration in the Tarim Basin.

Control of Tetranychus urticae Koch by extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus

Objective:To evaluate the acaricidal activity of extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptwi against Tetranychus urtiaie(T.urticae.)Koch.Methods:Extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus with different concentrations(0.5%,1.0%,2.0%,3.0%and 4.0%)were used to control T.urticae Koch.Results:The results showed that chamomile(Chamomilla recutita)represented the most potent efficient acaricidal agent against Tetranychus followed by marjoram(Marjorana hortensis)and Eucalyptus.The LC_(50)values of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus for adults were 0.65,1.84 and 2.18,respectively and for eggs 1.17,6.26 and 7.33,respectively.Activities of enzymes including glutathione-Stxansferase,esterase(α-esterase andβ-esterase)and alkaline phosphatase in susceptible mites were determined and activities of enzymes involved in the resistance of acaricides were proved.Protease enzyme was significantly decreased at LC_(50)of both chamomile and marjoram compared with positive control.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer(CC-MS)proved that the major compositions of Chamomilla recutita areα-bisabolol oxide A(35.251%),and trans-3-farersene(7.758%),while the main components of Marjorana hortensis are terpincne-4-ol(23.860%),p-cymene(23.404%)and sabinene(10.904%).Conclusions:It can be concluded that extracts of three essential oils of chamomile,marjoram and Eucalyptus possess acaricidal activity against T.urticae.

Origin of Crude Oil in the Lunnan Region,Tarim Basin

The oil source of the Tarim Basin has been controversial over a long time. This study characterizes the crude oil and investigates the oil sources in the Lunnan region, Tarim Basin by adopting compound specific isotopes of n-alkanes and biomarkers approaches. Although the crude oil has a good correlation with the Middle-Upper Ordovician （02＋3） source rocks and a poor correlation with the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician （C-O1） based on biomarkers, the ~3C data of n-alkanes of the Lunnan oils show an intermediate value between C-O1 and 02＋3 genetic affinity oils, which suggests that the Lunnan oils are actually of an extensively mixed source. A quantification of oil mixing was performed and the results show that the contribution of the Cambrian-Lower Ordovician source rocks ranges from 11% to 70% （averaging 36%）, slightly less than that of the Tazhong uplift. It is suggested that the inconsistency between the biomarkers and od3C in determining the oil sources in the Lunnan Region results from multiple petroleum charge episodes with different chemical components in one or more episode（s） and different sources. The widespread marine mixed-source oil in the basin indicates that significant petroleum potential in deep horizons is possible. To unravel hydrocarbons accumulation mechanisms for the Lunnan oils is crucial to further petroleum exploration and exploitation in the region.

A review of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation in oil and gas well drilling

The prospect of employing Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation(LASER) for well drilling in oil and gas industry was examined.In this work,the experimental works carried out on various oil well drilling operations was discussed.The results show that,LASER or LASER-aided oil and gas well drilling has many potential advantages over conventional rotary drilling,including high penetration rate,reduction or elimination of tripping,casing,bit costs,enhanced well control,as well as perforating and side-tracking capabilities.The investigation also reveals that modern infrared LASERs have a higher rate of rock cuttings removal than that of conventional rotary drilling and flame-jet spallation.It also reveals that LASER can destroy rock without damaging formation permeability but rather,it enhances or improves permeability and that permeability and porosity increases in all rock types.The paper has therefore provided more knowledge on the potential value to drilling operations and techniques using LASER.

Spillover and quantile linkage between oil price shocks and stock returns: new evidence from G7 countries

The link between crude oil price and stock returns of the Group of Seven(G7)countries(Canada,France,Germany,Italy,Japan,the United Kingdom,and the United States)was analyzed in this study using monthly data from January 1999 to March 2020.We adopt a similar approach to Kilian(Am Econ Rev 99(3):1053–1069,2009)and construct a structural vector autoregression framework to decompose crude oil price shocks into oil supply shock,oil aggregate demand shock,and oil-specific demand shock.We then explore the distinct effects of different kinds of oil price shocks from various sources.Based on the decomposed oil price shocks,we apply the connectedness approach and QQ regression to find time-varying co-movements and tail dependence between oil price shocks and G7 stock returns.There is no general correlation between the decomposed oil prices and stock returns in these countries.The effects of oil price shocks on stock returns across different stock market conditions appear to be heterogeneous.Oil supply shock appears to be a net transmitter of spillover effects for all G7 countries within the sample period.

Optimization of Rubber Seed Oil Transesterification to Biodiesel Using Experimental Designs and Artificial Neural Networks

The development of biofuels is driven both by concern about the greenhouse effect and by interest in the opportunities for exploitation of biomass of agricultural origin. In order to improve the yield and quality of biodiesel through modeling and optimization, several studies are in progress. In this paper, biodiesel produced from rubber seed oil in the homogeneous transesterification is studied using a Plackett-Burman experimental design, a full factorial design, a central composite design and an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) coupled with a Genetic Algorithm (GA).Variables such as temperature, stirring speed, reaction time, type of alcohol, and type of catalyst are studied to obtain the best specific gravity and kinematic viscosity. Type of alcohol and type of catalyst have the greatest effect on the two responses, with ethanol (alcohol) and sulphuric acid (catalyst) producing the best results. The specific gravity and kinematic viscosity changes recorded during the transesterification process followed the first and second order polynomial models, respectively. The ANN coupled with GA was used to optimize the two responses simultaneously. Global optimal values of specific gravity (0.883) and kinematic viscosity (6.76 cSt) were recorded when a temperature of 90°C, a stirring speed of 305 rpm, and a treatment time of 141 min were imposed.

世界一流油公司的开发管理体系与启示

近年来,中国石油企业积极参与国际油气项目合作,与世界一流油公司展开竞争与合作,展示了技术实力,积累了丰富经验。文章研究分析世界一流油公司的先进管理案例,系统总结一流平台在方案设计体系、实施保障体系、科技与人才支撑体系及标准规范体系建设方面的有力措施。方案设计体系建设包括对方案层级、模型迭代和先导试验的管理,实施保障体系建设包括对数据质量、审查机制和油藏健康的优化,科技与人才支撑体系建设包括对数据共享、技术创新和人才培养的完善,标准规范体系包括对管理标准、实施标准和技术标准的建设。建议我国油公司借鉴世界一流油公司先进管理经验,建立适合自身的开发管理体系,通过“1+4+5”的管理框架,建立以开发方案为核心的组织管理体系;通过“1+6+3”的执行方式,形成以油藏模型为核心的方案编制模式,促进企业快速成长为世界一流企业。

中国工业经济增长为何独立于国际油价波动?——基于油价波动来源和行业异质性的考察

国际油价波动是多种冲击(原油供给冲击、经济总需求冲击、特定性需求冲击)共同作用的结果,而不同冲击对中国工业产出增长的影响不同,且对不同工业行业的影响也不同,使得中国工业产出增长可能与国际油价波动同向变动或反向变动或没有相关性,由此产生中国工业产出增长独立于国际油价波动的现象。使用1998年7月至2023年9月的月度数据,运用SVAR模型,采用工具变量与符号约束相结合的识别方法,分析发现:不同冲击对国际油价的影响不同,原油供给冲击对中国工业产出增长的影响最大,3种冲击对中国工业产出增长的影响方向可能相反,原油供给冲击对低研发投入和中研发投入行业产出增长的影响较大,对高研发投入行业的影响较小,表明技术进步能够缓解国际油价波动对产出增长的冲击,经济总需求冲击和特定性需求冲击对高、低、中研发投入行业的影响依次减弱。因此,面对国际油价波动,应避免市场恐慌,坚持中国特色新型工业化的实践逻辑,并加强科技创新对经济发展的稳定作用。

绝缘纸在矿物油与菜籽油基天然酯中的加速热老化特性分析

天然酯较矿物绝缘油具有燃点高、可降解性好并且能延缓绝缘纸热老化速率等优点,作为提升变压器寿命或短时过载能力的液体绝缘介质正受到广泛关注。本文选取我国食用油中占比较大的菜籽油作为基油制备天然酯绝缘液,通过试验比较不同含水量绝缘纸在菜籽油基天然酯和矿物油中的加速热老化特性,并研究了氧气对绝缘纸在两种不同绝缘液中的加速热老化特性的影响。结果表明:在相同温度下,含水量是影响绝缘纸热老化速率的主要因素,氧气会降低菜籽油基天然酯对低含水量绝缘纸热老化速率的抑制作用。结合绝缘纸在绝缘液热老化过程中比强度与聚合度的实测数据,导出得到考虑含水量和氧气影响的绝缘纸纤维素分解反应数学模型,应用该模型可以对绝缘纸在绝缘液中的热老化过程和寿命进行预测。

中国石油精细油藏描述技术新进展与展望

精细油藏描述研究是油田开发基础工作之一,其研究精度的不断提高,极大地促进了油田开发水平的提升。“十二五”和“十三五”期间,中国石油精细油藏描述研究针对多层砂岩油藏、复杂断块油藏、低渗透砂岩油藏、砾岩油藏、稠油油藏、特殊岩性油藏分别开展了技术攻关,形成了不同类型油藏配套技术系列。为了支撑剩余经济可采储量(SEC)储采平衡、老油田“压舱石”、采收率再提高、页岩油革命等“四大工程”,系统梳理中国石油精细油藏描述研究在5个方面的最新进展,分别是井震结合构造精细解释技术实现低级序断层定量描述,基于储层构型研究的单砂体刻画技术实现米级砂体描述预测,室内实验、数字岩心、物理模拟和数值模拟等方法技术实现综合剩余油表征,精细油藏描述成果平台建设实现研究过程协同共享和成果规范化存储管理,建章立制制定系列标准规范实现精细油藏描述研究规范化。通过系统总结精细油藏描述存在的8个方面问题,提出精细油藏描述的发展方向。

多种油脂肪乳对癌症患者术后非特异性炎症、肝肾功能和营养状态的影响

目的探讨多种油脂肪乳(SMOF)对癌症患者术后非特异性炎症、肝肾功能和营养状态的影响,指导临床合理应用。方法回顾性纳入某院2020年1月1日至2023年5月31日使用SMOF和中长链脂肪乳(MCT/LCT)的患者,根据脂肪乳剂的种类分为SMOF组(试验组,n=47)和MCT/LCT组(对照组,n=79),记录两组患者非特异性炎症、肝肾功能和营养指标的变化。结果重复测量方差分析结果显示,在不限年龄的癌症组中,两组患者的CRP、WBC、TBIL、TP的时间效应和组间效应差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),ALB的时间效应差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组治疗后7日CRP水平低于对照组,治疗后3日和治疗后7日WBC水平低于对照组,TBIL上升的幅度小于对照组,TP水平显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其他指标差异无统计学意义。在老年癌症组中,两组患者的CRP、WBC、TBIL、TP的时间效应和组间效应差异显著(P<0.05),ALB的时间效应差异显著(P<0.05);试验组治疗后3日和治疗后7日CRP、WBC水平低于对照组,TP水平显著高于对照组;试验组治疗后3日TBIL上升的幅度小于对照组(P<0.05),其他指标差异无统计学意义。结论与MCT/LCT相比,SMOF应用于癌症患者术后包括老年癌症患者术后均有减轻炎症反应、保护患者肝脏功能和改善患者营养状态的作用,并且安全,在营养治疗方面有优势。

ILSAC GF-7发动机油规格分析

目前汽车工业高度重视节能与环保,因此发动机油也必须适应相关要求。全球各个组织提出了不同的发动机油规格,并根据发动机技术的发展不断修订。国际润滑剂标准化和批准委员会(ILSAC)提出的GF-7规格将于2025年1季度正式实施,针对其主要修订内容进行讨论分析。与GF-6规格相比,GF-7规格对发动机油的部分理化性能指标进行加严,同时对橡胶相容性,燃油经济性,高温氧化性,正时链条防护等性能提出了更高的要求,还增加了老化油的低速早燃(LSPI)评估项目。本次ILSACGF-7规格的更新将为发动机油的开发带来全新的机遇与挑战。

混合动力专用变速器效率优化研究

混合动力技术目前汽车实现立竿见影节能减排效果的有效对策,而混合动力专用变速器是混合动力汽车(含插电式)的关键核心部件,直接影响整车能耗,因此效率优化和提升是混合动力专用变速器开发的重要课题。针对这一课题,基于混合动力专用变速器高度集成机械传动、电机、电机控制器和多驱动多模式的特性,从传动损耗、润滑油黏度、电机系统零扭补偿控制3个方面,通过理论分析和试验相结合进行研究。首先分析混合动力专用变速器传动损耗占比分布,进而得出效率优化的方向并试验验证优化效果;分析不同黏度油品对混合动力专用变速器系统效率的影响,并设定实际使用典型工况进行测试验证;对混合动力专用变速器直驱工况下电机控制进行分析和测试,揭示电机零扭状态下不同控制策略对系统效率的影响;为混合动力专用变速器实际开发过程的效率提升提供参考和依据。

不同条件下的索式抽提试验对玩具中特定元素迁移结果的影响分析

玩具样品特定元素的迁移是模拟样品在吞咽后与胃酸持续接触一段时间的条件下,从玩具样品中抽提出的特定元素。国家标准GB 6675.4—2014及欧盟标准BS EN71-3:2019+A1:2021规定了检测方法和限值,对于含油、油脂或蜡的玩具样品,在模拟测试前,国家标准中规定应将该样品包在滤纸中,使用正庚烷将上述成分去除;在欧盟标准中则规定,将该样品包在滤纸中,加入合适体积的异辛烷,保证回流时间不少于60 min,回流次数不少于10次,若上述操作完成,样品依然残留油、油脂或蜡,应继续抽提直至完全去除。本文研究了不同试剂、不同抽提时间、不同体积索式抽提装置的除油效果,在满足国家标准及欧盟标准中对特定元素迁移要求的同时,为玩具样品中的油、油脂或蜡的去除提供了一种快速有效的方法。

热油柱成型法制备高强度球形氧化铝载体研究

针对传统热油柱成型工艺制备的球形氧化铝载体强度偏低、比表面积偏低、孔结构弥散等问题,考察了在铝溶胶合成阶段添加柠檬酸,在老化阶段添加醇类助剂和改变老化条件,在焙烧阶段改变焙烧温度对球形氧化铝物化性能的影响规律。结果表明:柠檬酸的加入可提高氧化铝载体的抗压碎强度和比表面积,孔径分布更加集中;在载体堆密度和孔结构性能满足要求的前提下,在老化阶段添加适量丙三醇,适当降低老化温度和缩短老化时间,适当调整焙烧温度,可有效提高载体的抗压碎强度。经优化工艺条件,该方法可制备出抗压碎强度大于60 N/颗,比表面积大于100 m^(2)/g,比孔容接近0.70 cm^(3)/g的δ/θ–Al_(2)O_(3)载体。

钢铁行业设备润滑管理提质研究

福建某钢厂设备润滑管理经过了前期粗放型生产管理,逐步发展为现阶段的精细化管理。主要工作包括:通过对在用润滑油/脂进行优化整合,合理简化品种;全面梳理设备润滑问题,建立设备润滑台账;建立设备润滑规范和标准;建立检测实验室并进行油液检测;外聘专业的设备润滑管理团队等。基于此,极大提升了该钢厂设备润滑管理的效率和能力,降低了吨钢油耗,降低了设备故障率。计划进一步开展设备润滑数字化平台管理,引入在线油液监测、设备维护及润滑外包等工作。