基于AHP-FCA的新能源游船休闲舱室布局评价研究

为了合理评价新能源游船休闲舱室的布局设计并筛选出最优布局方案。建立了基于层次分析法(AHP)和模糊综合评价法(FCA)相结合的评价模型。以新能源游船休闲舱室布局设计评估作为切入点,详细阐述评价指标体系、 AHP权重分析以及FCA评估决策流程,并应用于新能源游船实例分析中。通过对理论阐述和实例评估,验证该评价流程客观准确,为后期休闲舱室布局和优化提供了量化分析参考。

Shikimic acid accelerates phase change and flowering in Chinese jujube

The juvenile-to-adult phase change with first flowering as the indicator plays a crucial role in the lifecycle of fruit trees. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying phase change in fruit trees remain largely unknown. Shikimic acid (ShA) pathway is a main metabolic pathway closely related to the synthesis of hormones and many important secondary metabolites participating in plant phase change. So,whether ShA regulates phase change in plants is worth clarifying. Here, the distinct morphological characteristics and the underlying mechanisms of phase change in jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), an important fruit tree native to China with nutritious fruit and outstanding tolerance abiotic stresses, were clarified. A combined transcriptome and metabolome analysis found that ShA is positively involved in jujube(Yuhong’×Xing 16’) phase change. The genes in the upstream of ShA synthesis pathway (ZjDAHPS, ZjDHQS and ZjSDH), the contents of ShA and the downstream secondary metabolites like phenols were significantly upregulated in the phase change period. Further, the treatment of spraying exogenous ShA verified that ShA at a very low concentration (60 mg·L^(-1)) can substantially speed up the phase change and flowering of jujube and other tested plants including Arabidopsis, tomato and wheat. The exogenous ShA (60 mg·L^(-1)) treatment in jujube seedlings could increase the accumulation of endogenous ShA, enhance leaf photosynthesis and the synthesis of phenols especially flavonoids and phenolic acids, and promote the expression of genes (ZjCOs, ZjNFYs and ZjPHYs) involved in flowering pathway. Basing on above results, we put forward a propose for the underlying mechanism of ShA regulating phase change, and a hypothesis that ShA could be considered a phytohormone-like substance because it is endogenous, ubiquitous, movable and highly efficient at very low concentrations. This study highlights the critical role of ShA in plant phase change and its phytohormone-like properties.

超效率DEA+FCA模型在工程项目评标中的应用

评标办法是否科学合理关系着招投标交易的结果和后续的工程建设,而目前现行的评标办法指标权重的确定包含着大量的人为经验因素,缺乏严谨的数学模型。将超效率DEA方法引入到工程项目评标中,结合模糊综合评价方法对定性指标进行量化,不仅能够克服现行评标办法中的人为因素缺陷,而且可以对各投标单位投入产出效率值进行直接排序,更科学地向建设单位推荐出中标者。经过实证,超效率DEA+FCA评标模型科学合理、方便快捷、公平有效。

Biology of Flowering of Some Species of the Genus Phlomoides Moench

The article presents the biology of flowering and the daily dynamics of flowering of two species from the Lamiaceae family: ph. anisochila va ph. sogdiana of the distribution out in the Nuratau Mountains range.

J-family genes redundantly regulate flowering time and increase yield in soybean

Soybean(Glycine max)is a short-day crop whose flowering time is regulated by photoperiod.The longjuvenile trait extends its vegetative phase and increases yield under short-day conditions.Natural variation in J,the major locus controlling this trait,modulates flowering time.We report that the three J-family genes influence soybean flowering time,with the triple mutant Guangzhou Mammoth-2 flowering late under short days by inhibiting transcription of E1-family genes.J-family genes offer promising allelic combinations for breeding.

Molecular mechanism of flowering time regulation in Brassica rapa:similarities and differences with Arabidopsis

Properly regulated flowering time is pivotal for successful plant reproduction.The floral transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth is regulated by a complex gene regulatory network that integrates environmental signals and internal conditions to ensure that flowering takes place under favorable conditions.Brassica rapa is a diploid Cruciferae species that includes several varieties that are cultivated as vegetable or oil crops.Flowering time is one of the most important agricultural traits of B.rapa crops because of its influence on yield and quality.The transition to flowering in B.rapa is regulated by several environmental and developmental cues,which are perceived by several signaling pathways,including the vernalization pathway,the autonomous pathway,the circadian clock,the thermosensory pathway,and gibberellin(GA)signaling.These signals are integrated to control the expression of floral integrators BrFTs and BrSOC1s to regulate flowering.In this review,we summarized current research advances on the molecular mechanisms that govern flowering time regulation in B.rapa and compare this to what is known in Arabidopsis.

CmbHLH110,a novel bHLH transcription factor,accelerates flowering in chrysanthemum

Basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor gene family in plants controls various growth and development aspects;however,the actual roles of these genes in flowering plants are not well known.In this study,a novel bHLH protein CmbHLH110 was found to interact with CmERF110 by in vitro and in vivo experiments,a chrysanthemum ERF110 homolog that acts as a positive flowering regulator.In addition,CmbHLH110 was also found to regulate the flowering of chrysanthemums,overexpression of CmbHLH110 causes chrysanthemums to flower earlier,and suppressed CmbHLH110 leads to delayed flowering.Furthermore,the loss-of-function Arabidopsis mutant of its homologue PERICYCLE FACTOR TYPE-A 5(PFA5)had a noticeable late flowering phenotype,and CmbHLH110 completely complemented the late flowering phenotype of the pfa5 mutant,whereas heterologous overexpression of CmbHLH110 in Arabidopsis Col-0 caused early flowering.Transcriptome sequencing revealed significant differential expression of flowering-related and circadian clock-related genes in transgenic chrysanthemum.Therefore,we concluded that CmbHLH110,as a novel flowering regulator,could interact with CmERF110 to regulate flowering in chrysanthemum.

GmAP1d regulates flowering time under long-day photoperiods in soybean

Flowering time is important for adaptation of soybean(Glycine max)to different environments.Here,we conducted a genome-wide association study of flowering time using a panel of 1490 cultivated soybean accessions.We identified three strong signals at the qFT02-2 locus(Chr02:12037319–12238569),which were associated with flowering time in three environments:Gongzhuling,Mengcheng,and Nanchang.By analyzing linkage disequilibrium,gene expression patterns,gene annotation,and the diversity of variants,we identified an AP1 homolog as the candidate gene for the qFT02-2 locus,which we named GmAP1d.Only one nonsynonymous polymorphism existed among 1490 soybean accessions at position Chr02:12087053.Accessions carrying the Chr02:12087053-T allele flowered significantly earlier than those carrying the Chr02:12087053-A allele.Thus,we developed a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence(CAPS)marker for the SNP at Chr02:12087053,which is suitable for marker-assisted breeding of flowering time.Knockout of GmAP1d in the‘Williams 82’background by gene editing promoted flowering under long-day conditions,confirming that GmAP1d is the causal gene for qFT02-2.An analysis of the region surrounding GmAP1d revealed that GmAP1d was artificially selected during the genetic improvement of soybean.Through stepwise selection,the proportion of modern cultivars carrying the Chr02:12087053-T allele has increased,and this allele has become nearly fixed(95%)in northern China.These findings provide a theoretical basis for better understanding the molecular regulatory mechanism of flowering time in soybean and a target gene that can be used for breeding modern soybean cultivars adapted to different latitudes.

The mid-domain effect in flowering phenology

The timing of flowering is an important driver of species distribution and community assembly patterns.However,we still have much to learn about the factors that shape flowering diversity(i.e.,number of species flowering per period) in plant communities.One potential explanation of flowering diversity is the mid-domain effect,which states that geometric constraints on species ranges within a bounded domain(space or time) will yield a mid-domain peak in diversity regardless of ecological factors.Here,we determine whether the mid-domain effect explains peak flowering time(i.e.,when most species of communities are flowering) across China.We used phenological data of 16,267 herbaceous and woody species from the provincial Flora in China and species distribution data from the Chinese Vascular Plant Distribution Database to determine relationships between the observed number of species flowering and the number of species flowering as predicted by the mid-domain effect model,as well as between three climatic variables(mean minimum monthly temperature,mean monthly precipitation,and mean monthly sunshine duration).We found that the mid-domain effect explained a significant proportion of the temporal variation in flowering diversity across all species in China.Further,the mid-domain effect explained a greater proportion of variance in flowering diversity at higher latitudes than at lower latitudes.The patterns of flowering diversity for both herbaceous and woody species were related to both the mid-domain effect and environmental variables.Our findings indicate that including geometric constraints in conjunction with abiotic and biotic predictors will improve predictions of flowering diversity patterns.

Analysis on Genetic Diversity of 40 Flowering Cherry Cultivars and Construction of Molecular ID Based on SSR Markers

Studying on the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of flowering cherry cultivars is extremely important for germplasm conservation, cultivar identification and breeding. Flowering cherry is widely cultivated as an important woody ornamental plant in worldwide, especially Japan, China. However, owning to the morphological similarity, many cultivars are distinguished hardly in non-flowering season. Here, we evaluated the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 40 flowering cherry cultivars, which are mainly cultivated in China. We selected 13 polymorphicprimers to amplify to allele fragments with fluorescent-labeled capillary electrophoresis technology. The population structure analysis results show that these cultivars could be divided into 4 subpopulations. At the population level, Na and Ne were 6.062, 4.326, respectively. Ho and He were 0.458 and 0.670, respectively. The Shannon’s information index (I) was 1.417. The Pop3, which originated from P. serrulata, had the highest Ho, He, and I among the 4 subpopulations. AMOVA showed that only 4% of genetic variation came from populations, the 39% variation came from individuals and 57% (p < 0.05) came from intra-individuals. 5 polymorphic SSR primers were selected to construct molecular ID code system of these cultivars. This analysis on the genetic diversity and relationship of the 40 flowering cherry cultivars will help to insight into the genetic background, relationship of these flowering cherry cultivars and promote to identify similar cultivars.

Evaluation of Application Value of 30 Introduced Flowering Shrubs in Landscape in Hefei City Based on AHP Method

The application effect of 30 introduced flowering shrubs in landscape in Hefei City was comprehensively evaluated by the analytic hierarchy process(APH).A comprehensive evaluation model was established by using factors such as plant type,resistance and drought tolerance of introduced flowering shrubs.The results show that the application effect of grade-I introduced flowering shrubs(including 12 kinds,e.g.Lantanacamara)was the best(j≥2.6),and that of grade-II introduced flowering shrubs(including 14 kinds,e.g.Abelia×grandiflora‘Francis Mason’)was better(2.2≤j<2.6),while that of grade-III introduced flowering shrubs(including 4 kinds,e.g.Ligustrum×vicaryi)was moderate(j<2.2).The evaluation results can provide reference for the application effect of introduced flowering shrubs in landscape in Hefei City.

油茶花苞采集机械手的设计与试验

丘陵地区油茶林地众多,油茶花苞采集暂无机械化设备,故设计了一款六自由度的油茶花苞采集机械手。通过油茶花苞生物学特性分析,使用旋扭式末端执行器可以实现油茶花苞的高效采集,采净率为90%。通过机械手工作空间分析,确定了机械手的尺寸,并将末端执行器搭载到机械手上进行了油茶林田间试验。试验结果表明:搭载了旋扭式末端执行器六自由度机械手,可以到达采摘区间的边界位置,末端在x、y、z方向的最大偏差分别为3.4、3.3、3.4 cm,为油茶花苞智能化采集提供了依据。

橡胶树HbFCA启动子的克隆及其在橡胶树中的表达分析

FCA(Flowering control locus A)基因是自主开花调控途径中的关键调控基因之一,同时,FCA功能具有多样性。本研究中,利用TAIL-PCR方法获得2 039 bp橡胶树FCA基因的启动子序列,生物信息学分析发现该启动子中具有28种顺式调控元件,其中主要为基因表达调控核心元件(TAAT-box和CAAT-box)和光响应调控元件。此外,还含有激素、胁迫信号和光周期的顺式作用元件。同时,将橡胶树FCA启动子与GUS基因融合构建植物表达载体转化橡胶树,发现在胚状体、叶片和树根中GUS基因均强烈表达,但在茎段中表达较弱,说明橡胶树FCA基因除参与开花调控外,还可能参与多种发育过程的调控。本研究获得的HbFCA启动子转化橡胶树植株为进一步分析HbFCA基因功能及表达调控模式提供了遗传材料。

FCA与本体结合研究的综述

本文对近年内形式概念分析(Formal Concept Analysis,FCA)与本体(Ontology)的结合研究进行综述,基于具体的应用来描述它们结合的方式。FCA 和本体是两种形式化方法,FCA 和本体的目标都是构建概念的模型,它们各有特点,本文从应用的角度讨论两种工具如何相互补充,描述了 FCA 怎样支持本体工程和本体如何改善 FCA 的应用。

一种基于FCA的面向关系数据库的本体学习方法

从已有的数据模型中进行语义提取,经过一定的规则映射生成本体的过程称为本体学习。关系数据库模型是当前数据的存取与组织的主要模型,从中学习得到本体,一直是本体工程领域研究的热点之一。利用手工定义的E-R模型到本体的映射规则来完成本体的构建,是国内外大部分学者采用的方法。但这样获得的本体概念层次关系主观依赖性强,不利于本体的实际应用。为了能更加客观地获取数据之间的概念层次关系与语义信息,提出了一种基于FCA(形式概念分析)从关系数据库进行本体学习的方法。该方法既保持了关系数据表中原有的数据语义关系,又发挥了FCA自动提取语义信息的特点,提高了最终本体生成的质量,有利于在具体的领域应用中使用本体。最后结合材料服役安全数据库的数据信息,演示了运用所提出的方法学习得到领域本体的过程。

菜心BrcuFCA基因的克隆与表达分析

本文以菜心(Brassica campestris L.ssp.chinensis(L.)Makino var.utilis)为实验材料,比较了Trizol法、改进Trizol法及改良SDS法提取菜心总RNA的效果。结果表明改进Trizol法集中了操作简单、耗时短、所需试剂种类少,且完整性好,产量和纯度均高等多重优点,成为提取菜心总RNA首选方案。同时文章以甘蓝型油菜及其它物种的FCA保守区设计引物,将质量高的菜心总RNA反转录合成cDNA,通过RT-PCR从菜心的早、晚熟品种中均克隆得到与开花有关的基因片段,将之命名为BrcuFCA,片段长1001bp,GenBank登录号为EU700363,与甘蓝型油菜及拟南芥FCA氨基酸同源性分别达到了98%和82%。另一方面,本研究还利用半定量RT-PCR研究了BrcuFCA不同时空表达特性,并结合已发表的开花调控遗传途径中两个关键基因BrcuFLC和BrcuFRI时空表达特性研究结果,推测菜心主要的抽薹开花途径不是春化和FRI-依赖途径,而很可能是自主开花途径。本研究为菜心抽薹开花分子机理的研究提供理论依据。

山核桃FLOWERING LOCUS T同源基因的克隆与序列分析

根据不同植物FLOWERING LOCUST（FT）同源基因序列的保守区，设计合成1对长度为18bp的PCR简并引物，以山核桃基因组DNA为模板，采用PCR方法扩增出长度为152bp的DNA片段，克隆到pMD19-T载体上。测序及序列分析结果表明，扩增所获得的片段序列为FT基因第四外显子部分序列，不含内含子，推测共编码50个氨基酸；其序列在GenBank中注册号为FJ858260．1，同源性比对结果表明，其氨基酸序列与其他植物FT基因的同源性高达88％～96％。

基于语义信息内容的FCA概念相似度计算方法

基于概率信息内容的FCA概念相似度计算方法依赖于语料库中概念的频次信息,这种方法仅使用出现概率作为信息内容度量指标计算FCA概念相似度,其计算结果的准确率不高。针对上述问题提出一种基于语义信息内容的FCA概念相似度计算方法,该方法利用本体中概念间的上下位语义关系度量信息内容,以进一步提高概念一般/具体程度的度量精度;然后在本体派生的ISA层次结构上计算语义信息内容相似度,从而避免基于概率信息内容的方法对语料库的依赖;最后把语义信息内容相似度作为度量FCA概念相似度的依据,并给出了通过构造带权二部图提高相似度计算效率的方法。实验结果表明使用基于语义信息内容的方法能够在不牺牲时间性能的前提下有效提高FCA概念相似度计算结果的准确率。

专家辅助找矿系统中模糊综合评判(FCA)模型的软件实现及应用——以云南会泽铅锌矿隐伏矿预测为例

模糊综合评判(FCA)模型是应用模糊数学的理论与方法,通过综合评判多个控制因素的权重,对某一事件进行评价的数学模型。以云南会泽铅锌矿为例,选择了地层、构造、岩性控矿因素为模糊评价因素集,建立了FCA模型,编制了计算机程序进行软件实现。对构造地球化学数据进行了评判试验,实现隐伏矿预测。研究结果表明,由多因素决定的矿化异常与实际工程验证结果吻合。FCA模型可用于评价地质、生态、环境、气象、农业、经济等多个领域中由多个因素控制的事件,具有普遍意义。