Fuzzy C-Means Algorithm Based on Density Canopy and Manifold Learning

Fuzzy C-Means(FCM)is an effective and widely used clustering algorithm,but there are still some problems.considering the number of clusters must be determined manually,the local optimal solutions is easily influenced by the random selection of initial cluster centers,and the performance of Euclid distance in complex high-dimensional data is poor.To solve the above problems,the improved FCM clustering algorithm based on density Canopy and Manifold learning(DM-FCM)is proposed.First,a density Canopy algorithm based on improved local density is proposed to automatically deter-mine the number of clusters and initial cluster centers,which improves the self-adaptability and stability of the algorithm.Then,considering that high-dimensional data often present a nonlinear structure,the manifold learning method is applied to construct a manifold spatial structure,which preserves the global geometric properties of complex high-dimensional data and improves the clustering effect of the algorithm on complex high-dimensional datasets.Fowlkes-Mallows Index(FMI),the weighted average of homogeneity and completeness(V-measure),Adjusted Mutual Information(AMI),and Adjusted Rand Index(ARI)are used as performance measures of clustering algorithms.The experimental results show that the manifold learning method is the superior distance measure,and the algorithm improves the clustering accuracy and performs superiorly in the clustering of low-dimensional and complex high-dimensional data.

Unknown DDoS Attack Detection with Fuzzy C-Means Clustering and Spatial Location Constraint Prototype Loss

Since its inception,the Internet has been rapidly evolving.With the advancement of science and technology and the explosive growth of the population,the demand for the Internet has been on the rise.Many applications in education,healthcare,entertainment,science,and more are being increasingly deployed based on the internet.Concurrently,malicious threats on the internet are on the rise as well.Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks are among the most common and dangerous threats on the internet today.The scale and complexity of DDoS attacks are constantly growing.Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)have been deployed and have demonstrated their effectiveness in defense against those threats.In addition,the research of Machine Learning(ML)and Deep Learning(DL)in IDS has gained effective results and significant attention.However,one of the challenges when applying ML and DL techniques in intrusion detection is the identification of unknown attacks.These attacks,which are not encountered during the system’s training,can lead to misclassification with significant errors.In this research,we focused on addressing the issue of Unknown Attack Detection,combining two methods:Spatial Location Constraint Prototype Loss(SLCPL)and Fuzzy C-Means(FCM).With the proposed method,we achieved promising results compared to traditional methods.The proposed method demonstrates a very high accuracy of up to 99.8%with a low false positive rate for known attacks on the Intrusion Detection Evaluation Dataset(CICIDS2017)dataset.Particularly,the accuracy is also very high,reaching 99.7%,and the precision goes up to 99.9%for unknown DDoS attacks on the DDoS Evaluation Dataset(CICDDoS2019)dataset.The success of the proposed method is due to the combination of SLCPL,an advanced Open-Set Recognition(OSR)technique,and FCM,a traditional yet highly applicable clustering technique.This has yielded a novel method in the field of unknown attack detection.This further expands the trend of applying DL and ML techniques in the development of intrusion detection systems and cybersecurity.Finally,implementing the proposed method in real-world systems can enhance the security capabilities against increasingly complex threats on computer networks.

农业机器人采摘目标识别技术研究——基于FCM模糊聚类算法

介绍了FCM(Fuzzy C-Means)模糊聚类算法的原理,采用权重分配的方法对该算法进行了改进,通过建立模糊的相似矩阵,对目标对象的特征聚类图进行分析,并引入隶属度矩阵对FCM算法进行优化,以加快算法的迭代速度。实验结果表明:农业机器人采用该方法对农作物轮廓分割识别度较高,算法计算效率较快,验证了其可靠性,该方法可用于目标农作物的分割和目标识别。

基于GWO-FCM的输油泵故障诊断模型自学习框架

随着输油泵场站无人化建设的发展,企业对输油泵故障诊断技术的要求也越来越高。目前,被广泛使用的利用机器学习算法进行输油泵故障诊断的方法都只能针对模型训练集中已包含的几类故障进行诊断,在企业的实际使用中,仍会出现其他不包含在训练集中的故障而不能被正确自动识别、诊断。针对上述问题,设计了一种输油泵故障诊断模型自学习框架,通过信号处理技术结合深度学习提取深层故障特征,提高工业现场数据的可分性;通过模糊C均值聚类结合相似度度量判别已知故障和未知故障,对出现的未知故障模式进行识别和记录;利用频繁出现的未知故障数据重训练模型,在原有诊断功能的基础上提高对未知故障的识别、诊断及学习能力。为验证方法的有效性,使用工业现场采集的输油泵数据进行实验,结果表明,现有诊断方法所提出的输油泵故障诊断模型自学习框架能够实现对未知故障的准确识别。

基于LOF-FCM算法的船舶航行数据识别

针对传统船舶自动识别系统数据在清洗异常数据和提取停留数据时分别采用不同的识别方式、类型判断阈值需要人为设定、识别效率不佳的局限性,首次提出了一种船舶航行轨迹中停留及异常数据的一体化检测方法。通过分析航行路线的3种数据(停留、异常和航行)异常因子特征,提出基于LOF-FCM的船舶航行数据、停留数据和异常数据一体化检测算法。实验对3类数据进行了识别,模型识别准确率达到了92.69%,有效提高了异常、停留、航行数据的识别能力。结果表明所提方法可一次性实现AIS数据中3种数据的检测,能高效分离出正常船舶航行数据,具有良好的工程应用价值。

基于改进FCM的冲压件缺陷图像分割算法

在工业质检过程中,冲压件缺陷图像分割作为缺陷检测的重要环节,直接影响缺陷检测效果。而传统的模糊C均值(FCM)聚类算法未考虑到空间邻域信息,对于噪声干扰较为敏感,导致分割精度较差,且其整体易受初始值的影响,造成收敛速度变慢。针对上述问题,提出一种改进的FCM算法。采用内核诱导距离中的简单两项代替传统的欧氏距离,将原有的空间像素映射到高维特征空间,提高线性可分概率和计算速度;利用图像像素之间的空间相关性,通过引入改进的马尔可夫随机场对FCM目标函数进行修正,提高算法的抗噪能力以及分割精度;采用秃鹰搜索(BES)算法确定FCM的初始聚类中心,提高算法的收敛速度,同时避免算法陷入局部极值的情况。为验证改进FCM算法的性能,选取划分熵、划分系数、Xie_Beni系数以及迭代次数作为评价指标,并与近年来先进的图像分割算法进行对比。实验结果表明,改进FCM算法具有更好的抗噪能力,能得到更好的缺陷分割效果,对工业生产中的冲压件缺陷检测有一定的应用价值。

基于FCM算法的中小型转动设备故障检测研究

针对现有算法在中小型转动设备故障检测中存在的收敛速度慢、故障识别率低等问题,提出一种基于FCM融合算法的故障检测方案研究。对原始故障集做降噪处理,基于模糊熵值理论在多尺度条件下提取故障向量的隶属度;利用GA算法优化FCM算法的迭代性能和收敛性能,分别更新故障特征向量模糊隶属度矩阵和聚类中心矩阵,以达到改善聚类精度,提高故障识别率的目的。实验结果显示,该算法在不同的聚类中心数量及故障类别的条件下,能够获得更好的聚类效果和更高的收敛速度,训练集合和测试集的平均故障识别分别可以达到99.19%和98.23%。

基于FCM聚类的光伏储能容量配置方法研究

为提升分布式光伏储能容量配置的合理性,提出基于模糊C均值(FCM)聚类的光伏储能容量配置方法。通过分析分布式光伏系统拓扑结构,将分析结果作为信息依据,制定相应的分布式光伏储能容量配置方案。从分布式电源投资者及电网管理者角度制定目标及约束条件,构建分布式光伏储能容量配置模型。采用FCM聚类算法对配置模型内迭代计算的初值实施有效分配。该算法能够抑制光伏储能大容量蓄电池波动、提高储能性能和效率,从而获取最优容量配置。所提方法可以在短时间内实现储能出力,使光伏自消纳率平均值达到93.5%。该方法的分布式光伏储能容量配置效果较好。

Fuzzy c-means text clustering based on topic concept sub-space

To improve the accuracy of text clustering, fuzzy c-means clustering based on topic concept sub-space （TCS2FCM） is introduced for classifying texts. Five evaluation functions are combined to extract key phrases. Concept phrases, as well as the descriptions of final clusters, are presented using WordNet origin from key phrases. Initial centers and membership matrix are the most important factors affecting clustering performance. Orthogonal concept topic sub-spaces are built with the topic concept phrases representing topics of the texts and the initialization of centers and the membership matrix depend on the concept vectors in sub-spaces. The results show that, different from random initialization of traditional fuzzy c-means clustering, the initialization related to text content contributions can improve clustering precision.

ALLIED FUZZY c-MEANS CLUSTERING MODEL

A novel model of fuzzy clustering, i.e. an allied fuzzy c means （AFCM） model is proposed based on the combination of advantages of fuzzy c means （FCM） and possibilistic c means （PCM） clustering. PCM is sensitive to initializations and often generates coincident clusters. AFCM overcomes this shortcoming and it is an ex tension of PCM. Membership and typicality values can be simultaneously produced in AFCM. Experimental re- suits show that noise data can be well processed, coincident clusters are avoided and clustering accuracy is better.

Fuzzy C-Means算法中隶属度信息在特征空间的分布特性分析及改进方法

首先推导了ＦｕｚｚｙＣ－Ｍｅａｎｓ算法在特征空间的迭代公式，然后就其隶属度信息在特征空间的分布缺陷提出两种改进方法：一是通过引入选择注意性参数控制隶属度信息的分布；二是从条件概率出发构造类置信度取代原隶属度．实验表明这两种方法均起到了较好的效果．

融合改进FCM与PFS的知识供需匹配

为提升知识资源的有效配置,缓解用户“知识迷向”问题,设计一套知识供需匹配方法。依据DBSCAN算法确定FCM算法的聚类数目,增强聚类效果;基于改进FCM进行区域划分实现匹配空间压缩,提升算法效率。在此基础上,构建模糊关联匹配度模型,通过融合Zadeh与PFS模糊算子改进相似度计算,兼顾用户需求与既有知识间的相关度,确定匹配结果。实验分析表明,其在知识匹配有效性方面具有一定的比较优势。

基于STPA-FCM模型的自主航行船舶功能系统分析

为探析自主航行船舶(MASS)功能系统之间的失效机制,提升航行安全,将系统理论过程分析(STPA)方法与模糊认知图(FCM)方法相结合,构建MASS功能系统失效特征分析模型。通过STPA方法对功能系统的控制/反馈关系建模,确定27个控制关系与43个反馈关系,分析潜在的不安全控制行为(UCA)及其产生的关键致因,在此基础上,运用FCM方法构建各功能系统之间的交互关系,并反演出最终稳态下的相对失效概率。结果表明:最为核心的功能模块为电力系统、虚拟船长系统、动力定位系统、避碰系统,其稳定值占比分别为7.66%,7.62%,7.47%,7.14%,应优先确保其可靠性、稳定性和安全性。

A New Method of Wind Turbine Bearing Fault Diagnosis Based on Multi-Masking Empirical Mode Decomposition and Fuzzy C-Means Clustering

Based on Multi-Masking Empirical Mode Decomposition (MMEMD) and fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering, a new method of wind turbine bearing fault diagnosis FCM-MMEMD is proposed, which can determine the fault accurately and timely. First, FCM clustering is employed to classify the data into different clusters, which helps to estimate whether there is a fault and how many fault types there are. If fault signals exist, the fault vibration signals are then demodulated and decomposed into different frequency bands by MMEMD in order to be analyzed further. In order to overcome the mode mixing defect of empirical mode decomposition (EMD), a novel method called MMEMD is proposed. It is an improvement to masking empirical mode decomposition (MEMD). By adding multi-masking signals to the signals to be decomposed in different levels, it can restrain low-frequency components from mixing in highfrequency components effectively in the sifting process and then suppress the mode mixing. It has the advantages of easy implementation and strong ability of suppressing modal mixing. The fault type is determined by Hilbert envelope finally. The results of simulation signal decomposition showed the high performance of MMEMD. Experiments of bearing fault diagnosis in wind turbine bearing fault diagnosis proved the validity and high accuracy of the new method.

Soil pore identification with the adaptive fuzzy C-means method based on computed tomography images

The complex geometry and topology of soil is widely recognised as the key driver in many ecological processes. X-ray computed tomography (CT) provides insight into the internal structure of soil pores automatically and accurately. Until recently, there have not been methods to identify soil pore structures. This has restricted the development of soil science, particularly regarding pore geometry and spatial distribution. Through the adoption of the fuzzy clustering theory and the establishment of pore identification rules, a novel pore identification method is described to extract pore structures from CT soil images. The robustness of the adaptive fuzzy C-means method (AFCM), the adaptive threshold method, and Image-Pro Plus tools were compared on soil specimens under different conditions, such as frozen, saturated, and dry situations. The results demonstrate that the AFCM method is suitable for identifying pore clusters, especially tiny pores, under various soil conditions. The method would provide an optional technique for the study of soil micromorphology.

Improved evidential fuzzy c-means method

Dempster-Shafer evidence theory(DS theory) is widely used in brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) segmentation,due to its efficient combination of the evidence from different sources. In this paper, an improved MRI segmentation method,which is based on fuzzy c-means(FCM) and DS theory, is proposed. Firstly, the average fusion method is used to reduce the uncertainty and the conflict information in the pictures. Then, the neighborhood information and the different influences of spatial location of neighborhood pixels are taken into consideration to handle the spatial information. Finally, the segmentation and the sensor data fusion are achieved by using the DS theory. The simulated images and the MRI images illustrate that our proposed method is more effective in image segmentation.

Fuzzy c-means clustering based on spatial neighborhood information for image segmentation

Fuzzy c-means （FCM） algorithm is one of the most popular methods for image segmentation. However, the standard FCM algorithm is sensitive to noise because of not taking into account the spatial information in the image. An improved FCM algorithm is proposed to improve the antinoise performance of FCM algorithm. The new algorithm is formulated by incorporating the spatial neighborhood information into the membership function for clustering. The distribution statistics of the neighborhood pixels and the prior probability are used to form a new membership func- tion. It is not only effective to remove the noise spots but also can reduce the misclassified pixels. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is more accurate and robust to noise than the standard FCM algorithm.

Power interconnected system clustering with advanced fuzzy C-mean algorithm

An advanced fuzzy C-mean （FCM） algorithm was proposed for the efficient regional clustering of multi-nodes interconnected systems. Due to various locational prices and regional coherencies for each node and point, modified similarity measure was considered to gather nodes having similar characteristics. The similarity measure was needed to contain locafi0nal prices as well as regional coherency. In order to consider the two properties simultaneously, distance measure of fuzzy C-mean algorithm had to be modified. Regional clustering algorithm for interconnected power systems was designed based on the modified fuzzy C-mean algorithm. The proposed algorithm produces proper classification for the interconnected power system and the results are demonstrated in the example of IEEE 39-bus interconnected electricity system.

Residual-driven Fuzzy C-Means Clustering for Image Segmentation

In this paper,we elaborate on residual-driven Fuzzy C-Means(FCM)for image segmentation,which is the first approach that realizes accurate residual(noise/outliers)estimation and enables noise-free image to participate in clustering.We propose a residual-driven FCM framework by integrating into FCM a residual-related regularization term derived from the distribution characteristic of different types of noise.Built on this framework,a weighted?2-norm regularization term is presented by weighting mixed noise distribution,thus resulting in a universal residual-driven FCM algorithm in presence of mixed or unknown noise.Besides,with the constraint of spatial information,the residual estimation becomes more reliable than that only considering an observed image itself.Supporting experiments on synthetic,medical,and real-world images are conducted.The results demonstrate the superior effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm over its peers.

基于FCM聚类的模糊综合评价方法

针对综合评价过程中隶属函数建立存在主观性和随机性以及部分系统缺乏指标阈值的问题,引入模糊聚类的思想,建立基于FCM理论的评价模型。当指标阈值存在时,通过阈值确定FCM的最佳聚类中心,得到隶属度矩阵;不存在时,通过AP聚类确定FCM的初始聚类中心,改善传统算法对聚类中心初值选取的随机性;再利用改进的FCM算法对指标数据进行分级评价,得到隶属度矩阵并建立指标阈值,最后进行综合评价分析;并将该模型应用于四川某水域的水质评价中。结果表明,该模型评价结果处于单因子评价和传统模糊综合评价结果之间,其相关系数均在0.7以上,说明该模型结果具有合理性,并且能克服因单因子评价模型仅强调最坏指标和传统模糊综合评价中人为选择隶属函数而导致评价结果具有片面性和主观性的不足。