关于Planar Ferromagnets and Antiferromagnets泛函的径向极小元的注记

就Bethuel,Brezis和Helein提出的问题讨论了Planar Ferromagnets and Antiferromagnets泛函在H={u(x)=(sinf(r)|xx|,cosf(r))∈H1(B1,S2);f(0)=0,f(1)=2π,r=|x|}中的径向极小元的一些性质,其中包括此泛函的径向极小元的零点的分布及若干个上界估计,并给出了这一问题的肯定回答.

Magnetic properties of several potential rocksalt half-metallic ferromagnets based on the first-principles calculations

Several rocksalt Sr4X3N （X = O, S, Se, and Te） are predicted to be potential half-metallic ferromagnets free of transition-metal and rare-earth elements by performing the first-principles calculations. Then their magnetic properties, such as the half metallicity and the crystal-cell magnetic moments are investigated. The Sr4X3N possibly have higher Curie temperatures and have more stable half metallicity than the Sr4X3C. Their crystal-cell magnetic moments are all 1.00 μB. The crystal-cell magnetic moments and the half metallicity arise mainly from the N ions. The main mechanism is the strong covalent interaction leading to the sp2 hybridized orbitals in the Sr4X3N. Then two Sr-5s and three N-2p electrons enter into three sp2 hybridized orbitals. Among these five electrons, four electrons are paired and one is unpaired, so there are three spin-up electrons and two spin-down electrons in these sp2 hybridized orbitals.

Interchain Order and Ferromagnetic State in Organic Ferromagnets

Two kinds of alignment of two neighboring organic ferromagnetic chains are studied with Su-Schrieffer-Heeger Hamiltonian added by Hubbard repulsion and antiferromagnetic correlation between side radicals and main chain.The results show that interchain coupling makes the energy gap decreasing.The out-of^phase alignment of two chains is energetically preferred to the in-phase alignment and it is a more possible ferromagnetic structure if the oscillatory part of interchain coupling of the in-phase is small.The spin density and dimerization along the main chain are also discussed.

A micromechanics-based finite element model for the constitutive behavior of polycrystalline ferromagnets

A micromechanics-based finite element model for the constitutive behavior of polycrystalline ferromagnets is developed. In the model, the polycrystalline solid is assumed to comprise numerous single crystals with randomly distributed crystallographic orientations, and the single crystals, in turn, consist of ferromagnetic domains, each of which is represented by a cubic element. The dipole directions of the domains are randomly assigned to simulate the crystallographic nature of ferromagnetic polycrystals. A switching criterion for the domains is specified at the microscopic level. The macroscopic constitutive behavior is obtained by averaging the microscopic/local behavior of each domain. The developed model has been applied to the simulation of a ferromagnetic material. With appropriate material parameters adopted, hysteresis loops of the predicted magnetic induction versus magnetic field and those of the strain versus magnetic field are shown to agree well with experimental observations.

Ab initio/MBPT Studies of the Effective Exchange Integrals and Theoretical Models of Organic Ferromagnets

Nowadays the studies of organize ferromagnets have been becoming a very attractive area of material science in both theoretical and experimental aspects. A major theoretical problem on design of OFM is to estimate the effective exchange integrals(J) between radical sites. However, most of theoretical work was on hypothetical hydrocarbons, which were impracticable in the synthesis. The recent breakthrough in the synthesis of OFM turns the theorist’s attention to some more realistic models such as those

Interacting topological magnons in a checkerboard ferromagnet

This work is devoted to studying the magnon-magnon interaction effect in a two-dimensional checkerboard ferromagnet with the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction.Using a first-order Green function method,we analyze the influence of magnon-magnon interaction on the magnon band topology.We find that Chern numbers of two renormalized magnon bands are different above and below the critical temperature,which means that the magnon band gap-closing phenomenon is an indicator for one topological phase transition of the checkerboard ferromagnet.Our results show that the checkerboard ferromagnet possesses two topological phases,and its topological phase can be controlled either via the temperature or the applied magnetic field due to magnon-magnon interactions.Interestingly,it is found that the topological phase transition can occur twice with the increase in the temperature,which is different from the results of the honeycomb ferromagnet.

Influence of exchange bias on spin torque ferromagnetic resonance for quantification of spin–orbit torque efficiency

Antiferromagnet(AFM)/ferromagnet(FM)heterostructure is a popular system for studying the spin–orbit torque(SOT)of AFMs.However,the interfacial exchange bias field induces that the magnetization in FM layer is noncollinear to the external magnetic field,namely the magnetic moment drag effect,which further influences the characteristic of SOT efficiency.In this work,we study the SOT efficiencies of IrMn/NiFe bilayers with strong interfacial exchange bias by using spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance(ST-FMR)method.A full analysis on the AFM/FM systems with exchange bias is performed,and the angular dependence of magnetization on external magnetic field is determined through the minimum rule of free energy.The ST-FMR results can be well fitted by this model.We obtained the relative accurate SOT efficiencyξ_(DL)=0.058 for the IrMn film.This work provides a useful method to analyze the angular dependence of ST-FMR results and facilitates the accurate measurement of SOT efficiency for the AFM/FM heterostructures with strong exchange bias.

Interfacial DMI in Fe/Pt thin films grown on different buffer layers

We study the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions(i-DMI)of Fe/Pt bilayers grown on Si substrates with MgO,SiO_(2),or Ta each as a buffer layer on the basis of wave-vector-resolved Brillouin light scattering(BLS)measurement.The obtained i-DMI energy values for Fe/Pt on MgO,Ta,and SiO_(2) buffer layers are 0.359,0.321,and 0.274 mJ/m~2,respectively.The large i-DMI value observed in Fe/Pt system on the MgO buffer layer can be attributed to the good interfacial quality and the Rshaba effect at the MgO/Fe interface.Moreover,the MgO/Fe/Pt system,benefiting from better sample quality,exhibits a lower damping factor.Furthermore,layer-resolved first-principles calculations are carried out to gain a more in-depth understanding of the origin of the i-DMI in the Fe/Pt system.The results indicate that in the Fe(110)/Pt(111)system,the substantial DMI energy between Fe spins at the interface is related to a significant change in spin-orbit coupling(SOC)energy in the neighboring Pt layer.In contrast,for the MgO(002)/Fe(002)system,both the DMI and its related SOC energy are concentrated at the interfacial Fe layer.Our investigation will provide a valuable insight into the spintronic community in exploring novel devices with chirality dependence.

Controllable high Curie temperature through 5d transition metal atom doping in CrI_(3)

Two-dimensional(2D) CrI_(3) is a ferromagnetic semiconductor with potential for applications in spintronics. However,its low Curie temperature(T_(c)) hinders realistic applications of CrI3. Based on first-principles calculations, 5d transition metal(TM) atom doping of CrI_(3)(TM@CrI_(3)) is a universally effective way to increase T_(c), which stems from the increased magnetic moment induced by doping with TM atoms. T_(c) of W@CrI_(3) reaches 254 K, nearly six times higher than that of the host CrI_(3). When the doping concentration of W atoms is increased to above 5.9%, W@CrI_(3) shows room-temperature ferromagnetism. Intriguingly, the large magnetic anisotropy energy of W@CrI_(3) can stabilize the long-range ferromagnetic order. Moreover, TM@CrI_(3) has a strong ferromagnetic stability. All TM@CrI_(3) change from a semiconductor to a halfmetal, except doping with Au atom. These results provide information relevant to potential applications of CrI_(3) monolayers in spintronics.

Twisted Integration of Complex Oxide Magnetoelectric Heterostructures via Water‑Etching and Transfer Process

Manipulating strain mode and degree that can be applied to epitaxial complex oxide thin films have been a cornerstone of strain engineering.In recent years,lift-off and transfer technology of the epitaxial oxide thin films have been developed that enabled the integration of heterostructures without the limitation of material types and crystal orientations.Moreover,twisted integration would provide a more interesting strategy in artificial magnetoelectric heterostructures.A specific twist angle between the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic oxide layers corresponds to the distinct strain regulation modes in the magnetoelectric coupling process,which could provide some insight in to the physical phenomena.In this work,the La_(0.67)Sr_(0.33)MnO_(3)(001)/0.7Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3)-0.3PbTiO_(3)(011)(LSMO/PMN-PT)heterostructures with 45.and 0.twist angles were assembled via water-etching and transfer process.The transferred LSMO films exhibit a fourfold magnetic anisotropy with easy axis along LSMO<110>.A coexistence of uniaxial and fourfold magnetic anisotropy with LSMO[110]easy axis is observed for the 45°Sample by applying a 7.2 kV cm^(−1)electrical field,significantly different from a uniaxial anisotropy with LSMO[100]easy axis for the 0°Sample.The fitting of the ferromagnetic resonance field reveals that the strain coupling generated by the 45°twist angle causes different lattice distortion of LSMO,thereby enhancing both the fourfold and uniaxial anisotropy.This work confirms the twisting degrees of freedom for magnetoelectric coupling and opens opportunities for fabricating artificial magnetoelectric heterostructures.

Semiclassical approach to spin dynamics of a ferromagnetic S = 1 chain

Motivated by recent experimental progress on the quasi-one-dimensional quantum magnet Ni Nb2O6, we study the spin dynamics of an S = 1 ferromagnetic Heisenberg chain with single-ion anisotropy by using a semiclassical molecular dynamics approach. This system undergoes a quantum phase transition from a ferromagnetic to a paramagnetic state under a transverse magnetic field, and the magnetic response reflecting this transition is well described by our semiclassical method.We show that at low temperature the transverse component of the dynamical structure factor depicts clearly the magnon dispersion, and the longitudinal component exhibits two continua associated with single-and two-magnon excitations,respectively. These spin excitation spectra show interesting temperature dependence as effects of magnon interactions. Our findings shed light on the experimental detection of spin excitations in a large class of quasi-one-dimensional magnets.

Giant Magneto-Optical Effect in van der Waals Room-Temperature Ferromagnet Fe_(3)GaTe_(2)

The discovery of ferromagnetic two-dimensional(2D)van der Waals(vdWs)materials provides an opportunity to explore intriguing physics and to develop innovative spin electronic devices.However,the main challenge for practical applications of vd Ws ferromagnetic crystals lies in the weak intrinsic ferromagnetism and small perpendicular magnetic anisotropy(PMA)above room temperature.Here,we report the intrinsic vd Ws ferromagnetic crystal Fe_(3)GaTe_(2),synthesized by the self-flux method,exhibiting a Curie temperature(TC)of 370 K,a high saturation magnetization of 33.47 emu/g,and a large PMA energy density of approximately 4.17×10^(5)J/m^(3).Furthermore,the magneto-optical effect is systematically investigated in Fe_(3)GaTe_(2).The doubly degenerate E_(2g)(Γ)mode reverses the helicity of incident photons,indicating the existence of pseudoangular-momentum(PAM)and chirality.Meanwhile,the non-degenerate non-chiral A_(1g)(Γ)phonon exhibits a significant magneto-Raman effect under an external out-of-plane magnetic field.These results lay the groundwork for studying phonon chirality and magneto-optical phenomena in 2D magnetic materials,providing the feasibility for further fundamental research and applications in spintronic devices.

Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics in Ba_(6)Cr_(2)S_(10)Modified by Toroidal Magnetic Phase Transition

Ba_(6)Cr_(2)S_(10)is a recently discovered magnetic material,in which the spins are aligned ferromagnetically in the ab-plane and anti-parallelly in a paired form along the c-axis.It is characterized as a quasi-one dimensional(1D)dimerized structure with a ferrotoroidic order,forming the simplest candidate toroidal magnetic(TM)order and exhibiting an anti-ferromagnetic-like transition at around 10 K.Time-resolved ultrafast dynamics investigation of the novel A-Cr-S(A:metal elements)family of quantum materials has rarely been reported.Here,we investigate the time-resolved pump-probe ultrafast dynamics of a Ba6Cr2S10 single crystal.A prominent change in the photo-excited carrier dynamics is observed at T_(c)=10 K,corresponding to the reported TM-paramagnetic phase transition.A potential unknown magnetic transition is also found at T^(*)=29 K.Our results provide new evidence for the TM magnetic transition in Ba_(6)Cr_(2)S_(10),and shed light on phase transitions in TM quantum materials.

C-Type Antiferromagnetic Structure of Topological Semimetal CaMnSb_(2)

Determination of the magnetic structure and confirmation of the presence or absence of inversion(P)and time reversal(Τ)symmetry is imperative for correctly understanding the topological magnetic materials.Here highquality single crystals of the layered manganese pnictide CaMnSb_(2)are synthesized using the self-flux method.

Intrinsic valley-polarized quantum anomalous Hall effect in a two-dimensional germanene/MnI_(2) van der Waals heterostructure

Valley-polarized quantum anomalous Hall effect(VQAHE), combined nontrivial band topology with valleytronics,is of importance for both fundamental sciences and emerging applications. However, the experimental realization of this property is challenging. Here, by using first-principles calculations and modal analysis, we predict a mechanism of producing VQAHE in two-dimensional ferromagnetic van der Waals germanene/MnI_(2) heterostructure. This heterostructure exhibits both valley anomalous Hall effect and VQAHE due to the joint effects of magnetic exchange effect and spin–orbital coupling with the aid of anomalous Hall conductance and chiral edge state. Moreover interestingly, through the electrical modulation of ferroelectric polarization state in In_(2)Se_(3), the germanene/Mn I_(2)/In_(2)Se_(3) heterostructure can undergo reversible switching from a semiconductor to a metallic behavior. This work offers a guiding advancement for searching for VQAHE in ferromagnetic van der Waals heterostructures and exploiting energy-efficient devices based on the VQAHE.

Ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics study on spin–orbit coupling induced spin dynamics in ferromagnetic metals

Understanding the photoexcitation induced spin dynamics in ferromagnetic metals is important for the design of photo-controlled ultrafast spintronic device.In this work,by the ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulation,we have studied the spin dynamics induced by spin–orbit coupling(SOC)in Co and Fe using both spin-diabatic and spin-adiabatic representations.In Co system,it is found that the Fermi surface(E_(F))is predominantly contributed by the spin-minority states.The SOC induced spin flip will occur for the photo-excited spin-majority electrons as they relax to the E_(F),and the spin-minority electrons tend to relax to the EFwith the same spin through the electron–phonon coupling(EPC).The reduction of spin-majority electrons and the increase of spin-minority electrons lead to demagnetization of Co within100 fs.By contrast,in Fe system,the E_(F) is dominated by the spin-majority states.In this case,the SOC induced spin flip occurs for the photo-excited spin-minority electrons,which leads to a magnetization enhancement.If we move the E_(F) of Fe to higher energy by 0.6eV,the E_(F) will be contributed by the spin-minority states and the demagnetization will be observed again.This work provides a new perspective for understanding the SOC induced spin dynamics mechanism in magnetic metal systems.

Stacking-dependent exchange bias in two-dimensional ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayers

A clear microscopic understanding of exchange bias is crucial for its application in magnetic recording, and further progress in this area is desired. Based on the results of our first-principles calculations and Monte Carlo simulations,we present a theoretical proposal for a stacking-dependent exchange bias in two-dimensional compensated van der Waals ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayer heterostructures. The exchange bias effect emerges in stacking registries that accommodate inhomogeneous interlayer magnetic interactions between the ferromagnetic layer and different spin sublattices of the antiferromagnetic layer. Moreover, the on/off switching and polarity reversal of the exchange bias can be achieved by interlayer sliding, and the strength can be modulated using an external electric field. Our findings push the limits of exchange bias systems to extreme bilayer thickness in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures, potentially stimulating new experimental investigations and applications.

Structure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline ferromagnets (Ⅱ)——Magnetoelastic coupling effects

The role of magnetoelastic coupling effects in nanocrystalline ferromagnets is investigated by means of high-field magnetization and Doppler-broadening spectrum measurements. For the nanocrystalline Fe73.5 Cu1Nb3-Si13 5B9 alloy, the results show that the pinning effects resulting from the quasidislocation dipole intensely influence the movement of domain wall; by coupling with the magnetostriction the defects-induced stress fields determine the magnetic properties at the early stage of crystallization. In view of the effective anisotropy and magnetoelastic coupling energy the optimal annealing conditions of alloys are discussed.

Structure and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline ferromagnets (Ⅰ)--Effective anisotropy

The role of effective anisotropy in nanocrystalline ferromagnets is investigated. These alloys are prepared by annealing amorphous ribbons and have excellent soft magnetic properties. A two-phase model is established considering the role of the mtergranular amorphous phase. The results indicate a strong dependence of effective anisotropy on the structure and magnetic parameters of the amorphous phase as well as on the size of a grains. In view of the new model, the magnetic hardening beyond the optimally annealing temperature seems to be ascribed to the de-terioration in magnetic properties of interfacial amorphous phase.

Selective flattening of magnon bands in kagome-lattice ferromagnets with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction

There is growing interest in revealing exotic properties of collective spin excitations in kagome-lattice ferromagnets such as magnon Hall effects,topological magnon insulators,and flat magnon bands.Using the well-established nearest-neighbor Heisenberg ferromagnet model with Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction(DMI),in this study we uncover intriguing new aspects in the selectivity and topology of flat magnon bands.Among the three magnon bands(except for the top one,which is flat in the absence of DMI),we observe that each of the three bands can be selectively flattened at the critical DMI of D=±√3 J/3 and D=±√3 J.With a general DMI,the magnon bands become non-flat;however,there are nested lines that create a David star pattern for all three magnon bands whose flatness is robust during changing exchange coupling or DMIs.Contrary to prevailing belief,we show that each of the three flat bands is actually topologically trivial at critical DMIs.Furthermore,we show that while the middle band remains topologically trivial,for the other two bands,D=0 corresponds to the topological phase transition where their Chern numbers get interchanged;when D=±√3 J,the system undergoes a phase transition to the nonferromagnetic state.These central findings increase our understanding of spin excitations for future magnonics applications.