Contributions of the Cybathlon championship to the literature on functional electrical stimulation cycling among individuals with spinal cord injury:A bibliometric review

Background:Due to its clinically proven safety and health benefits,functional electrical stimulation(FES)cycling has become a popular exercise modality for individuals with spinal cord injury(SCI).Since its inception in 2013,the Cybathlon championship has been a platform for publicizing the potential of FES cycling in rehabilitation and exercise for individuals with SCI.This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of the Cybathlon championship to the literature on FES cycling for individuals with SCI 3 years pre and post the staging of the Cybathlon championship in 2016.Methods:Web of Science,Scopus,ScienceDirect,IEEE Xplore,and Google Scholar databases were searched for relevant studies published between January 2013 and July 2019.The quality of the included studies was objectively evaluated using the Downs and Black checklist.Results:A total of 129 articles on FES cycling were retained for analysis.A total of 51 articles related to Cybathlon were reviewed,and 14 articles were ultimately evaluated for the quality.In 2017,the year following the Cybathlon championship,Web of Science cited 23 published studies on the championship,which was almost 5-fold more than that in 2016(n=5).Training was most often reported as a topic of interest in these studies,which mostly(76.7%)highlighted the training parameters of interest to participating teams in their effort to maximize their FES cycling performance during the Cybathlon championship.Conclusion:The present study indicates that the Cybathlon championship in 2016 contributed to the number of literature published in 2017 on FES cycling for individuals with SCI.This finding may contribute to the lessons that can be learned from participation in the Cybathlon and potentially provide additional insights into research in the field of race-based FES cycling.

Activation of peroxymonosulfate by FeVO_(3-x)for the degradation of carbamazepine:Vanadium mediated electron shuttle and oxygen vacancy modulated interface chemistry

Fast Fe(III)/Fe(II)circulation in heterogeneous peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation remains as a bottleneck issue that restricts the development of PMS based advanced oxidation processes.Herein,we proposed a facile ammonia reduction strategy and synthesized a novel FeVO3-x catalysts to activate PMS for the degradation of a typical pharmaceutical,carbamazepine(CBZ).Rapid CBZ removal could be achieved within 10 min,which outperforms most of the other iron or vanadium-based catalysts.Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis and chemical probe experiments revealed SO_(4)^(·-),·OH,O_(2)^(·-)and high valent iron(Fe(IV))were all generated in this system,but SO4·-and Fe(IV)primarily contributed to the degradation of CBZ.Besides,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray adsorption spectroscopy indicated that both the generated low-valent V provides and oxygen vacancy acted as superior electron donors and accelerated internal electron transfer via the unsaturated V-O-Fe bond.Finally,the proposed system also exhibited satisfactory performance in practical applications.This work provides a promising platform in heterogeneous PMS activation.

Blue Light-Triggered Chemical Reactions Underlie Phosphate Deficiency-Induced Inhibition of Root Elongation oM/ab/dops/s Seedlings Grown in Petri Dishes

To tolerate phosphate(Pi)deficiency in the environment,plants alter their developmental and metabolic programs.In the past two decades,researchers have extensively used Petri dish-grown seedlings of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana to study the molecular mechanisms underlying root developmental responses to Pi deficiency.A typical developmental response of the Petri dish-grown Arabidopsis seedlings to Pi deficiency is the inhibited growth of primary root(PR).This response is generally thought to enhance the production of lateral roots and root hairs,which increases the plant’s ability to obtain Pi and is therefore regarded as an active cellular response.Here,we report that direct illumination of root surface with blue light is critical and sufficient for Pi deficiency-induced inhibition of PR growth in Arabidopsis seedlings.We further show that a blue light-triggered malate-mediated photo-Fenton reaction and a canonical Fenton reaction form an Fe redox cycle in the root apoplast.This Fe redox cycle results in the production of hydroxyl radicals that inhibit PR growth.In addition to revealing the molecular mechanism underlying Pi deficiency-induced inhibition of PR growth,our work demonstrated that this developmental change is not an active cellular response;instead,it is a phenotype resulting from root growth in transparent Petri dishes.This finding is significant because illuminated,transparent Petri dishes have been routinely used to study Arabidopsis root responses to environmental changes.

Significantly improved photocatalysis-self-Fenton degradation performance over g-C3N4 via promoting Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)cycle

Photocatalysis-self-Fenton system,i.e.,photo-catalytic H_(2)O_(2)generation and utilization in situ for OH radials production to remove organic pollutants with high-fluent degradation and mineralization performance pos-sesses such advantages as cleanliness,efficiency and safety.However,its degradation activity always suffers from the Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)cycle.For this reason,graphitic carbon interface-modified g-C_(3)N_(4)(CUCN)was fabricated to remarkably improve photocatalysis-self-Fenton degra-dation activity.The experiment results indicated that CUCN-2%photocatalyst,in which the loading percentage of graphitic carbon was 2%,demonstrated the optimum degradation performance among all the counterparts.The mineralization degree for RhB in 3 h over CUCN-2%reached 63.77%,nearly 3.35-fold higher than the pristine g-C_(3)N_(4).The significantly improved mineralization efficiency was ascribed to the promoted Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)cycle by photogenerated electrons,which leading to the higher utilization efficiency of H_(2)O_(2)through Fenton reaction,thereby producing more hydroxyl radicals.It is anticipated that our work could provide new insights for the design of photocatalysis-self-Fenton system with exceptional degradation performance for actual photocat-alytic applications.

Robust Fe^(2+)-doped nickel-iron layered double hydroxide electrode for electrocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium by pulsed potential method

Electrocatalytic reduction of Cr(Ⅵ)to less toxic Cr(Ⅲ)is deemed as a promising technique.Conventional electrocatalytic reduction is always driven by a constant cathodic potential,which exhibits a repelling action to Cr(Ⅵ)oxyanions in wastewater and consequently suppresses reduction kinetics.In order to remarkably accelerate Cr(Ⅵ)electrocatalytic reduction,we applied a pulsed potential on an Fe^(2+)-NiFe LDH/NF electrode synthesized by in situ growth of Fe^(2+)-doped NiFe LDH nanosheets on Ni foam using a spontaneous redox reaction.Under anodic potential section,HCrO_(4)^(–) anions are adsorbed on the electrode surface and reduced to Cr(Ⅲ)by Fe^(2+).Then,Cr(Ⅲ)ions are desorbed from the electrode surface under coulombic force.The regeneration of Fe^(2+) and direct reduction of Cr(Ⅵ)are achieved under cathodic potential section.The pulsed potential can achieve complete elimination of Cr(Ⅵ)within 60 min at an initial concentration of 10 mg L^(-1),and the removal efficiency shows a 60%increase with respect to that under constant cathodic potential.