The idea of a human community with a shared future was proposed by the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core for the future development of human beings to face up to the mo...The idea of a human community with a shared future was proposed by the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core for the future development of human beings to face up to the most important question in today's world:“What is happening to the world and what should we do?”It profoundly answers the question of the world,history,and the times.The theory of a human community with a shared future is an innovative theory with a multidimensional formation logic that guides humanity toward continually seeking common interests and values.This paper dives into the profound motivations behind building a human community with a shared future from historical,cultural,and practical dimensions and analyzes its epochal value from both domestic and international perspectives.This not only helps exert China's role in the international community,contributing Chinese strength to the construction of a peaceful,stable,and prosperous human society,but also enhances the influence of the idea of a human community with a shared future in the international community,accelerating the building of a human community with a shared future that considers the legitimate concerns of all countries,and aiding in solving the crises facing the world.展开更多
Tunnel heading stability in two dimensions(2D)has been extensively investigated by numerous scholars in the past decade.One significant limitation of 2D analysis is the absence of actual tunnel geometry modeling with ...Tunnel heading stability in two dimensions(2D)has been extensively investigated by numerous scholars in the past decade.One significant limitation of 2D analysis is the absence of actual tunnel geometry modeling with a considerable degree of idealization.Nevertheless,it is possible to study the stability of tunnels in three dimensions(3D)with a rectangular shape using finite element limit analysis(FELA)and a nonlinear programming technique.This paper employs 3D FELA to generate rigorous solutions for stability numbers,failure mechanisms,and safety factors for rectangular-shaped tunnels.To further explore the usefulness of the produced results,multivariate adaptive regression spline(MARS)is used for machine learning of big dataset and development of design equations for practical design applications.The study should be of great benefit to tunnel design practices using the developed equations provided in the paper.展开更多
Human beings are the mainstay and the ultimate goal of civilization.The history of human civilization is a continuous struggle to realize the respect,liberation,protection,and development of humanity.Human rights are ...Human beings are the mainstay and the ultimate goal of civilization.The history of human civilization is a continuous struggle to realize the respect,liberation,protection,and development of humanity.Human rights are an achievement of humanity and a symbol of progress,and the human rights civilization is an important component of human civilization.Understanding and interpreting human rights from the perspective of human rights civilization means that human rights are not only a concept or an idea but also a grand historical and long-term social practice.Up to now,the development of human rights civilization has roughly experienced four awakening eras:initialization,revolution,popularization,and globalization.In terms of its value dimensions,it has the characteristics of progressiveness,diversity,commonality,inclusiveness,indivisibility,openness,and so on.The historical position of human rights civilization and the development of its value dimensions have shown to the world that human rights are the common wealth of humanity,and human rights belong to all mankind;human rights are historical,concrete,and developmental;the concept of human rights is constantly evolving,and its connotations and categories are constantly expanding;achieving the free and well-rounded development of every person is the highest value realm of human rights civilization.The Chinese modernization endows Chinese civilization with modern strength and opens up new horizons for human rights civilization.The new pattern of human rights civilization to be created by Chinese modernization not only possesses the common characteristics of human rights civilization but also enjoys Chinese characteristics based on its own national conditions,enriching and developing the diversity of human rights civilization for all mankind.展开更多
We develop a cosmological model in a physical background scenario of four time and four space dimensions ((4+4)-dimensions or (4+4)-universe). We show that in this framework the (1+3)-universe is deeply connected with...We develop a cosmological model in a physical background scenario of four time and four space dimensions ((4+4)-dimensions or (4+4)-universe). We show that in this framework the (1+3)-universe is deeply connected with the (3+1)-universe. We argue that this means that in the (4+4)-universe there exists a duality relation between the (1+3)-universe and the (3+1)-universe.展开更多
Different from the previous qualitative analysis of linear systems in time and frequency domains, the method for describing nonlinear systems quantitatively is proposed based on correlated dimensions. Nonlinear dynami...Different from the previous qualitative analysis of linear systems in time and frequency domains, the method for describing nonlinear systems quantitatively is proposed based on correlated dimensions. Nonlinear dynamics theory is used to analyze the pressure data of a contrarotating axial flow fan. The delay time is 18 and the embedded dimension varies from 1 to 25 through phase-space reconstruction. In addition, the correlated dimensions are calculated before and after stalling. The results show that the correlated dimensions drop from 1. 428 before stalling to 1. 198 after stalling, so they are sensitive to the stalling signal of the fan and can be used as a characteristic quantity for the judging of the fan stalling.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to discuss the spatial pattern changes of land use in Tianjin new coastal area based on fractal dimensions.[Method] By dint of remote and geographic information system technology to obtain the ...[Objective] The aim was to discuss the spatial pattern changes of land use in Tianjin new coastal area based on fractal dimensions.[Method] By dint of remote and geographic information system technology to obtain the data of urban land use in new coastal area from 1993 to 2008,the boundary dimension,radius dimension and information dimension of each land use type were calculated based on fractal dimension.In addition,the revealed land use spatial dimension changes characteristics were analyzed.[Result] The spatial distribution of each land use type in new costal area had distinct fractal characteristics.And,the amount and changes of three types of dimension values effectively revealed the changes of complicatedness,centeredness and evenness of spatial pattern of land use in the study area.The boundary dimension of unused land and salty earth increased incessantly,which suggested its increasing complicatedness.The boundary of the port and wharf and shoal land was getting simpler.The radius dimension of the cultivated land was larger than 2,which suggested that its area spread from center to the surroundings;the one in salty land and waters distributed evenly within different radius space to the center of the city;the one in other land use types reduced gradually from center to the surroundings.The information dimension value in the woodland and orchard land,unused land and shoal land was small,and was in obvious concentrated distribution;the spatial distribution of cultivated and salty land concentrated in the outside area;the construction area in the port and wharf spread gradually on the basis of original state;the spatial distribution of waters and residents and mines were even.[Conclusion] Applying fractal dimensions to the study of spatial pattern changes of urban land use can make up for some disadvantages in classical urban spatial pattern quantitative research,which has favorable practical value.展开更多
The present status of self-elevating drilling units was analysed. Based on statistics of the main dimensions of self-elevating drilling units, a mathematical model was established using stepwise return procedures and ...The present status of self-elevating drilling units was analysed. Based on statistics of the main dimensions of self-elevating drilling units, a mathematical model was established using stepwise return procedures and a back-propagation neural network. mathematical model is applicable and reliable. The of the main dimensions of self-elevating drilling Analysis of examples of calculations showed that the model is useful for mastering the essential variations units and can be used for technical and economic analysis as well as in conceptual designs of drilling units.展开更多
Intercultural communication competence can help us adapt better to the host culture and deal with culture shock successfully. This paper mainly discusses the dimensions of intercultural communication competence.
The waterway in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has long been known as the Golden Waterway and has served as an important link in the construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Therefore,expandi...The waterway in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has long been known as the Golden Waterway and has served as an important link in the construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Therefore,expanding its dimensions is a significant goal,particularly given the long-range cumulative erosion occurring downstream of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD),which has been concentrated in the dry river channel.With the regulation of the volume from upstream reservoirs and the TGD,the minimum discharge and water level of the river downstream are increasing,and creating favorable conditions for the increase of the depth of the waterway.The discharge compensation effect during the dry season offsets the decline in the water level of the river channel caused by the down-cutting of part of the riverbed,but the minimum navigable water level of the segment near the dam still shows a declining trend.In recent years,several waterway remediation projects have been implemented in the downstream reaches of the TGD and although the waterway depth and width have been increased,the channel dimensions are still insufficient in the Yichang-Anqing reach (with a total length of 1026 km),as compared to the upstream reservoir area and the deep water channel in the downstream tidal reaches.A comprehensive analysis of the water depth and the number and length of shoals in the waterway indicates that its dimensions can be increased to 4.5 m ×200 m and 6.0 m×200 m in the Yichang-Wuhan and Wuhan-Anqing reaches,respectively.This is also feasible given the remediation technologies currently available,but remediation projects need to be coordinated with those for flood prevention and ecological protection.展开更多
The linear relationship between fractal dimensions of a type of generalized Weierstrass functions and the order of their fractional calculus has been proved. The graphs and numerical results given here further indicat...The linear relationship between fractal dimensions of a type of generalized Weierstrass functions and the order of their fractional calculus has been proved. The graphs and numerical results given here further indicate the corresponding relationship.展开更多
Let R be a ring. We define a dimension, called P-cotorsion dimension, for modules and rings. The aim of this article is to investigate P-cotorsion dimensions of modules and rings and the relations between P-cotorsion ...Let R be a ring. We define a dimension, called P-cotorsion dimension, for modules and rings. The aim of this article is to investigate P-cotorsion dimensions of modules and rings and the relations between P-cotorsion dimension and other homological dimensions. This dimension has nice properties when the ring in consideration is generalized morphic.展开更多
In this paper, we consider the heat flow for the Hsystem with constant mean curvature in higher dimensions. We give sufficient conditions on the initial data such that the heat flow develops finite time singularity. W...In this paper, we consider the heat flow for the Hsystem with constant mean curvature in higher dimensions. We give sufficient conditions on the initial data such that the heat flow develops finite time singularity. We also provide a new set of initial data to guarantee the existence of global regular solution to the heat flow, that converges to zero in W 1,n with the decay rate t 2/(2-n) as time goes to infinity.展开更多
Without much understanding of different cultures,it is common for people to hold stereotypes,which,negative or positive,hamper intercultural communication.Some North Americans are also stereotyped toward Chinese.Geert...Without much understanding of different cultures,it is common for people to hold stereotypes,which,negative or positive,hamper intercultural communication.Some North Americans are also stereotyped toward Chinese.Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions can be employed to discuss the cultural elements under the surface of their stereotypes.To be a successful communicator in diverse cultural background,understanding of the target culture and being tolerant of the diversity are significant.展开更多
Fractional integral of continuous functions has been discussed in the present paper. If the order of Riemann-Liouville fractional integral is v, fractal dimension of Riemann-Liouville fractional integral of any contin...Fractional integral of continuous functions has been discussed in the present paper. If the order of Riemann-Liouville fractional integral is v, fractal dimension of Riemann-Liouville fractional integral of any continuous functions on a closed interval is no more than 2 - v.展开更多
Let A be an Artin algebra.We investigate subalgebras of A with certain conditions and obtain some classes of algebras whose finitistic dimensions are finite.
1 Introduction In the present paper, we consider the Cauchy problem of the Klein-Gordon-Zakharov equations with different propagation speeds in three space dimensions:
Potassium ion batteries(PIBs)with the prominent advantages of sufficient reserves and economical cost are attractive candidates of new rechargeable batteries for large-grid electrochemical energy storage systems(EESs)...Potassium ion batteries(PIBs)with the prominent advantages of sufficient reserves and economical cost are attractive candidates of new rechargeable batteries for large-grid electrochemical energy storage systems(EESs).However,there are still some obstacles like large size of K+to commercial PIBs applications.Therefore,rational structural design based on appropriate materials is essential to obtain practical PIBs anode with K+accommodated and fast diffused.Nanostructural design has been considered as one of the effective strategies to solve these issues owing to unique physicochemical properties.Accordingly,quite a few recent anode materials with different dimensions in PIBs have been reported,mainly involving in carbon materials,metal-based chalcogenides(MCs),metal-based oxides(MOs),and alloying materials.Among these anodes,nanostructural carbon materials with shorter ionic transfer path are beneficial for decreasing the resistances of transportation.Besides,MCs,MOs,and alloying materials with nanostructures can effectively alleviate their stress changes.Herein,these materials are classified into 0D,1D,2D,and 3D.Particularly,the relationship between different dimensional structures and the corresponding electrochemical performances has been outlined.Meanwhile,some strategies are proposed to deal with the current disadvantages.Hope that the readers are enlightened from this review to carry out further experiments better.展开更多
In basic homological algebra, the flat and injective dimensions of modules play an important and fundamental role. In this paper, the closely related IFP-flat and IFP-injective dimensions are introduced and studied. W...In basic homological algebra, the flat and injective dimensions of modules play an important and fundamental role. In this paper, the closely related IFP-flat and IFP-injective dimensions are introduced and studied. We show that IFP-fd(M) = IFP-id(M+) and IFP-fd(M+)=IFP-id(M) for any R-module M over any ring R. Let :Z-In (resp., "Zgv,~) he the class of all left (resp., right) R-modules of IFP-injective (resp., IFP-flat) dimension at most n. We prove that every right R-module has an IFn- preenvelope, (IFn,IF⊥n) is a perfect cotorsion theory over any ring R, and for any ring R with IFP-id(RR) 〈 n, (IIn,II⊥n) is a perfect cotorsion theory. This generalizes and improves the earlier work (J. Algebra 242 (2001), 447-459). Finally, some applications are given.展开更多
This paper deals with the Hausdorff dimensions of the global attractor for a class of Kirchhoff-type coupled equations with strong damping and source terms. We obtain a precise estimate of upper bound of Hausdorff dim...This paper deals with the Hausdorff dimensions of the global attractor for a class of Kirchhoff-type coupled equations with strong damping and source terms. We obtain a precise estimate of upper bound of Hausdorff dimension of the global attractor.展开更多
文摘The idea of a human community with a shared future was proposed by the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core for the future development of human beings to face up to the most important question in today's world:“What is happening to the world and what should we do?”It profoundly answers the question of the world,history,and the times.The theory of a human community with a shared future is an innovative theory with a multidimensional formation logic that guides humanity toward continually seeking common interests and values.This paper dives into the profound motivations behind building a human community with a shared future from historical,cultural,and practical dimensions and analyzes its epochal value from both domestic and international perspectives.This not only helps exert China's role in the international community,contributing Chinese strength to the construction of a peaceful,stable,and prosperous human society,but also enhances the influence of the idea of a human community with a shared future in the international community,accelerating the building of a human community with a shared future that considers the legitimate concerns of all countries,and aiding in solving the crises facing the world.
基金supported by the Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fundamental Fund fiscal year 2023The fifth author (V.Kamchoom)acknowledges the financial support from the National Science,Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF)at King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (KMITL),Thailand (Grant No.FRB66065/0258-RE-KRIS/FF66/53)+1 种基金the Climate Change and Climate Variability Research in Monsoon Asia (CMON3)from the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) (Grant No.N10A650844)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC).
文摘Tunnel heading stability in two dimensions(2D)has been extensively investigated by numerous scholars in the past decade.One significant limitation of 2D analysis is the absence of actual tunnel geometry modeling with a considerable degree of idealization.Nevertheless,it is possible to study the stability of tunnels in three dimensions(3D)with a rectangular shape using finite element limit analysis(FELA)and a nonlinear programming technique.This paper employs 3D FELA to generate rigorous solutions for stability numbers,failure mechanisms,and safety factors for rectangular-shaped tunnels.To further explore the usefulness of the produced results,multivariate adaptive regression spline(MARS)is used for machine learning of big dataset and development of design equations for practical design applications.The study should be of great benefit to tunnel design practices using the developed equations provided in the paper.
基金part of“Research on Contemporary Chinese Outlook on Human Rights,”a major project of the Marxist theoretical research and development project(Project Approval Number 2O23MZDO25)“Research on the New Form of Chinese Human Rights Civilization,”a key project of The National Social Science Fund of China(Project Approval Number 21AZDO095)the Jilin University Philosophy and Social Science Research Innovation Team’s“Theoretical Interpretation and Discourse Shaping of the Chinese Human Rights Road”(Project Approval Number 2022CXTD05)。
文摘Human beings are the mainstay and the ultimate goal of civilization.The history of human civilization is a continuous struggle to realize the respect,liberation,protection,and development of humanity.Human rights are an achievement of humanity and a symbol of progress,and the human rights civilization is an important component of human civilization.Understanding and interpreting human rights from the perspective of human rights civilization means that human rights are not only a concept or an idea but also a grand historical and long-term social practice.Up to now,the development of human rights civilization has roughly experienced four awakening eras:initialization,revolution,popularization,and globalization.In terms of its value dimensions,it has the characteristics of progressiveness,diversity,commonality,inclusiveness,indivisibility,openness,and so on.The historical position of human rights civilization and the development of its value dimensions have shown to the world that human rights are the common wealth of humanity,and human rights belong to all mankind;human rights are historical,concrete,and developmental;the concept of human rights is constantly evolving,and its connotations and categories are constantly expanding;achieving the free and well-rounded development of every person is the highest value realm of human rights civilization.The Chinese modernization endows Chinese civilization with modern strength and opens up new horizons for human rights civilization.The new pattern of human rights civilization to be created by Chinese modernization not only possesses the common characteristics of human rights civilization but also enjoys Chinese characteristics based on its own national conditions,enriching and developing the diversity of human rights civilization for all mankind.
文摘We develop a cosmological model in a physical background scenario of four time and four space dimensions ((4+4)-dimensions or (4+4)-universe). We show that in this framework the (1+3)-universe is deeply connected with the (3+1)-universe. We argue that this means that in the (4+4)-universe there exists a duality relation between the (1+3)-universe and the (3+1)-universe.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2005018)the Graduate Research and Innovation Plan of Jiangsu Province(CX07B-061Z)~~
文摘Different from the previous qualitative analysis of linear systems in time and frequency domains, the method for describing nonlinear systems quantitatively is proposed based on correlated dimensions. Nonlinear dynamics theory is used to analyze the pressure data of a contrarotating axial flow fan. The delay time is 18 and the embedded dimension varies from 1 to 25 through phase-space reconstruction. In addition, the correlated dimensions are calculated before and after stalling. The results show that the correlated dimensions drop from 1. 428 before stalling to 1. 198 after stalling, so they are sensitive to the stalling signal of the fan and can be used as a characteristic quantity for the judging of the fan stalling.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Fund Program(40705038)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to discuss the spatial pattern changes of land use in Tianjin new coastal area based on fractal dimensions.[Method] By dint of remote and geographic information system technology to obtain the data of urban land use in new coastal area from 1993 to 2008,the boundary dimension,radius dimension and information dimension of each land use type were calculated based on fractal dimension.In addition,the revealed land use spatial dimension changes characteristics were analyzed.[Result] The spatial distribution of each land use type in new costal area had distinct fractal characteristics.And,the amount and changes of three types of dimension values effectively revealed the changes of complicatedness,centeredness and evenness of spatial pattern of land use in the study area.The boundary dimension of unused land and salty earth increased incessantly,which suggested its increasing complicatedness.The boundary of the port and wharf and shoal land was getting simpler.The radius dimension of the cultivated land was larger than 2,which suggested that its area spread from center to the surroundings;the one in salty land and waters distributed evenly within different radius space to the center of the city;the one in other land use types reduced gradually from center to the surroundings.The information dimension value in the woodland and orchard land,unused land and shoal land was small,and was in obvious concentrated distribution;the spatial distribution of cultivated and salty land concentrated in the outside area;the construction area in the port and wharf spread gradually on the basis of original state;the spatial distribution of waters and residents and mines were even.[Conclusion] Applying fractal dimensions to the study of spatial pattern changes of urban land use can make up for some disadvantages in classical urban spatial pattern quantitative research,which has favorable practical value.
基金Supported by the National 863 Plan Foundation under Grant No.2003AA414060
文摘The present status of self-elevating drilling units was analysed. Based on statistics of the main dimensions of self-elevating drilling units, a mathematical model was established using stepwise return procedures and a back-propagation neural network. mathematical model is applicable and reliable. The of the main dimensions of self-elevating drilling Analysis of examples of calculations showed that the model is useful for mastering the essential variations units and can be used for technical and economic analysis as well as in conceptual designs of drilling units.
文摘Intercultural communication competence can help us adapt better to the host culture and deal with culture shock successfully. This paper mainly discusses the dimensions of intercultural communication competence.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grants No.2016YFC0402306 and 2016YFC0402106)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51809131)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Yellow River Sediment Research,Ministry of Water Resources of China(Grant No.2016002)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(Grants No.TKS160103,TKS180201,and TKS180411)
文摘The waterway in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has long been known as the Golden Waterway and has served as an important link in the construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.Therefore,expanding its dimensions is a significant goal,particularly given the long-range cumulative erosion occurring downstream of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD),which has been concentrated in the dry river channel.With the regulation of the volume from upstream reservoirs and the TGD,the minimum discharge and water level of the river downstream are increasing,and creating favorable conditions for the increase of the depth of the waterway.The discharge compensation effect during the dry season offsets the decline in the water level of the river channel caused by the down-cutting of part of the riverbed,but the minimum navigable water level of the segment near the dam still shows a declining trend.In recent years,several waterway remediation projects have been implemented in the downstream reaches of the TGD and although the waterway depth and width have been increased,the channel dimensions are still insufficient in the Yichang-Anqing reach (with a total length of 1026 km),as compared to the upstream reservoir area and the deep water channel in the downstream tidal reaches.A comprehensive analysis of the water depth and the number and length of shoals in the waterway indicates that its dimensions can be increased to 4.5 m ×200 m and 6.0 m×200 m in the Yichang-Wuhan and Wuhan-Anqing reaches,respectively.This is also feasible given the remediation technologies currently available,but remediation projects need to be coordinated with those for flood prevention and ecological protection.
文摘The linear relationship between fractal dimensions of a type of generalized Weierstrass functions and the order of their fractional calculus has been proved. The graphs and numerical results given here further indicate the corresponding relationship.
基金supported by Collegial Natural Science Research Program of Education Department of Jiangsu Province (07KJD110043)
文摘Let R be a ring. We define a dimension, called P-cotorsion dimension, for modules and rings. The aim of this article is to investigate P-cotorsion dimensions of modules and rings and the relations between P-cotorsion dimension and other homological dimensions. This dimension has nice properties when the ring in consideration is generalized morphic.
文摘In this paper, we consider the heat flow for the Hsystem with constant mean curvature in higher dimensions. We give sufficient conditions on the initial data such that the heat flow develops finite time singularity. We also provide a new set of initial data to guarantee the existence of global regular solution to the heat flow, that converges to zero in W 1,n with the decay rate t 2/(2-n) as time goes to infinity.
文摘Without much understanding of different cultures,it is common for people to hold stereotypes,which,negative or positive,hamper intercultural communication.Some North Americans are also stereotyped toward Chinese.Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions can be employed to discuss the cultural elements under the surface of their stereotypes.To be a successful communicator in diverse cultural background,understanding of the target culture and being tolerant of the diversity are significant.
文摘Fractional integral of continuous functions has been discussed in the present paper. If the order of Riemann-Liouville fractional integral is v, fractal dimension of Riemann-Liouville fractional integral of any continuous functions on a closed interval is no more than 2 - v.
基金Supported by the NSFC (10771112)NSF of Shandong Province (Y2008A05)
文摘Let A be an Artin algebra.We investigate subalgebras of A with certain conditions and obtain some classes of algebras whose finitistic dimensions are finite.
基金Foundation item: This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of P. R. China(No. 10271084).
文摘1 Introduction In the present paper, we consider the Cauchy problem of the Klein-Gordon-Zakharov equations with different propagation speeds in three space dimensions:
基金the Start-up Funding of Jinan University(Grant No.88016105 and Grant No.55800001)the discipline construction outstanding young backbone project(Grant No.12819023)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.11620317).
文摘Potassium ion batteries(PIBs)with the prominent advantages of sufficient reserves and economical cost are attractive candidates of new rechargeable batteries for large-grid electrochemical energy storage systems(EESs).However,there are still some obstacles like large size of K+to commercial PIBs applications.Therefore,rational structural design based on appropriate materials is essential to obtain practical PIBs anode with K+accommodated and fast diffused.Nanostructural design has been considered as one of the effective strategies to solve these issues owing to unique physicochemical properties.Accordingly,quite a few recent anode materials with different dimensions in PIBs have been reported,mainly involving in carbon materials,metal-based chalcogenides(MCs),metal-based oxides(MOs),and alloying materials.Among these anodes,nanostructural carbon materials with shorter ionic transfer path are beneficial for decreasing the resistances of transportation.Besides,MCs,MOs,and alloying materials with nanostructures can effectively alleviate their stress changes.Herein,these materials are classified into 0D,1D,2D,and 3D.Particularly,the relationship between different dimensional structures and the corresponding electrochemical performances has been outlined.Meanwhile,some strategies are proposed to deal with the current disadvantages.Hope that the readers are enlightened from this review to carry out further experiments better.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(10961021,11001222)
文摘In basic homological algebra, the flat and injective dimensions of modules play an important and fundamental role. In this paper, the closely related IFP-flat and IFP-injective dimensions are introduced and studied. We show that IFP-fd(M) = IFP-id(M+) and IFP-fd(M+)=IFP-id(M) for any R-module M over any ring R. Let :Z-In (resp., "Zgv,~) he the class of all left (resp., right) R-modules of IFP-injective (resp., IFP-flat) dimension at most n. We prove that every right R-module has an IFn- preenvelope, (IFn,IF⊥n) is a perfect cotorsion theory over any ring R, and for any ring R with IFP-id(RR) 〈 n, (IIn,II⊥n) is a perfect cotorsion theory. This generalizes and improves the earlier work (J. Algebra 242 (2001), 447-459). Finally, some applications are given.
文摘This paper deals with the Hausdorff dimensions of the global attractor for a class of Kirchhoff-type coupled equations with strong damping and source terms. We obtain a precise estimate of upper bound of Hausdorff dimension of the global attractor.