The crystallization process of the eutectic composition of GdAlO_3-Al_2O_3 from the amorphous phase prepared by rapid-quenching of melt that leads to the formation of a cantaloupe skin-like microstructure was investig...The crystallization process of the eutectic composition of GdAlO_3-Al_2O_3 from the amorphous phase prepared by rapid-quenching of melt that leads to the formation of a cantaloupe skin-like microstructure was investigated using focused ion-beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM).The amorphous films were heat-treated at temperatures between 1000 °C and 1500 °C for up to 30min to form the eutectic phases of GdAlO_3 and Al_2O_3.The GdAlO_3 and Al_2O_3 crystal phases that formed from the amorphous phase were identified by FIB-SEM and HR-TEM.Both components began to crystallize and grow from the amorphous phase separately at different temperatures.The formation process of these crystal phases was different from that of the ordinary eutectic microstructure solidified from the GdAlO_3-Al_2O_3 system.Therefore,the observed structure is termed "eutectic-like" for distinction.The microstructures formed from the amorphous phases at sufficiently high temperatures consisted of ultra-fine microstructures of individually crystallized components and were similar to ordinary eutectic microstructures.By heat-treating the amorphous films at 1500 °C for either 2 min,8min or 30min,the ultra-fine components of GdAlO_3 and Al_2O_3 were found to crystallize following a eutectic-like stage after 8min of heat treatment.展开更多
FIB-SEM(Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscope)双束系统是集聚焦离子束和扫描电子显微镜与一体的系统,其最大的优势是可以实现离子束切割或微加工的同时用电子束实时观察的功能。主要介绍FIB-SEM双束系统在PCB及IC载板缺陷...FIB-SEM(Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscope)双束系统是集聚焦离子束和扫描电子显微镜与一体的系统,其最大的优势是可以实现离子束切割或微加工的同时用电子束实时观察的功能。主要介绍FIB-SEM双束系统在PCB及IC载板缺陷检测中的常见应用,如盲孔孔底分析、杂物失效分析和晶体结构分析。展开更多
聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜(Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscope,FIB-SEM)双束系统结合了扫描电子显微镜与聚焦离子束系统的优势。基于该系统的高分辨率、原位加工及观测的特点,研究了它在缺陷与像元解剖分析、透射电镜样品...聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜(Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscope,FIB-SEM)双束系统结合了扫描电子显微镜与聚焦离子束系统的优势。基于该系统的高分辨率、原位加工及观测的特点,研究了它在缺陷与像元解剖分析、透射电镜样品制备以及电路修复等方面的应用。详细介绍了用FIB-SEM系统定位问题像元的方法和修复电路的具体过程,并阐明了它对红外焦平面探测器研制的重要作用。该系统是高性能红外探测器研制过程中不可或缺的重要表征手段。展开更多
The three-dimensional(3D)morphology,anatomy,and in-situ chemical composition analysis of fossils are crucial for systematic paleontology and determining their phylogenetic positions.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)co...The three-dimensional(3D)morphology,anatomy,and in-situ chemical composition analysis of fossils are crucial for systematic paleontology and determining their phylogenetic positions.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),offers valuable structural and chemical information for the analysis of fossils.However,its primary limitation is the restriction to two-dimensional surface data,which limits the exploration of fossils’3D complexities.Conversely,3D X-ray microscopy(3D-XRM),also known as a novel form of micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)facilitates the non-destructive 3D reconstruction of fossil specimens.Nevertheless,it lacks the capability to provide in-situ compositional data.Acknowledging the constraints inherent in these individual techniques,and in response to the evolving requirements of paleontological research,this study introduces an integrated approach that combines 3D-XRM with EDS-coupled focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy(FIB-SEM).This innovative strategy is designed to synergize the advantages of both techniques,thereby addressing challenges that conventional methods cannot.It enables the rapid identification of regions of interest(ROI)within fossil specimens at micrometer resolution.Subsequently,this method collects detailed data on both 3D structures and chemical compositions at the nanometer scale for the identified ROI.This integrated approach represents a significant advancement in paleontological and geological research methodologies,promising to meet the increasing demands of these fields.展开更多
Reliable prediction of the shale fracturing process is a challenging problem in exploiting deep shale oil and gas resources.Complex fracture networks need to be artificially created to employ deep shale oil and gas re...Reliable prediction of the shale fracturing process is a challenging problem in exploiting deep shale oil and gas resources.Complex fracture networks need to be artificially created to employ deep shale oil and gas reserves.Randomly distributed minerals and heterogeneities in shales significantly affect mechanical properties and fracturing behaviors in oil and gas exploitation.Describing the actual microstructure and associated heterogeneities in shales constitutes a significant challenge.The RFPA3D(rock failure process analysis parallel computing program)-based modeling approach is a promising numerical technique due to its unique capability to simulate the fracturing behavior of rocks.To improve traditional numerical technology and study crack propagation in shale on the microscopic scale,a combination of high-precision internal structure detection technology with the RFPA^(3D) numerical simulation method was developed to construct a real mineral structure-based modeling method.First,an improved digital image processing technique was developed to incorporate actual shale microstructures(focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy was used to capture shale microstructure images that reflect the distri-butions of different minerals)into the numerical model.Second,the effect of mineral inhomogeneity was considered by integrating the mineral statistical model obtained from the mineral nanoindentation experiments into the numerical model.By simulating a shale numerical model in which pyrite particles are wrapped by organic matter,the effects of shale microstructure and applied stress state on microcrack behavior and mechanical properties were investigated and analyzed.In this study,the effect of pyrite particles on fracture propagation was systematically analyzed and summarized for the first time.The results indicate that the distribution of minerals and initial defects dominated the fracture evolution and the failure mode.Cracks are generally initiated and propagated along the boundaries of hard mineral particles such as pyrite or in soft minerals such as organic matter.Locations with collections of hard minerals are more likely to produce complex fractures.This study provides a valuable method for un-derstanding the microfracture behavior of shales.展开更多
基金part of the study under the "Human Resource Development Center for Economic Region Leading Industry" Projectsupported by the Ministry of Education,Science & Technology(MEST)by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)
文摘The crystallization process of the eutectic composition of GdAlO_3-Al_2O_3 from the amorphous phase prepared by rapid-quenching of melt that leads to the formation of a cantaloupe skin-like microstructure was investigated using focused ion-beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM).The amorphous films were heat-treated at temperatures between 1000 °C and 1500 °C for up to 30min to form the eutectic phases of GdAlO_3 and Al_2O_3.The GdAlO_3 and Al_2O_3 crystal phases that formed from the amorphous phase were identified by FIB-SEM and HR-TEM.Both components began to crystallize and grow from the amorphous phase separately at different temperatures.The formation process of these crystal phases was different from that of the ordinary eutectic microstructure solidified from the GdAlO_3-Al_2O_3 system.Therefore,the observed structure is termed "eutectic-like" for distinction.The microstructures formed from the amorphous phases at sufficiently high temperatures consisted of ultra-fine microstructures of individually crystallized components and were similar to ordinary eutectic microstructures.By heat-treating the amorphous films at 1500 °C for either 2 min,8min or 30min,the ultra-fine components of GdAlO_3 and Al_2O_3 were found to crystallize following a eutectic-like stage after 8min of heat treatment.
文摘FIB-SEM(Focused Ion Beam-Scanning Electron Microscope)双束系统是集聚焦离子束和扫描电子显微镜与一体的系统,其最大的优势是可以实现离子束切割或微加工的同时用电子束实时观察的功能。主要介绍FIB-SEM双束系统在PCB及IC载板缺陷检测中的常见应用,如盲孔孔底分析、杂物失效分析和晶体结构分析。
文摘聚焦离子束扫描电子显微镜(Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscope,FIB-SEM)双束系统结合了扫描电子显微镜与聚焦离子束系统的优势。基于该系统的高分辨率、原位加工及观测的特点,研究了它在缺陷与像元解剖分析、透射电镜样品制备以及电路修复等方面的应用。详细介绍了用FIB-SEM系统定位问题像元的方法和修复电路的具体过程,并阐明了它对红外焦平面探测器研制的重要作用。该系统是高性能红外探测器研制过程中不可或缺的重要表征手段。
基金founded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42022010)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022YFF0800100)the CAS Interdisciplinary Innovation Team(No.JCTD-2020-18)and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association.
文摘The three-dimensional(3D)morphology,anatomy,and in-situ chemical composition analysis of fossils are crucial for systematic paleontology and determining their phylogenetic positions.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDS),offers valuable structural and chemical information for the analysis of fossils.However,its primary limitation is the restriction to two-dimensional surface data,which limits the exploration of fossils’3D complexities.Conversely,3D X-ray microscopy(3D-XRM),also known as a novel form of micro-computed tomography(micro-CT)facilitates the non-destructive 3D reconstruction of fossil specimens.Nevertheless,it lacks the capability to provide in-situ compositional data.Acknowledging the constraints inherent in these individual techniques,and in response to the evolving requirements of paleontological research,this study introduces an integrated approach that combines 3D-XRM with EDS-coupled focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy(FIB-SEM).This innovative strategy is designed to synergize the advantages of both techniques,thereby addressing challenges that conventional methods cannot.It enables the rapid identification of regions of interest(ROI)within fossil specimens at micrometer resolution.Subsequently,this method collects detailed data on both 3D structures and chemical compositions at the nanometer scale for the identified ROI.This integrated approach represents a significant advancement in paleontological and geological research methodologies,promising to meet the increasing demands of these fields.
基金supported by the Central Program of Basic Science of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72088101)"The theory and application of resource and environment management in the digital economy era"+1 种基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41941018)Scientific research and technological development program of RIPED,"major research of basic geologic and synergy research of engineering practice on Gulong shale oil"(No.2021ycq01).
文摘Reliable prediction of the shale fracturing process is a challenging problem in exploiting deep shale oil and gas resources.Complex fracture networks need to be artificially created to employ deep shale oil and gas reserves.Randomly distributed minerals and heterogeneities in shales significantly affect mechanical properties and fracturing behaviors in oil and gas exploitation.Describing the actual microstructure and associated heterogeneities in shales constitutes a significant challenge.The RFPA3D(rock failure process analysis parallel computing program)-based modeling approach is a promising numerical technique due to its unique capability to simulate the fracturing behavior of rocks.To improve traditional numerical technology and study crack propagation in shale on the microscopic scale,a combination of high-precision internal structure detection technology with the RFPA^(3D) numerical simulation method was developed to construct a real mineral structure-based modeling method.First,an improved digital image processing technique was developed to incorporate actual shale microstructures(focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy was used to capture shale microstructure images that reflect the distri-butions of different minerals)into the numerical model.Second,the effect of mineral inhomogeneity was considered by integrating the mineral statistical model obtained from the mineral nanoindentation experiments into the numerical model.By simulating a shale numerical model in which pyrite particles are wrapped by organic matter,the effects of shale microstructure and applied stress state on microcrack behavior and mechanical properties were investigated and analyzed.In this study,the effect of pyrite particles on fracture propagation was systematically analyzed and summarized for the first time.The results indicate that the distribution of minerals and initial defects dominated the fracture evolution and the failure mode.Cracks are generally initiated and propagated along the boundaries of hard mineral particles such as pyrite or in soft minerals such as organic matter.Locations with collections of hard minerals are more likely to produce complex fractures.This study provides a valuable method for un-derstanding the microfracture behavior of shales.
