THERMOHALINE FINESTRUCTURE AND ITS RELATION WITH THE WATER MASSES AND CURRENTS SYSTEM IN THE NORTHERN EAST CHINA SEA

Eighy-one CTD profiles gathered in springtime were used for northem East China Sea tbermohalinefinestructure studies indicating that the finestructure properties vaned with region and depth, as shown infinesructure specra, distribution of Cox numbers etc..Some results closely wiated to distribution of watermasses and Analysis of two typical profiles revealed differenes in autospectra of temperature,salihity and potential density gradients, probobility distribution of temperature finestructure gradient,Cox numberc.etc. The probability density function of vertical temperature gradients, which varied withsample interval, is given. The variances of temperatare finestructare gradient are used to estimate the lat-eral diffusivity and lateral temperatare flux, which were 10.3 （m2/s） and 5.5×10-4 （℃ m/s）,respectivly.

WAVENUMBER AND DEPTH PROPERTIES OF TEMPERATURE FINESTRUCTURE IN THE REGION AROUND THE RYUKYU ISLANDS

Forty two CTD profiles gathered in summertime of 1997 were used for finestructure studies around the Ryukyu Islands indicating that finestructure properties varied with depth; and that the wavenumber spectra density is a negative (-3～-4) power function of the wavenumber in the high wavenumber range. The identical finestructure spectral features in different stations indicate considerable water exchange through the Kerama Trench. The wavelet spectrum’s spatial structure and intermittency is related to the vertical mixing of water.

Thermohaline finestructure observed near the northern Philippine coast

Using hydrographic measurements from three recent surveys in the western tropical Pacific, this study revealed the existence and general features of thermohaline finestructure near the northem Philippine coast. Pronounced finestructttres were detected in the layers of the North Pacific Tropical Water （NPTW） and the North Pacific Intermediate Water （NPIW） during all three cruises and shown to be mainly thermohaline intrusions. Characteristics of the intrusions were further investigated with spiciness curvature and salinity anomaly methods. The vertical scale of the intrusions was 20-50 m and 50-100 m in the NPTW and NPIW layers, respectively. Within the NPTW layer, the Turner angle distribution and correlation between salinity and density anomalies suggested that diffusive convection between surface fresh water and subsurface saline water played an important role in the development and maintenance of the intrusions. In addition, connection between thermohaline finestructure and larger-scale oceanic processes was explored using historical hydrographic data. The results reveal that the salinity field and the distribution of the intrusions in this region were largely determined by mesoscale eddies. As a result of eddy stirring, both isopycnal and diapycnal temperature/salinity gradients were strengthened, which gave rise to the development of thermohaline intrusions. The intrusions acted to enhance heat and salt fluxes and resulted in the mixing of water masses being more efficient. By linking mesoscale eddy stirring to micro-scale diffusion, thermohaline finestructure plays a vital role in the ocean energy cascade and water mass conversion in the northern Philippine Sea.

The multifractal characters of temperature finestructuresin the equatorial western Pacific Ocean

By using part of CTD data collected at 2°S, 155° E during the fall cruise of TOGA project in 1992, themultifractal characters of temperature finestructures are investigated. The absolute temperature gradients are supposedto be multifractal and their moments are computed by conventional box-counting method. It is found that these moments have power dependence on the box size. This power dependence has two different scaling regimes, called Sregime and I-regime resistively, with different scaling exponents. This is consistent with the combined effects of internal waves and boxing. Accordingly, the generalized fractal dimensions (Renyi dimension) of temperature gradientsare derived. A nonlinear curve of the scaling exponents suggest a possible multifractal approach of the temperatureshear. In fact, both regimes can be approximated by Besicovitch- Cantor model, respectively, by suitably chosenmoduel parameters. A phenomenological model is developed on the basis of this two-regime mechanism. The model iscompared with field data and good agreement is achieved.

StudyoffinestructureoftemperatureintheequatorialwesternPacificOceanwithwavelettransform

By using the wavelet transform (WT), we analysed part of the CTD data collected from the equatorialwestern Pacific Ocean, the results show that the temperature fine structure has selfsimilarity and may be describedwith fractal. The singularity exponents of temperature series and their probability distributions are also calculated. Theprobability distribution functions (pdfs) have nearly a universal form. The nonzero probability at negative exponentsimplies the possible existence of sigular points in the temperature profiles. When computing the averaged period of theWT,we find that the mean period of the WT of the temperature series has a power dependence on the transformscale a, i. e. , with ￣ 1 . This suggests that a simple dichomotous cascading mechanism may govern thefine-structure dynamics. In addtion, since the amplitudes of the wavelet transform is related with the strength of thetemperature fluctuations, the vertical distribution of fluctuation energy can be calculated by wavelet transform.Com-pared to the FFT spectrum, the WT spectrum is more smooth and is capable of giving more accurate spectral slopes.

Fine structure of hypobranchial gland of Haliotis diversicolor

Fine structure of the hypobranchial gland of Haliotis diversicolor has been studied by light and electron microscopy. The results showed that the gland is folded pleats organ, which is highly glandular area of the epidermal lining the roof of the mantle cavity. Two such glandular areas, one on each side of the rectum, occur in H. diversicolor. Left one is much larger than fight one. By light microscope, on H-E stained section, four cell types can be divided： cells with weak basophilic fibrillar elements; with acidophilic granular substance; with strong basophiIic fibrillar elements and ciliated ceils. In the basal lamina region under the gland epithelium, there are a few connective tissues. Surface view of the gland could be seen by scanning electron microscope, there are cilia and different kinds of secretions distributed. By transmission electron microscope, supporting cells, sensory cells and seven types gland cells were observed to form the glandular epithelium. Cells are rich in rough endoplasmic reticulum, smooth muscle fiber and nerve endings were found beneath glandular epithelium, between basal lamina.