近年来,FISH(Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization,荧光原位杂交)法作为一种应用分子生物学技术对细胞及细菌等微生物进行定性以及定量分析的研究方法,在国际上得到广泛的应用。本文介绍了应用FISH法对污水处理工艺中细菌数量的计数方...近年来,FISH(Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization,荧光原位杂交)法作为一种应用分子生物学技术对细胞及细菌等微生物进行定性以及定量分析的研究方法,在国际上得到广泛的应用。本文介绍了应用FISH法对污水处理工艺中细菌数量的计数方法。同时介绍了活性污泥试样制作、FISH法观测试样的制作以及各种试剂的配制、作用以及使用方法,基因探针的选择原则、杂交方法等实际操作方法与过程。展开更多
荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术在染色体定位、基因克隆、遗传标记以及染色体畸变研究中得到了广泛的应用。随着分子生物学的飞速发展,用于FISH技术的染色体特异重复序列探针的开发和利用有了巨大进展。就...荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术在染色体定位、基因克隆、遗传标记以及染色体畸变研究中得到了广泛的应用。随着分子生物学的飞速发展,用于FISH技术的染色体特异重复序列探针的开发和利用有了巨大进展。就近年来小麦、黑麦等FISH技术中染色体特异重复序列探针的研究进展及应用作一综述。展开更多
The dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum is often associated with harmful algal blooms (HABs). This species consists of many strains that differ in their ability to produce toxins but have similar morphology, making ide...The dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum is often associated with harmful algal blooms (HABs). This species consists of many strains that differ in their ability to produce toxins but have similar morphology, making identification difficult. In this study, species-specific rRNA probes were designed for whole-cell fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to distinguish A. minutum from two phylogenetic clades. We acquired the complete SSU to LSU rDNA sequences (GenBank accession numbers JF906989-JF906999) of 11 Alexandrium strains and used these to design rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probes. Three ribotype-specific probes, M-GC-1, M-PC-2, and M-PC-3, were designed. The former is specific for the GC clade ("Global clade") of A. minutum, the majority of which have been found non-toxic, and the latter two are specific for the PSP (paralytic shellfish poisoning)-producing PC clade ("Pacific clade"). The specificity of these three probes was confirmed by FISH. All cells in observed fields of view were fluorescently labeled when probes and target species were incubated under optimized FISH conditions. However, the accessibility of rRNA molecules in ribosomes varied among the probe binding positions. Thus, there was variation in the distribution of positive signals in labeled cells within nucleolus and cytosol (M-GC-1, M-PC-3), or just nucleolus (M-PC-2). Our results provide a methodological basis for studying the biogeography and population dynamics of A. minutum, and providing an early warning of toxic HABs.展开更多
荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)是植物分子细胞遗传学研究最为重要的手段之一。近些年,基于参考基因组设计的低拷贝寡聚核苷酸探针在FISH中应用得越来越广泛。然而,由于植物基因组中分布大量的重复序列,这...荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)是植物分子细胞遗传学研究最为重要的手段之一。近些年,基于参考基因组设计的低拷贝寡聚核苷酸探针在FISH中应用得越来越广泛。然而,由于植物基因组中分布大量的重复序列,这使得oligo-FISH的分辨率存在一定局限性。利用包含多个荧光基团的荧光PCR引物,扩增出甘蔗染色体特异oligo探针,并进一步优化甘蔗的荧光原位杂交体系,提高了甘蔗oligo探针识别近缘物种染色体的效率。通过开发多荧光标记的甘蔗oligo探针以及甘蔗荧光杂交体系的优化,有效拓宽荧光信号的最小分辨率,提高信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR),并成功基于甘蔗oligo探针对高粱1-10号染色体分型。多荧光标记引物增强oligo探针信号的新方法及FISH体系的优化为今后在其他物种中提高oligo-FISH鉴定染色体及捕捉微弱的荧光信号提供了参考。展开更多
文摘近年来,FISH(Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization,荧光原位杂交)法作为一种应用分子生物学技术对细胞及细菌等微生物进行定性以及定量分析的研究方法,在国际上得到广泛的应用。本文介绍了应用FISH法对污水处理工艺中细菌数量的计数方法。同时介绍了活性污泥试样制作、FISH法观测试样的制作以及各种试剂的配制、作用以及使用方法,基因探针的选择原则、杂交方法等实际操作方法与过程。
文摘荧光原位杂交(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)技术在染色体定位、基因克隆、遗传标记以及染色体畸变研究中得到了广泛的应用。随着分子生物学的飞速发展,用于FISH技术的染色体特异重复序列探针的开发和利用有了巨大进展。就近年来小麦、黑麦等FISH技术中染色体特异重复序列探针的研究进展及应用作一综述。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41006082)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.20090461272)the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Creative Research Groups(No.40821004)
文摘The dinoflagellate Alexandrium minutum is often associated with harmful algal blooms (HABs). This species consists of many strains that differ in their ability to produce toxins but have similar morphology, making identification difficult. In this study, species-specific rRNA probes were designed for whole-cell fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) to distinguish A. minutum from two phylogenetic clades. We acquired the complete SSU to LSU rDNA sequences (GenBank accession numbers JF906989-JF906999) of 11 Alexandrium strains and used these to design rRNA targeted oligonucleotide probes. Three ribotype-specific probes, M-GC-1, M-PC-2, and M-PC-3, were designed. The former is specific for the GC clade ("Global clade") of A. minutum, the majority of which have been found non-toxic, and the latter two are specific for the PSP (paralytic shellfish poisoning)-producing PC clade ("Pacific clade"). The specificity of these three probes was confirmed by FISH. All cells in observed fields of view were fluorescently labeled when probes and target species were incubated under optimized FISH conditions. However, the accessibility of rRNA molecules in ribosomes varied among the probe binding positions. Thus, there was variation in the distribution of positive signals in labeled cells within nucleolus and cytosol (M-GC-1, M-PC-3), or just nucleolus (M-PC-2). Our results provide a methodological basis for studying the biogeography and population dynamics of A. minutum, and providing an early warning of toxic HABs.
文摘荧光原位杂交技术(fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)是植物分子细胞遗传学研究最为重要的手段之一。近些年,基于参考基因组设计的低拷贝寡聚核苷酸探针在FISH中应用得越来越广泛。然而,由于植物基因组中分布大量的重复序列,这使得oligo-FISH的分辨率存在一定局限性。利用包含多个荧光基团的荧光PCR引物,扩增出甘蔗染色体特异oligo探针,并进一步优化甘蔗的荧光原位杂交体系,提高了甘蔗oligo探针识别近缘物种染色体的效率。通过开发多荧光标记的甘蔗oligo探针以及甘蔗荧光杂交体系的优化,有效拓宽荧光信号的最小分辨率,提高信噪比(signal-to-noise ratio,SNR),并成功基于甘蔗oligo探针对高粱1-10号染色体分型。多荧光标记引物增强oligo探针信号的新方法及FISH体系的优化为今后在其他物种中提高oligo-FISH鉴定染色体及捕捉微弱的荧光信号提供了参考。
