Reliability of the commercially available Cigua-Check? test kits to identify ciguateric fish was evaluated by assessing the uniformity of conclusions by multiple readers examining identical sticks. One hundred and eig...Reliability of the commercially available Cigua-Check? test kits to identify ciguateric fish was evaluated by assessing the uniformity of conclusions by multiple readers examining identical sticks. One hundred and eighty-eight samples of two types of reef fish were tested for ciguatera using Cigua-Check? test strips. Paired subsamples of all specimens were also analyzed via the more rigorous N2a neuroblastoma mouse bioassay that is specific for aberration of Na+-channel activity that is presumptive for ciguatera fish poisoning. In a double blind trial, four individuals visually examined identical Cigua-Check? strips to conclude whether the samples were positive or negative for ciguatera. Of the 121 samples that were shown to be positively ciguatoxic via bioassay, the four strip readers were in agreement in concluding positive ciguateric status in 9.9% of the samples;these four readers concluded these positive samples were negative for ciguatera in 26.2% of these bioassay-positive samples. Of the 67 samples that were shown in N2a bioassay to be negatively ciguatoxic, the four readers were in agreement in concluding a negative ciguateric status in 26.9% of the samples;these four strip readers concluded these same samples were positive for ciguatera in 14.9% of these negative samples. The low levels of uniform conclusions among readers examining identical test strips, and the low frequency of agreement with the correct ciguateric status as shown by separate N2a neuroblastoma analyses indicate severe short-comings in the reliability of these test kits to accurately reflect the ciguateric status of samples. The level of uncertainty associated with Cigua-Check? test kits indicate a continuing need for improvement of a simple, rapid, and reliable means to identify ciguateric fish.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The aim of this work was to use fish processing waste (FW) as main substrate for anaerobic digestion. To enhance the...<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The aim of this work was to use fish processing waste (FW) as main substrate for anaerobic digestion. To enhance the biogas production of FW, co-digestion was done with two other substrates: cow dung (CD) and waste of market (MW). Batch test was carried out in an 1</span><span "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L glass digester in a temperature controlled chamber at 38</span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. The following mixtures were carried out: FW with CD respectively at different ratios 100:0% (A), 80:20%</span></span><span "=""> </span><span "="" style="font-family:Verdana;">(B) and 60:40% (C);FW with MW at the following ratio 80:20% (D);FW with CD and MW respectively at these ratios 80:10:10% (F) and 60:20:20% (G). The biogas produced was measured using a milligas counter</span><sup><span style="color:#4F4F4F;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">®</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></sup><span "="" style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the volume of gas was recorded. The gas composition was determined using gas chromatography. With a pH stable for raw substrates and mixtures, TS and VS (%TS) contents for FW were respectively 31.01% and 91.55%. Between 3 to 13 days of experimentation, the highest flow rate was observed. The percentage of methane was more important for mixtures B and D, 61% and 59% respectively. pH and VOA/T</span><span "="" style="font-family:Verdana;">IC were stable at the end of the batch test for all mixtures, meaning that the organic matter was already well digested. The highest values of Volatile Solid Removal (VSR) were found for mixtures C, D, F and G. Therefore, the promising mixtures for next experimentations in large scale are B and D.</span> </div>展开更多
河道内鱼类上溯路径不唯一,聚集位置更是难以预测,对鱼类上溯行为进行有效引导有助于提升过鱼设施进口的效率。为此,该研究提出了一种导鱼堰的概念和设计方法,结合姚家坪水电站的过鱼设施,利用流场三维数值模拟、鱼类洄游(active fish m...河道内鱼类上溯路径不唯一,聚集位置更是难以预测,对鱼类上溯行为进行有效引导有助于提升过鱼设施进口的效率。为此,该研究提出了一种导鱼堰的概念和设计方法,结合姚家坪水电站的过鱼设施,利用流场三维数值模拟、鱼类洄游(active fish migration,AFM)模型和实鱼试验对导鱼堰的效果进行评估。结果表明:姚家平水利枢纽工程的导鱼堰上下游水面落差为0.36~0.40 m,过堰水流流速可达1.5~2.8 m/s,形成阻鱼的屏障,并在导鱼堰下游侧形成了诱导鱼类向集鱼渠进鱼口游动的唯一低流速上溯通道,鱼类聚集点趋于唯一,验证了导鱼堰方案的合理性。利用鱼类洄游模型对导鱼堰的导鱼效果进行预测,结果表明,下游高水位和低水位2种工况下,90%以上的鱼类游动路径均表现出相似的规律,鱼类沿河道右岸和导鱼堰下游侧的低流速通道上溯,并最终聚集在集鱼渠的进鱼口处。放鱼试验中试验个体全部进入集鱼渠,结果进一步证实导鱼堰可以有效引导鱼类游动路线,并在集鱼渠进鱼口处形成唯一的聚集区。本文提出的导鱼堰丰富了生态水工建筑物的形式,可为过鱼设施进口的水力设计及下游河道的局部整治提供参考。展开更多
睾丸核蛋白癌(nuclear protein of the testis carcinoma),即NUT癌,是伴有睾丸核蛋白基因重排的一种极其罕见并且具有高度侵袭性的恶性上皮细胞肿瘤。临床数据显示NUT癌在实体肿瘤的发生率仅为0.21%[1]。NUT癌的中位总体生存期仅为5个...睾丸核蛋白癌(nuclear protein of the testis carcinoma),即NUT癌,是伴有睾丸核蛋白基因重排的一种极其罕见并且具有高度侵袭性的恶性上皮细胞肿瘤。临床数据显示NUT癌在实体肿瘤的发生率仅为0.21%[1]。NUT癌的中位总体生存期仅为5个月,1年和5年总体生存率分别为24.99%和7.09%。NUT癌最常见的位置是肺部(约占35.3%),其次是头颈部(约占33.6%),纵隔(约占26%)。而原发于腹腔骨盆的只有3例(约占2.5%)[2]。现将本科室收治的1例原发于右侧卵巢(即腹腔骨盆处)的睾丸核蛋白癌女性患儿的临床诊治经过及治疗方案与大家分享,报告如下。展开更多
The utilization of fish embryos in toxicity testing of hazardous chemicals has recently been adopted in order to satisfy stricter rules and regulations related to using adult animals in toxicity testing. This paper pr...The utilization of fish embryos in toxicity testing of hazardous chemicals has recently been adopted in order to satisfy stricter rules and regulations related to using adult animals in toxicity testing. This paper presents optimising steps towards improving zebra fish embryo production in the laboratory. Culture conditions were maintained in the aquaria as stipulated in the OECD draft proposal for a new guideline on fish embryo tests. Furthermore, a sequence of steps were adopted and followed to improve upon previous work done in the lab in 2006. About 200 eggs were produced in one spawn trap within an hour of onset of light, an improvement over the 50 - 60 eggs produced in the previous work. This result demonstrates that with the right culture conditions and proper optimisation of procedure the required number of embryos needed for toxicity testing can be obtained.展开更多
经济合作与发展组织(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development,OECD)2021年颁布虹鳟鱼鳃上皮细胞系RTgill-W1急性毒性试验标准方法(OECD 249,2021)作为鱼类急性毒性试验或其预试验的体外替代方法,因试验体系小、通量高...经济合作与发展组织(Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development,OECD)2021年颁布虹鳟鱼鳃上皮细胞系RTgill-W1急性毒性试验标准方法(OECD 249,2021)作为鱼类急性毒性试验或其预试验的体外替代方法,因试验体系小、通量高、周期短而具良好的应用潜能。但方法被认为对神经毒物可能存在预测偏差,尚无对金属化合物的应用报道。此外,细胞毒性数据与鱼体内数据的相关性未知。目前尚无采用该标准方法的实际应用报道,故方法实际适用性不明确。因此,采用涵盖水生毒性试验常用参比物、金属化合物、神经毒物在内的10种化学品进行该方法应用评价研究。结果表明,参照标准方法,同一实验室结果具可重复性及再现性。除通过细胞凋亡途径导致毒性效应的多菌灵外,其余化学品细胞急性毒性EC 50值与标准鱼种(OECD 203推荐鱼种及稀有鮈鲫)急性毒性LC_(50)值呈良好线性关系(相关系数(r 2)为0.7009~0.7975)。细胞急性毒性EC 50与鱼类急性毒性LC_(50)存在数值差异(差异在10倍以内),但同一实验室采用标准方法建立化学品细胞毒性与标准鱼种的体内急性毒性良好转换关系后,可通过细胞急性毒性准确预测鱼体内急性毒性。此外,OECD 249方法可拓展用于评估高分子量、难溶化学品是否可透过生物膜并产生毒性,决定其登记申报时是否可豁免水生毒性试验。展开更多
文摘Reliability of the commercially available Cigua-Check? test kits to identify ciguateric fish was evaluated by assessing the uniformity of conclusions by multiple readers examining identical sticks. One hundred and eighty-eight samples of two types of reef fish were tested for ciguatera using Cigua-Check? test strips. Paired subsamples of all specimens were also analyzed via the more rigorous N2a neuroblastoma mouse bioassay that is specific for aberration of Na+-channel activity that is presumptive for ciguatera fish poisoning. In a double blind trial, four individuals visually examined identical Cigua-Check? strips to conclude whether the samples were positive or negative for ciguatera. Of the 121 samples that were shown to be positively ciguatoxic via bioassay, the four strip readers were in agreement in concluding positive ciguateric status in 9.9% of the samples;these four readers concluded these positive samples were negative for ciguatera in 26.2% of these bioassay-positive samples. Of the 67 samples that were shown in N2a bioassay to be negatively ciguatoxic, the four readers were in agreement in concluding a negative ciguateric status in 26.9% of the samples;these four strip readers concluded these same samples were positive for ciguatera in 14.9% of these negative samples. The low levels of uniform conclusions among readers examining identical test strips, and the low frequency of agreement with the correct ciguateric status as shown by separate N2a neuroblastoma analyses indicate severe short-comings in the reliability of these test kits to accurately reflect the ciguateric status of samples. The level of uncertainty associated with Cigua-Check? test kits indicate a continuing need for improvement of a simple, rapid, and reliable means to identify ciguateric fish.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">The aim of this work was to use fish processing waste (FW) as main substrate for anaerobic digestion. To enhance the biogas production of FW, co-digestion was done with two other substrates: cow dung (CD) and waste of market (MW). Batch test was carried out in an 1</span><span "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> L glass digester in a temperature controlled chamber at 38</span><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">°</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C. The following mixtures were carried out: FW with CD respectively at different ratios 100:0% (A), 80:20%</span></span><span "=""> </span><span "="" style="font-family:Verdana;">(B) and 60:40% (C);FW with MW at the following ratio 80:20% (D);FW with CD and MW respectively at these ratios 80:10:10% (F) and 60:20:20% (G). The biogas produced was measured using a milligas counter</span><sup><span style="color:#4F4F4F;"><span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:Verdana;">®</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></sup><span "="" style="font-family:Verdana;"> and the volume of gas was recorded. The gas composition was determined using gas chromatography. With a pH stable for raw substrates and mixtures, TS and VS (%TS) contents for FW were respectively 31.01% and 91.55%. Between 3 to 13 days of experimentation, the highest flow rate was observed. The percentage of methane was more important for mixtures B and D, 61% and 59% respectively. pH and VOA/T</span><span "="" style="font-family:Verdana;">IC were stable at the end of the batch test for all mixtures, meaning that the organic matter was already well digested. The highest values of Volatile Solid Removal (VSR) were found for mixtures C, D, F and G. Therefore, the promising mixtures for next experimentations in large scale are B and D.</span> </div>
文摘河道内鱼类上溯路径不唯一,聚集位置更是难以预测,对鱼类上溯行为进行有效引导有助于提升过鱼设施进口的效率。为此,该研究提出了一种导鱼堰的概念和设计方法,结合姚家坪水电站的过鱼设施,利用流场三维数值模拟、鱼类洄游(active fish migration,AFM)模型和实鱼试验对导鱼堰的效果进行评估。结果表明:姚家平水利枢纽工程的导鱼堰上下游水面落差为0.36~0.40 m,过堰水流流速可达1.5~2.8 m/s,形成阻鱼的屏障,并在导鱼堰下游侧形成了诱导鱼类向集鱼渠进鱼口游动的唯一低流速上溯通道,鱼类聚集点趋于唯一,验证了导鱼堰方案的合理性。利用鱼类洄游模型对导鱼堰的导鱼效果进行预测,结果表明,下游高水位和低水位2种工况下,90%以上的鱼类游动路径均表现出相似的规律,鱼类沿河道右岸和导鱼堰下游侧的低流速通道上溯,并最终聚集在集鱼渠的进鱼口处。放鱼试验中试验个体全部进入集鱼渠,结果进一步证实导鱼堰可以有效引导鱼类游动路线,并在集鱼渠进鱼口处形成唯一的聚集区。本文提出的导鱼堰丰富了生态水工建筑物的形式,可为过鱼设施进口的水力设计及下游河道的局部整治提供参考。
文摘睾丸核蛋白癌(nuclear protein of the testis carcinoma),即NUT癌,是伴有睾丸核蛋白基因重排的一种极其罕见并且具有高度侵袭性的恶性上皮细胞肿瘤。临床数据显示NUT癌在实体肿瘤的发生率仅为0.21%[1]。NUT癌的中位总体生存期仅为5个月,1年和5年总体生存率分别为24.99%和7.09%。NUT癌最常见的位置是肺部(约占35.3%),其次是头颈部(约占33.6%),纵隔(约占26%)。而原发于腹腔骨盆的只有3例(约占2.5%)[2]。现将本科室收治的1例原发于右侧卵巢(即腹腔骨盆处)的睾丸核蛋白癌女性患儿的临床诊治经过及治疗方案与大家分享,报告如下。
文摘The utilization of fish embryos in toxicity testing of hazardous chemicals has recently been adopted in order to satisfy stricter rules and regulations related to using adult animals in toxicity testing. This paper presents optimising steps towards improving zebra fish embryo production in the laboratory. Culture conditions were maintained in the aquaria as stipulated in the OECD draft proposal for a new guideline on fish embryo tests. Furthermore, a sequence of steps were adopted and followed to improve upon previous work done in the lab in 2006. About 200 eggs were produced in one spawn trap within an hour of onset of light, an improvement over the 50 - 60 eggs produced in the previous work. This result demonstrates that with the right culture conditions and proper optimisation of procedure the required number of embryos needed for toxicity testing can be obtained.