Low-temperature plasma is a green and high-efficiency technology for chemical warfare agent(CWA)decontamination.However,traditional plasma devices suffer from the problems of highpower composition and large power-supp...Low-temperature plasma is a green and high-efficiency technology for chemical warfare agent(CWA)decontamination.However,traditional plasma devices suffer from the problems of highpower composition and large power-supply size,which limit their practical applications.In this paper,a self-driven microplasma decontamination system,induced by a dielectric-dielectric rotary triboelectric nanogenerator(dd-r TENG),was innovatively proposed for the decontamination of CWA simulants.The microplasma was characterized via electrical measurements,optical emission spectra and ozone concentration detection.With an output voltage of-3460 V,the dd-r TENG can successfully excite microplasma in air.Reactive species,such as OH,O(1D),Hαand O3were detected.With input average power of 0.116 W,the decontamination rate of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide reached 100%within 3 min of plasma treatment,while the decontamination rates of malathion and dimethyl methylphosphonate reached(65.92±1.65)%and(60.88±1.92)%after 7 min of plasma treatment,respectively.In addition,the decontamination rates gradually decreased with the increase in the simulant concentrations.Typical products were identified and analyzed.This study demonstrates the broad spectrum and feasibility of the dd-r TENG-microplasma for CWA elimination,which provides significant guidance for their practical applications in the future.展开更多
An atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） plasma jet generator using air flow as the feedstock gas was applied to decontaminate the chemical agent surrogates on the surface of aluminum, stainless st...An atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） plasma jet generator using air flow as the feedstock gas was applied to decontaminate the chemical agent surrogates on the surface of aluminum, stainless steel or iron plate painted with alkyd or PVC. The experi- mental results of material decontamination show that the residual chemical agent on the material is lower than the permissible value of the National Military Standard of China. In order to test the corrosion effect of the plasma jet on different material surfaces in the decontamination pro-cess, corrosion tests for the materials of polymethyl methacrylate, neoprene, polyvinyl chloride （PVC）, polyethylene （PE）, phenolic resin, iron plate painted with alkyd, stainless steel, aluminum, etc. were carried out, and relevant parameters were examined, including etiolation index, chroma- tism, loss of gloss, corrosion form, etc. The results show that the plasma jet is slightly corrosive for part of the materials, but their performances are not affected. A portable calculator, computer display, mainboard, circuit board of radiogram, and a hygrometer could work normally after being treated by the plasma jet.展开更多
Disposal of the pollutants arising from farming cattle and other livestock threatens the environment and public safety in diverse ways.Herein,we report on the synthesis of engineered biochars using cow dung as raw mat...Disposal of the pollutants arising from farming cattle and other livestock threatens the environment and public safety in diverse ways.Herein,we report on the synthesis of engineered biochars using cow dung as raw material,and investigating these biochars as antibacterial agents for water decontamination.By coating the biochars with N-halamine polymer and loading them with active chlorine (i.e.,Cl+),we were able to regulate them on demand by tuning the polymer coating and bleaching conditions.The obtained N-halamine-modified biochars were found to be extremely potent against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.We also investigated the possibility of using these N-halamine-modified biochars for bacterial decontamination in real-world applications.Our findings indicated that a homemade filter column packed with N-halamine-modified biochars removed pathogenic bacteria from mining sewage,dairy sewage,domestic sewage,and artificial seawater.This proposed strategy could indicate a new way for utilizing livestock pollutants to create on-demand decontaminants.展开更多
A novel acrylate copolymer,polymethylacrylate-β-(bromoacetyl ethyl)ester-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamide[P(MABE-co-DMAA)]was synthesized by the copolymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide and methylacrylate-β-(bromoacetyl ...A novel acrylate copolymer,polymethylacrylate-β-(bromoacetyl ethyl)ester-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamide[P(MABE-co-DMAA)]was synthesized by the copolymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide and methylacrylate-β-(bromoacetyl ethyl)ester.Subsequently,the copolymer was oximated by 4-pyridinium aldoxime(4-PAM),and was abbreviated as PAM-P(MABE-co-DMAA).A maximum oxime conversion of 53.7%was obtained.The as-prepared oximated copolymer PAM-P(MABE-co-DMAA)effectively decontaminated chemical warfare agents(CWAs)including methylphosphonofluoridate(sarin or GB),S-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl O-ethyl methylphosphonothioate(VX),and 2,2′-dichloroethyl sulfide(sulfur mustard,or HD).The detoxification rates were 90.6%for GB,85.7%for VX,and 90.5%for HD.Chromogenic analysis,high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC/MS)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS)were used to identify the decontamination products,and the decontamination mechanism was concluded to be a combination of nucleophilic substitution and a second order Beckmann rearrangement.Furthermore,the active decontamination materials,such as decontamination cloths and covers could be made from the oximated copolymer by virtue of its processability,as well as its strong ability to degrade CWA.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51877205)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.buct201906)+1 种基金the State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian(No.SKLNBC2021-0X)Beijing Nova Program(No.2022015)。
文摘Low-temperature plasma is a green and high-efficiency technology for chemical warfare agent(CWA)decontamination.However,traditional plasma devices suffer from the problems of highpower composition and large power-supply size,which limit their practical applications.In this paper,a self-driven microplasma decontamination system,induced by a dielectric-dielectric rotary triboelectric nanogenerator(dd-r TENG),was innovatively proposed for the decontamination of CWA simulants.The microplasma was characterized via electrical measurements,optical emission spectra and ozone concentration detection.With an output voltage of-3460 V,the dd-r TENG can successfully excite microplasma in air.Reactive species,such as OH,O(1D),Hαand O3were detected.With input average power of 0.116 W,the decontamination rate of 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide reached 100%within 3 min of plasma treatment,while the decontamination rates of malathion and dimethyl methylphosphonate reached(65.92±1.65)%and(60.88±1.92)%after 7 min of plasma treatment,respectively.In addition,the decontamination rates gradually decreased with the increase in the simulant concentrations.Typical products were identified and analyzed.This study demonstrates the broad spectrum and feasibility of the dd-r TENG-microplasma for CWA elimination,which provides significant guidance for their practical applications in the future.
文摘An atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge （DBD） plasma jet generator using air flow as the feedstock gas was applied to decontaminate the chemical agent surrogates on the surface of aluminum, stainless steel or iron plate painted with alkyd or PVC. The experi- mental results of material decontamination show that the residual chemical agent on the material is lower than the permissible value of the National Military Standard of China. In order to test the corrosion effect of the plasma jet on different material surfaces in the decontamination pro-cess, corrosion tests for the materials of polymethyl methacrylate, neoprene, polyvinyl chloride （PVC）, polyethylene （PE）, phenolic resin, iron plate painted with alkyd, stainless steel, aluminum, etc. were carried out, and relevant parameters were examined, including etiolation index, chroma- tism, loss of gloss, corrosion form, etc. The results show that the plasma jet is slightly corrosive for part of the materials, but their performances are not affected. A portable calculator, computer display, mainboard, circuit board of radiogram, and a hygrometer could work normally after being treated by the plasma jet.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51663019)the Natural Science Foundation of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(No.2019JQ03)the Program for National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training(Nos.201911709005 and 201911709006).
文摘Disposal of the pollutants arising from farming cattle and other livestock threatens the environment and public safety in diverse ways.Herein,we report on the synthesis of engineered biochars using cow dung as raw material,and investigating these biochars as antibacterial agents for water decontamination.By coating the biochars with N-halamine polymer and loading them with active chlorine (i.e.,Cl+),we were able to regulate them on demand by tuning the polymer coating and bleaching conditions.The obtained N-halamine-modified biochars were found to be extremely potent against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.We also investigated the possibility of using these N-halamine-modified biochars for bacterial decontamination in real-world applications.Our findings indicated that a homemade filter column packed with N-halamine-modified biochars removed pathogenic bacteria from mining sewage,dairy sewage,domestic sewage,and artificial seawater.This proposed strategy could indicate a new way for utilizing livestock pollutants to create on-demand decontaminants.
文摘A novel acrylate copolymer,polymethylacrylate-β-(bromoacetyl ethyl)ester-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamide[P(MABE-co-DMAA)]was synthesized by the copolymerization of N,N-dimethylacrylamide and methylacrylate-β-(bromoacetyl ethyl)ester.Subsequently,the copolymer was oximated by 4-pyridinium aldoxime(4-PAM),and was abbreviated as PAM-P(MABE-co-DMAA).A maximum oxime conversion of 53.7%was obtained.The as-prepared oximated copolymer PAM-P(MABE-co-DMAA)effectively decontaminated chemical warfare agents(CWAs)including methylphosphonofluoridate(sarin or GB),S-2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl O-ethyl methylphosphonothioate(VX),and 2,2′-dichloroethyl sulfide(sulfur mustard,or HD).The detoxification rates were 90.6%for GB,85.7%for VX,and 90.5%for HD.Chromogenic analysis,high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC/MS)and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS)were used to identify the decontamination products,and the decontamination mechanism was concluded to be a combination of nucleophilic substitution and a second order Beckmann rearrangement.Furthermore,the active decontamination materials,such as decontamination cloths and covers could be made from the oximated copolymer by virtue of its processability,as well as its strong ability to degrade CWA.
