Pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)-triggered immunity(PTI)is an important component of plant innate immunity.In a previous study,we showed that the PAMP flg22 from Xanthomonas citri ssp.citri(Xflg22),the ca...Pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)-triggered immunity(PTI)is an important component of plant innate immunity.In a previous study,we showed that the PAMP flg22 from Xanthomonas citri ssp.citri(Xflg22),the causal agent of citrus canker,induced PTI in citrus,which correlated with the observed levels of canker resistance.Here,we identified and sequenced two bacterial flagellin/flg22 receptors(FLS2-1 and FLS2-2)from‘Duncan’grapefruit(Citrus paradisi,CpFLS2-1 and CpFLS2-2)and‘Sun Chu Sha’mandarin(C.reticulata,CrFLS2-1 and CrFLS2-2).We were able to isolate only one FLS2 from‘Nagami’kumquat(Fortunella margarita,FmFLS2-1)and gene flanking sequences suggest a rearrangement event that resulted in the deletion of FLS2-2 from the genome.Phylogenetic analysis,gene structure and presence of critical amino acid domains all indicate we identified the true FLS2 genes in citrus.FLS2-2 was more transcriptionally responsive to Xflg22 than FLS2-1,with induced expression levels higher in canker-resistant citrus than in susceptible ones.Interestingly,‘Nagami’kumquat showed the highest FLS2-1 steady-state expression levels,although it was not induced by Xflg22.We selected FmFLS2-1,CrFLS2-2 and CpFLS2-2 to further evaluate their capacity to enhance bacterial resistance using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assays.Both FmFLS2-1 and CrFLS2-2,the two proteins from canker-resistant species,conferred stronger Xflg22 responses and reduced canker symptoms in leaves of the susceptible grapefruit genotype.These two citrus genes will be useful resources to enhance PTI and achieve resistance against canker and possibly other bacterial pathogens in susceptible citrus types.展开更多
针对特高压直流输电(Ultra-high voltage direct current,UHVDC)线路中故障区段识别范围广且分类准确率较低的问题,提出了基于能量比优化与模糊逻辑系统(Fuzzy logic system,FLS)的UHVDC输电线路故障区段识别与分类方法。利用全电流代...针对特高压直流输电(Ultra-high voltage direct current,UHVDC)线路中故障区段识别范围广且分类准确率较低的问题,提出了基于能量比优化与模糊逻辑系统(Fuzzy logic system,FLS)的UHVDC输电线路故障区段识别与分类方法。利用全电流代替低频分量优化故障信号的能量比,并将故障区段能量比变化特性用于故障特征提取。将获得的故障特征作为提出的三个FLS模块的输入,该模块分别实现交直流段的故障检测、故障区段的识别以及故障极点的识别与分类。利用Matlab平台搭建线路模型验证所提方法在故障距离、功率角、直流偏置等影响因素下的性能。试验结果表明所提方法的故障检测识别时间短且准确率高。展开更多
OBJECTIVE It has been supposed that mast cells have important participation in the physiopathology of RA,however,the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of RA remains unclear.In this study,we observed the antiapopt...OBJECTIVE It has been supposed that mast cells have important participation in the physiopathology of RA,however,the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of RA remains unclear.In this study,we observed the antiapoptotic effects of tryptase released by mast cell on RA synovial fibroblasts.METHODS Mast cells and fibroblasts synovial were obtained from mouse.Chemical mediator release was assessed by measuringβ-hexosa-minidase release.TSCS and bone marrow-derived mast cells were co-cultured;the toxic effects of TSCS on mast cell was measured by MTT and CCK-8 method;the releasing amount of tryptase in cell supernatants was measured by Elisa assay;the expression of FLS cell membrane receptor PAR-2 was detected by flow cytometry;the apoptosis of FLS cell was detected through flow cytometry and Western blotting;the level of activated Rho-GTP was detected by the pull-down method and Western blotting.RESULTS In this study,we observed the antiapoptotic effects of tryptase released by mast cell on RA synovial fibroblasts,and found that tryptase significantly increased the expression of PAR-2 on the surface of fibroblast-like synovial cell,significantly activated Rho kinase,significantly inhibited apoptosis of fibroblast-like synovial cell induced by CH11.The release rates ofβ-hexosaminidase and the level of tryptase from bone marrow-derived mast cells after stimulation with different antigen and co-cultured with TSCS significantly decreased compared to the control group.In the co-culture system of mast cells and fibroblast-like synovial cells,TSCS treatment significantly inhibited Rho kinase(P<0.05),significantly promoted apoptosis of fibroblast-like synovial cell induced by CH11(P<0.05).CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that tryptase may play a key role in the physiopathology of RA.TSCS can inhibit mast cells activation and promote FLS cells apoptosis.This provide theoretical and experimental basis for the study of mast cells as targets for new anti-RA drugs.展开更多
基金This research was financially supported by the Citrus Research and Development Foundation(CRDF).
文摘Pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)-triggered immunity(PTI)is an important component of plant innate immunity.In a previous study,we showed that the PAMP flg22 from Xanthomonas citri ssp.citri(Xflg22),the causal agent of citrus canker,induced PTI in citrus,which correlated with the observed levels of canker resistance.Here,we identified and sequenced two bacterial flagellin/flg22 receptors(FLS2-1 and FLS2-2)from‘Duncan’grapefruit(Citrus paradisi,CpFLS2-1 and CpFLS2-2)and‘Sun Chu Sha’mandarin(C.reticulata,CrFLS2-1 and CrFLS2-2).We were able to isolate only one FLS2 from‘Nagami’kumquat(Fortunella margarita,FmFLS2-1)and gene flanking sequences suggest a rearrangement event that resulted in the deletion of FLS2-2 from the genome.Phylogenetic analysis,gene structure and presence of critical amino acid domains all indicate we identified the true FLS2 genes in citrus.FLS2-2 was more transcriptionally responsive to Xflg22 than FLS2-1,with induced expression levels higher in canker-resistant citrus than in susceptible ones.Interestingly,‘Nagami’kumquat showed the highest FLS2-1 steady-state expression levels,although it was not induced by Xflg22.We selected FmFLS2-1,CrFLS2-2 and CpFLS2-2 to further evaluate their capacity to enhance bacterial resistance using Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression assays.Both FmFLS2-1 and CrFLS2-2,the two proteins from canker-resistant species,conferred stronger Xflg22 responses and reduced canker symptoms in leaves of the susceptible grapefruit genotype.These two citrus genes will be useful resources to enhance PTI and achieve resistance against canker and possibly other bacterial pathogens in susceptible citrus types.
文摘针对特高压直流输电(Ultra-high voltage direct current,UHVDC)线路中故障区段识别范围广且分类准确率较低的问题,提出了基于能量比优化与模糊逻辑系统(Fuzzy logic system,FLS)的UHVDC输电线路故障区段识别与分类方法。利用全电流代替低频分量优化故障信号的能量比,并将故障区段能量比变化特性用于故障特征提取。将获得的故障特征作为提出的三个FLS模块的输入,该模块分别实现交直流段的故障检测、故障区段的识别以及故障极点的识别与分类。利用Matlab平台搭建线路模型验证所提方法在故障距离、功率角、直流偏置等影响因素下的性能。试验结果表明所提方法的故障检测识别时间短且准确率高。
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81274166,81673665)Project in Hubei Province Department of Education(B20101201)+1 种基金Yichang City Technology Bureau Project(2010A01301-04)China Three Gorges University Research Fund(0620080702)
文摘OBJECTIVE It has been supposed that mast cells have important participation in the physiopathology of RA,however,the role of mast cells in the pathogenesis of RA remains unclear.In this study,we observed the antiapoptotic effects of tryptase released by mast cell on RA synovial fibroblasts.METHODS Mast cells and fibroblasts synovial were obtained from mouse.Chemical mediator release was assessed by measuringβ-hexosa-minidase release.TSCS and bone marrow-derived mast cells were co-cultured;the toxic effects of TSCS on mast cell was measured by MTT and CCK-8 method;the releasing amount of tryptase in cell supernatants was measured by Elisa assay;the expression of FLS cell membrane receptor PAR-2 was detected by flow cytometry;the apoptosis of FLS cell was detected through flow cytometry and Western blotting;the level of activated Rho-GTP was detected by the pull-down method and Western blotting.RESULTS In this study,we observed the antiapoptotic effects of tryptase released by mast cell on RA synovial fibroblasts,and found that tryptase significantly increased the expression of PAR-2 on the surface of fibroblast-like synovial cell,significantly activated Rho kinase,significantly inhibited apoptosis of fibroblast-like synovial cell induced by CH11.The release rates ofβ-hexosaminidase and the level of tryptase from bone marrow-derived mast cells after stimulation with different antigen and co-cultured with TSCS significantly decreased compared to the control group.In the co-culture system of mast cells and fibroblast-like synovial cells,TSCS treatment significantly inhibited Rho kinase(P<0.05),significantly promoted apoptosis of fibroblast-like synovial cell induced by CH11(P<0.05).CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that tryptase may play a key role in the physiopathology of RA.TSCS can inhibit mast cells activation and promote FLS cells apoptosis.This provide theoretical and experimental basis for the study of mast cells as targets for new anti-RA drugs.
