Diclosulam and flumioxazin applied preemergent (PRE) results in direct peanut exposure to these herbicides prior to seedling emergence. Flumioxazin has been reported to induce injury in adverse weather (</span>&...Diclosulam and flumioxazin applied preemergent (PRE) results in direct peanut exposure to these herbicides prior to seedling emergence. Flumioxazin has been reported to induce injury in adverse weather (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> cool-wet soil conditions) at crop emergence. Research at Ty Ty and Plains, Georgia evaluated the physiological effects of PRE herbicides to emerging peanut in 2018 and 2019. Peanut seed with variable germination and different planting dates were evaluated as additional factors. Peanut plant physiological measurements included electron transport (ETR), net assimilation rate (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">net</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), quantum yield of PSII (Φ</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">PSII</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), and stomatal conductance to water vapor (GSW). Data were obtained from V3 to R1 peanut growth stages using a LiCOR 6800, along with stand counts and plant width measures. In 2018, diclosulam reduced peanut ETR when measured across multiple growing degree days (GDD) after planting, compared to the nontreated control (NTC). Flumioxazin reduced peanut ETR compared to the NTC, at several sample timings for each planting date. In 2018 and 2019 at both locations, flumioxazin impacted </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">net</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> less than ETR, but was consistently similar to/or greater than the NTC. Peanut Φ</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">PSII</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> responded similarly as </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">net</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> at each location and yr. GSW was variable in both years</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">however flumioxazin treated plants had higher GSW rates than other treated plants. Peanut stand counts, plant widths, and pod yields noted few differences compared to the physiological measures. Though some peanut plant physiological differences were noted when measured at varying GDD’s after planting with the different PRE treatments, planting date, and seed vigor, no specific trends were observed. Growers will often observe peanut injury from flumioxazin early in the season. However, it is transient and does not affect yield.展开更多
评价草铵膦、丙炔氟草胺及其混剂对砂糖橘园杂草的防除效果及其安全性。田间试验结果表明,用600 g a. i./hm^2200 g/L草铵膦水剂、675 g a. i./hm^245%丙炔氟草胺悬浮剂及396 g a. i./hm^266%氟草·草铵膦可湿性粉剂喷施14 d后,对...评价草铵膦、丙炔氟草胺及其混剂对砂糖橘园杂草的防除效果及其安全性。田间试验结果表明,用600 g a. i./hm^2200 g/L草铵膦水剂、675 g a. i./hm^245%丙炔氟草胺悬浮剂及396 g a. i./hm^266%氟草·草铵膦可湿性粉剂喷施14 d后,对砂糖橘园阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草的鲜质量防效均在95%以上,因此值得在南方砂糖橘园推广使用,尤其是混剂能改善对阔叶类杂草的防效。进一步用叶绿素荧光技术测定了3种药剂低于正常使用剂量喷雾对砂糖橘叶片的影响,结果表明3种药剂对砂糖橘叶绿素荧光参数均有不同程度的影响,其危害程度表现为66%氟草·草铵膦可湿性粉剂> 45%丙炔氟草胺悬浮剂> 200 g/L草铵膦水剂。因此,3种试验药剂均存在一定的安全风险,在使用过程中应避免药液飘移至果树上。展开更多
Giant ragweed was the first glyphosate resistant weed identified in Canada. It is a very competetive weed in row crop production and has been found to drastically reduce yields of soybean;therefore, control of this co...Giant ragweed was the first glyphosate resistant weed identified in Canada. It is a very competetive weed in row crop production and has been found to drastically reduce yields of soybean;therefore, control of this competitive weed is essential. The objective of this study was to determine effective control options for glyphosate resistant giant ragweed in soybean with herbicides applied preplant. Eighteen herbicide combinations were evaluated in field studies conducted in 2011 and 2012 at five locations with confirmed glyphosate resistant giant ragweed. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D ester or amitrole provided the best control of glyphosate resistant giant ragweed 4 WAA. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D ester provided 98 to 99% control and was equivalent to the weed free check at all locations. Glyphosate plus amitrole provided 90% to 93% control and was equivalent to the weed free check at 4 of 5 locations. Herbicides providing residual activity provided variable control across all locations. Of the herbicides with residual activity evaluated, glyphosate plus linuron provided the best control of glyphosate resistant giant ragweed;however, control was inconsistent across locations and years. Glyphosate plus linuron provided 23% to 99% controland was equal to the weed free check at one location 8 WAA.展开更多
文摘Diclosulam and flumioxazin applied preemergent (PRE) results in direct peanut exposure to these herbicides prior to seedling emergence. Flumioxazin has been reported to induce injury in adverse weather (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">i.e.</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> cool-wet soil conditions) at crop emergence. Research at Ty Ty and Plains, Georgia evaluated the physiological effects of PRE herbicides to emerging peanut in 2018 and 2019. Peanut seed with variable germination and different planting dates were evaluated as additional factors. Peanut plant physiological measurements included electron transport (ETR), net assimilation rate (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">net</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), quantum yield of PSII (Φ</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">PSII</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">), and stomatal conductance to water vapor (GSW). Data were obtained from V3 to R1 peanut growth stages using a LiCOR 6800, along with stand counts and plant width measures. In 2018, diclosulam reduced peanut ETR when measured across multiple growing degree days (GDD) after planting, compared to the nontreated control (NTC). Flumioxazin reduced peanut ETR compared to the NTC, at several sample timings for each planting date. In 2018 and 2019 at both locations, flumioxazin impacted </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">net</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> less than ETR, but was consistently similar to/or greater than the NTC. Peanut Φ</span><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">PSII</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> responded similarly as </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">A</span></i><sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;">net</span></sub><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> at each location and yr. GSW was variable in both years</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">;</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">however flumioxazin treated plants had higher GSW rates than other treated plants. Peanut stand counts, plant widths, and pod yields noted few differences compared to the physiological measures. Though some peanut plant physiological differences were noted when measured at varying GDD’s after planting with the different PRE treatments, planting date, and seed vigor, no specific trends were observed. Growers will often observe peanut injury from flumioxazin early in the season. However, it is transient and does not affect yield.
文摘评价草铵膦、丙炔氟草胺及其混剂对砂糖橘园杂草的防除效果及其安全性。田间试验结果表明,用600 g a. i./hm^2200 g/L草铵膦水剂、675 g a. i./hm^245%丙炔氟草胺悬浮剂及396 g a. i./hm^266%氟草·草铵膦可湿性粉剂喷施14 d后,对砂糖橘园阔叶杂草和禾本科杂草的鲜质量防效均在95%以上,因此值得在南方砂糖橘园推广使用,尤其是混剂能改善对阔叶类杂草的防效。进一步用叶绿素荧光技术测定了3种药剂低于正常使用剂量喷雾对砂糖橘叶片的影响,结果表明3种药剂对砂糖橘叶绿素荧光参数均有不同程度的影响,其危害程度表现为66%氟草·草铵膦可湿性粉剂> 45%丙炔氟草胺悬浮剂> 200 g/L草铵膦水剂。因此,3种试验药剂均存在一定的安全风险,在使用过程中应避免药液飘移至果树上。
基金Funding for this project was provided in part by Monsanto Canada Inc.the Grain Farmers of Ontario and the Agricultural Adaptation Council through the Canadian Agricultural Adaptation Program.
文摘Giant ragweed was the first glyphosate resistant weed identified in Canada. It is a very competetive weed in row crop production and has been found to drastically reduce yields of soybean;therefore, control of this competitive weed is essential. The objective of this study was to determine effective control options for glyphosate resistant giant ragweed in soybean with herbicides applied preplant. Eighteen herbicide combinations were evaluated in field studies conducted in 2011 and 2012 at five locations with confirmed glyphosate resistant giant ragweed. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D ester or amitrole provided the best control of glyphosate resistant giant ragweed 4 WAA. Glyphosate plus 2,4-D ester provided 98 to 99% control and was equivalent to the weed free check at all locations. Glyphosate plus amitrole provided 90% to 93% control and was equivalent to the weed free check at 4 of 5 locations. Herbicides providing residual activity provided variable control across all locations. Of the herbicides with residual activity evaluated, glyphosate plus linuron provided the best control of glyphosate resistant giant ragweed;however, control was inconsistent across locations and years. Glyphosate plus linuron provided 23% to 99% controland was equal to the weed free check at one location 8 WAA.