Application and progress of artificial intelligence technology in the segmentation of hyperreflective foci in OCT images for ophthalmic disease research

With the advancement of retinal imaging,hyperreflective foci(HRF)on optical coherence tomography(OCT)images have gained significant attention as potential biological biomarkers for retinal neuroinflammation.However,these biomarkers,represented by HRF,present pose challenges in terms of localization,quantification,and require substantial time and resources.In recent years,the progress and utilization of artificial intelligence(AI)have provided powerful tools for the analysis of biological markers.AI technology enables use machine learning(ML),deep learning(DL)and other technologies to precise characterization of changes in biological biomarkers during disease progression and facilitates quantitative assessments.Based on ophthalmic images,AI has significant implications for early screening,diagnostic grading,treatment efficacy evaluation,treatment recommendations,and prognosis development in common ophthalmic diseases.Moreover,it will help reduce the reliance of the healthcare system on human labor,which has the potential to simplify and expedite clinical trials,enhance the reliability and professionalism of disease management,and improve the prediction of adverse events.This article offers a comprehensive review of the application of AI in combination with HRF on OCT images in ophthalmic diseases including age-related macular degeneration(AMD),diabetic macular edema(DME),retinal vein occlusion(RVO)and other retinal diseases and presents prospects for their utilization.

咖啡因抑制辐照区和旁区细胞的γ-H2AX foci的形成

辐射诱导的旁效应不仅在体外实验存在,也在动物体内存在,这对辐射剂量的计算和辐射风险的评估有重要影响。咖啡因是一个模式辐射敏感剂,显著增强辐射的细胞毒性。咖啡因也显著增强辐射诱导的旁效应,咖啡因处理使未受辐照的旁细胞对损伤信号更加敏感,但其机理并不清楚。在正常人原代细胞AG1522中,分析了咖啡因处理对组蛋白H2AX磷酸化的影响,咖啡因显著减少α粒子辐射区和旁区γ-H2AX foci阳性细胞的比率和每个细胞γ-H2AX foci点数,表明咖啡因处理抑制了H2AX磷酸化,后者启动细胞对DNA双链断裂的修复,从而提示咖啡因增强辐射旁效应可能的机理,对辐射治疗具有重要意义。

APC and K-ras gene mutation in aberrant crypt foci of human colon

AIM To study the genetic alteration in ACF andto define the possibility that ACF may be a veryearly morphological lesion with molecularchanges, and to explore the relationshipbetween ACF and colorectal adenoma evencarcinoma.METHODS DNA from 35 CRC, 15 adenomas, 34ACF and 10 normal mucus was isolated by meansof microdissection. Direct gene sequencing of K-ras gene including codon 12, 13 and 61 as well asthe mutation cluster region (MCR) of APC genewas performed.RESULTS K-ras gene mutation frequency inACF, adenoma and carcinoma was 17.6% (6/34), 13.3% (2/ 15), and 14.3% (5/ 35)respectively, showing no difference ( P > 0.05)in K-fas gene mutation among three pathologicprocedures. The K-ras gene mutation inadenoma, carcinoma and 4 ACF restricted incodon 12 (GGT→GAT), but the other 2 mutationsfrom ACF located in codon 13 (GGC→GAC). K-res gene mutation was found more frequently inolder patients and patients with polypoidcancer. No mutation in codon 61 was found in thethree tissue types. Mutation rate of APO gene inadenoma and carcinoma was 22.9% (8/35) and26.7% (4/ 15), which was higher than ACF(2.9%) (P < 0.05). APC gene mutation incarcinoma was not correlated with age ofpatients, location, size and differentiation oftumor.CONCLUSION ACF might be a very earlymorphological lesion in the tumorogenesis ofcolorectal tumor. The morphological feature andgene mutation status was different in ACF andadenoma. ACF is possibly putative'microadenoma' that might be the precursor ofadenoma. In addition, the development of asubgroup of colorectal carcinomas mightundergo a way of 'normal epithelium→ ACF→carcinomas'.

Evaluation of hyperreflective foci as a prognostic factor of visual outcome in retinal vein occlusion

AIM：To evaluate the potential role of hyperreflective foci（HF） as a prognostic indicator of visual outcome in patients with macular edema（ME） due to retinal vein occlusion（RVO）.METHODS：We retrospectively reviewed 50 eyes of 50 patients with ME due to ischemic central retinal vein occlusion（CRVO）,non-ischemic CRVO and branch retinal vein occlusion（BRVO） who were treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor（anti-VEGF） at Beijing Tongren Eye Center from January 2013 to July 2016.All patients underwent best-corrected visual acuity（BCVA）,spectral domain optical coherence tomography（SD-OCT） at baseline and follow-up.Such factors were evaluated and compared among three groups as baseline and final BCVA,central retinal thickness（CRT）,external limiting membrane（ELM） status and the numbers of HF in different position.Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to analyze the relationship between baseline HF and final BCVA.Changes of HF before and after treatment were evaluated too.RESULTS：Among three groups,HF could be located in each retinal layers,as well as in vitreous cavity.The mean HF in outer retinal layer（ORL） at baseline was 5.29±8.48 in ischemic CRVO with intact ELM,1.93±2.76 in non-ischemic CRVO,and 1.75±2.05 in BRVO.With disrupted ELM,the mean HF in ORL increased.There was statistically difference of HF in ORL between intact and disrupted ELM.The numbers of HF in ORL were associated with poor visual outcome among three groups.However,HF in inner retinal layer（IRL） and vitreous cavity were not associated with poor visual outcome.Meanwhile,the baseline HF in ORL and vitreous cavity reduced significantly in nonischemic CRVO and BRVO after anti-VEGF treatment.CONCLUSION：The numbers of HF in ORL are prognostic factors associated with the final BCVA in patients with ME due to RVO after anti-VEGF treatment.

Foci of Future Studies on Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Maize in the Era of Post-Genomics

Genetic and metabolic engineering approaches are powerful tools for improving the tolerance of maize to abiotic stresses because they are faster and can afford greater control over agronomically useful traits. However, in-depth understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling response to abiotic stresses is the prerequisite for successful implementation of these strategies. A great flaw to dissect the biological mechanisms by genome sequencing is that genome sequencing approach could not reflect real-time molecular actions of plants especially under the stresses because the living organisms rarely live in unchanging environments. Post-genomics such as transcriptomics, metabolomics, and proteomics can generate knowledge that is closer to the biological processes. With the development of post-genomics, it can be expected that voluminous data will be generated. This paper proposes that future research on maize stress tolerance in the era of post-genomics should focus on metabolomics and proteomics; stress tolerance of whole plant rather than individual tissues or organs; coordination of expression of genes among tissues; characterization of promoters of stress-responsive genes; interrelation between mechanisms for tolerance to, and growth recovery from the stress; hexose metabolism as well as the glycolysis pathway; and foundation genotypes.

RUVBL2基因knock-down对Rad51和γ-H2AX foci的影响

用脂质体转染的方法将特定的RUVBL2 si RNA序列转染到真核细胞,并鉴定其在人肺纤维细胞(MRC5 SV)中的表达,以确保RUVBL2基因的knock-down效果。用Rad51和γ-H2AX的特异性抗体进行免疫荧光染色,应用荧光显微镜观察计数Rad51和γ-H2AX foci的数量。Western blot法证实了si RNA以及转染的效率,确定了RUVBL2基因的存在有利于诱导DNA双链断裂(DSB)条件下Rad51和γ-H2AX被招募到DNA损伤位点。

Relationship of human rectal aberrant crypt foci and formation of colorectal polyp:One-year following up after polypectomy

AIM:To clarify the relationship of human rectal aberrant crypt foci and formation of colorectal polyp.METHODS:Eighty-nine subjects were recruited from the population of Japanese individuals who underwent polypectomy at Yokohama City University Hospital.All patients had baseline adenomas removed at year 0 colonoscopy.Aberrant crypt foci(ACF) were defined as lesions in which the crypts were more darkly stained with methylene blue than normal crypts and had larger diameters,often with oval or slit-like lumens and a thicker epithelial lining.RESULTS:A total of 366 ACFs were identified in 89 patients;all had baseline adenomas removed at the first examination(year 0) colonoscopy and returned for the second(year 1).ACF in the lower rectum were assessed at year 0 and study group were divided into two groups depend on ACF numbers,0-3 or over 3.All participants were examined in the number and maximum size of adenoma.There was no statistical difference in number and maximum size of ACF at year 0,however,maximum size of adenoma was larger in over 3 group than 0-3 group at year 1.CONCLUSION:The number of ACF may be a predictive factor of relatively large adenoma incidence in the pilot phase study.

Comment on “Evaluation of hyperreflective foci as a prognostic factor of visual outcome in retinal vein occlusion”

Dear Editor,We’re interested in the article by Mo and colleagues about＂Evaluation of hyperreflective foci as a prognostic factor of visual outcome in retinal vein occlusion＂.They performed a multiple linear regression analysis with backward elimination to analyse the association of best corrected visual acuity（BCVA）with the numbers of hyperreflective foci（HF）in different layers.

Co-Existence of Local Limit Cycles from Degenerate and Weak Foci in Cubic Systems

In this paper, we investigate the existence of local limit cycles obtained by perturbing degenerate and weak foci of two-dimensional cubic systems of differential equations. In particular, we consider a specific class of such systems where the origin is a degenerate focus. By utilizing a Liapunov function method and the stability results that follow, we first determine constraints on the system to maximize the number of local limit cycles that can be obtained by perturbing the degenerate focus at the origin. Once this is established, we add on the additional assumption that the system has a weak focus at , where , and determine conditions to maximize the number of additional local limit cycles that can be obtained near this fixed point. We will ultimately achieve an example of a cubic system with three local limit cycles about the degenerate focus and one local limit cycle about the weak focus.

Azoxymethane-induced rat aberrant crypt foci:Relevance in studying chemoprevention of colon cancer

结肠癌的致病包含顺序并且多走与定义癌症前期的中间人开始到一个癌的状态的上皮细胞的前进。异常地窟 foci (ACF ) 在试验动物和人在冒号致癌作用期间代表最早可看作是相同的中间的癌前期损害。ACF 被冒号特定的致癌物容易在啮齿类动物导致并且能被用来进一步了解冒号致癌作用的过程。为超过二十年，自从它的第一发现， azoxymethane (AOM ) 导致了啮齿类动物 ACF 在屏蔽各种各样的反致癌物和致癌物用作代理人简历标记。几饮食的成分和 phytochemicals 用 ACF 系统为他们的结肠癌 chemopreventive 功效被测试了。在以理解他们的分子的组成定义并且精制 ACF 有实质的努力，并且这个领域里的广泛的研究当前在进行中。在 chemoprevention 研究，导致 AOM 的老鼠 ACF 作为简历标记很成功，并且提供了数据的几标准化分析。有几研究，报导了然而，那个 ACF 数据不相关到实际冒号肿瘤结果并且在那里因此有作为简历标记是关于他们的角色的歧义。这微型评论的范围是在结肠癌 chemoprevention 研究作为简历标记提供导致 AOM 的老鼠 ACF 的珍贵卓见和限制。动力学的角色和 ACF 的生物异质在在 chemoprevention 研究作为简历标记理解他们是关键的。

三江源地区鼠疫耶尔森菌CRISPR基因分型及流行特征研究

目的了解三江源地区鼠疫菌株分布情况,进行规律间隔成簇短回文重复序列(Clustered regularly in-terspaced short palindromic repeats)基因分型研究,为该地区鼠疫疫源地菌株鉴定溯源、科学防控提供理论依据。方法选取三江源地区310株鼠疫菌提取DNA,分别PCR扩增、测序3个CRISPR的位点YPa、YPb和YPc,所测得CRISPR序列与CRISPR Dictionary数据库最新数据进行比对,鉴定CRISPR spacer阵列并对三江源地区鼠疫菌进行基因分型。对310株鼠疫菌结合CRISPR基因型和分离宿主信息进行统计分析。结果310株鼠疫菌共发现26种spacer,分别为YPa15种、YPb8种、YPc3种;310株鼠疫菌被分成16个不同CRISPR基因型,G22型和G22-a1′型分布于整个三江源地区包括称多县、治多县、玉树市、曲麻莱县、囊谦县、杂多县、玛多县、玛沁县、同仁县、泽库县、共和县、同德县、贵德县;G24型分布于泽库县、玛多县、囊谦县、称多县;G26-a1′型主要分布于共和县、兴海县、贵德县、玛多县、称多县、杂多县,16个基因型归类为7个CRISPR类群:Cb4、Cb4′、Ca7、Ca7′、Ca8、Ca35′、Cc3′。结论三江源地区鼠疫菌CRISPR基因型具有多样性,不同疫源地基因型分布特征显著,且不同菌株基因型存在差异。

敌鼠钠盐和溴敌隆毒饵对康保牧场长爪沙鼠灭效研究

目的 通过现场试验,观察不同药物及毒饵在夏季对长爪沙鼠的灭鼠效果,为鼠疫防控提供参考依据。方法 夏季,在康保牧场分别使用0.05%敌鼠钠盐、0.005%溴敌隆开展现场灭鼠试验,同时设置空白对照组,试验组按洞投药,对照组除不投药外,一切与投药区一致;用堵洞查盗法调查鼠密度,待药物生效后,再用同种方法调查灭后鼠密度,计算校正灭效。长爪沙鼠对不同毒饵的适口性通过计数投饵后1、2、3 d的盗食率、耗饵量和耗饵率来计算。结果 荒地0.05%敌鼠钠盐毒饵对长爪沙鼠的校正灭效为90.07%;人工草场0.05%敌鼠钠盐毒饵、0.005%溴敌隆玉米渣毒饵、0.005%溴敌隆莜麦毒饵对长爪沙鼠的校正灭效分别是86.52%、85.94%、83.87%;2种生境,不同毒饵灭鼠效果均较好;长爪沙鼠对3种不同毒饵适口性存在统计学差异,0.005%溴敌隆莜麦毒饵适口性最好。结论 夏季,抗凝血灭鼠剂敌鼠钠盐和溴敌隆仍对长爪沙鼠有较好的杀灭效果,仍然可以应用毒饵法对长爪沙鼠进行杀灭。灭鼠药物首选第一代抗凝血灭鼠剂敌鼠钠盐,若长爪沙鼠对敌鼠钠盐产生抗性,再选择第二代抗凝血灭鼠剂溴敌隆;莜麦作为诱饵的适口性最优。

Aflibercept combined with triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of diabetic macular edema:optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography

AIM:To analyze the relationship between optical coherence tomography(OCT)and OCT angiography(OCTA)imaging in patients with diabetic macular edema(DME)who are treated with a combination of aflibercept and triamcinolone acetonide(TA).METHODS:A total of 76 eyes newly diagnosed DME were included in this study.They were randomly assigned to receive either aflibercept or a combination of aflibercept and TA.Injections once a month for a total of three injections.Central macular thickness(CMT),number of hyperreflective foci(HRF),height of subretinal fluid(SRF),and area of foveal avascular zone(FAZ)were evaluated using OCT and OCTA at baseline and after each monthly treatment.RESULTS:Both groups showed improvement in best corrected visual acuity(BCVA)and reduction in macular edema after treatment,and the difference in BCVA between the two groups was statistically significant after each treatment(P<0.05).The difference in CMT between the two groups was statistically significant after the first two injections(P<0.01),but not after the third injection(P=0.875).The number of HRF(1mo:7.41±8.25 vs 10.86±7.22,P=0.027;2mo:5.33±6.13 vs 9.12±8.61,P=0.034;3mo:3.58±3.00 vs 6.37±5.97,P=0.007)and height of SRF(1mo:82.39±39.12 vs 105.77±42.26μm,P=0.011;2mo:36.84±10.02 vs 83.59±37.78μm,P<0.01;3mo:11.57±3.29 vs 45.43±12.60μm,P<0.01)in combined group were statistically significant less than aflibercept group after each injection,while the area of FAZ showed no significant change before and after treatment in both groups.CONCLUSION:The combination therapy of aflibercept and TA shows more significant effects on DME eyes with decreased HRF and SRF.However,both aflibercept and combination therapy show no significant change in the area of FAZ.

2022年北京冬奥会张家口赛区潜在鼠疫自然疫源地调查研究

目的分析2022年北京冬奥会张家口赛区(崇礼区)和河北省鼠疫自然疫源地(康保县)2018—2021年鼠疫调查资料,对比两地宿主媒介构成和自然地理景观差异,为崇礼区潜在鼠疫自然疫源地的研究提供科学依据。方法2018—2021年在崇礼区和康保县采用5 m夹线法和样方法捕获鼠类,对捕获鼠类及其媒介蚤类进行分类、鉴定;开展鼠疫病原学检测;使用Excel 2010对调查数据进行整理汇总,应用SPSS 19.0软件对调查数据进行统计学分析。结果在崇礼区,采用5 m夹线法有效布夹42000夹次,捕鼠515只,捕获率为1.23%;样方法调查20个样点,未捕到鼠;获鼠体蚤218只,蚤指数为0.42;在鼠体内均未检出鼠疫菌。在康保县,采用5 m夹线法有效布夹14844夹次,捕鼠304只,捕获率为2.05%;样方法共调查1060 hm^(2),捕鼠231只,平均鼠密度为0.22只/hm^(2);获鼠体蚤821只,蚤指数为1.53;在鼠体内共检出鼠疫菌6株,其中分离自长爪沙鼠3株、黑线仓鼠2株、黑线毛足鼠1株。崇礼区黑线仓鼠平均鼠密度明显低于康保县(Z=-2.309,P<0.05)。结论崇礼区与康保县的鼠种和媒介蚤类构成有明显不同,自然地理景观也存在明显差异,崇礼区发生原发性动物间鼠疫流行的可能性不大。

输卵管卵巢脓肿特征性CT表现的分析

目的探讨输卵管卵巢脓肿在MSCT检查中对诊断有价值的特征性表现。方法选取经手术病理证实的输卵管卵巢脓肿患者56例,术前均行CT增强扫描检查,分析临床及影像学资料。结果输卵管卵巢脓肿患者中单独右侧发病28例(50%),单独左侧发病18例(31.14%),双侧发病10例(17.85%)。管道型输卵巢卵巢脓肿26例(46.43%),串珠型为16例(28.57%),多囊型为12例(21.42%),单囊型2例(3.57%)。各种类型的输卵管卵巢脓肿灶的短径比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.016),长径/短径的比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.024),线性囊灶出现于60.71%的输卵管卵巢脓肿,在管道型与其他各分型中所占比例差异有统计学意义(P=0.014)。输卵管卵巢脓肿的囊壁厚度介于0.21~0.35 cm之间,增强扫描厚壁及分隔可见中重度强化,静脉期达到峰值,平均强化程度为43~51HU。结论通过对输卵巢卵巢脓肿CT征象的观察,管道型结构和线性囊灶的出现可提示诊断输卵管卵巢脓肿,对提高影像科医师的准确诊断有一定帮助。

公安院校外语课程思政建设的着力点、原则及实施路径

在全球化不断深入发展的背景下,公安院校外语课程如何在开拓学生国际视野同时,引导学生自觉坚定国家认同和理想信念,是对“培养什么人”“为谁培养人”“怎样培养人”等一系列问题的最好回答。公安院校外语课程思政有其自身特殊性,应通过重构课程价值目标,将国家意识与国际视野培育纳入其中,坚守忠诚警魂育人底色,站稳政治立场,保持开放心态,坚定国家和民族认同,从学校、教师和课堂三个维度畅通实践路径,充分发挥课程的育人价值,提升育警育人实效。

Transmission of Schistosoma mansoni in Yachi areas,southwestern Ethiopia:new foci

Background:Schistosoma mansoni,causing intestinal schistosomiasis,is widely distributed in Ethiopia and new transmission foci are continually reported.Here we report new transmission sites and prevalence ofS.mansoni infection among school children in Yachi areas,southwestern Ethiopia.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted among school children of Yachi Yisa and Yachi Efo elementary schools,southwestern Ethiopia,from April 2017 to June 2017.Three hundred seventeen school children aged six to 15 years were randomly selected to provide stool specimens for helminth infection examination by Kato-Katz and formol-ether concentration techniques.Snail survey was carried out to assess schistosome infection inBiomphalaria pfeifferi.Laboratory bred mice were also exposed to schistosome cercariae shed byB.pfeifferi en masse for definite identification ofSchistosoma species.Results:From the 317 stool specimens examined using double Kato-Katz thick smear and single formol-ether concentration techniques,224(70.7%)were found positive for at least one intestinal helminth species.The most prevalent parasite wasS.mansoni(42.9%)followed byTrichuris trichiura(34.1%)andAscaris lumbricoides(14.2%).The prevalence ofS.mansoni infection was significantly higher among the children attending Yachi Yisa School(49.4%)than those in Yachi Efo School(35.6%)(P=0.002).The study also revealed that there was a significantly higher prevalence ofS.mansoni infection among males(51.2%)than females(33.1%)(P<0.001).However,the prevalence ofS.mansoni infection was not significantly associated with age categories(P=0.839).B.pfeifferi snails infected with schistosomes were collected from the water bodies found in the study area.After six weeks post exposure,adultS.mansoni worms were harvested from the mesenteric veins of laboratory bred mice.Conclusions:The study revealed establishment of newS.mansoni transmission foci and moderate prevalence of schistosomiasis in Yachi areas.Hence,treatment of all school-age children once every two years is recommended.Snail control and non-specific control approaches including provision of clean water supply and health education should also complement mass drug administration of praziquantel.

The zoonotic and natural foci characteristics of SARS-CoV-2

The origin of SARS-CoV-2 is still an unresolved mystery.In this study,we systematically reviewed the main research progress of wild animals carrying virus highly homologous to SARS-CoV-2 and analyzed the natural foci characteristics of SARS-CoV-2.The complexity of SARS-CoV-2 origin in wild animals and the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 long-term existence in human populations are also discussed.The joint investigation of corona virus carried by wildlife,as well as the ecology and patho-ecology of bats and other wildlife,are key measures to further clarify the characteristics of natural foci of SARS-CoV-2 and actively defend against future outbreaks of emerging zoonotic diseases.

Inflammation in diabetic retinopathy: possible roles in pathogenesis and potential implications for therapy

Diabetic retinopathy, characterized as a microangiopathy and neurodegenerative disease, is the leading cause of visual impairment in diabetic patients. Many clinical features observed in diabetic retinopathy, such as capillary occlusion, acellular capillaries and retinal non-perfusion, aggregate retinal ischemia and represent relatively late events in diabetic retinopathy. In fact, retinal microvascular injury is an early event in diabetic retinopathy involving multiple biochemical alterations, and is manifested by changes to the retinal neurovascular unit and its cellular components. Currently, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy is the firstline treatment for diabetic macular edema, and benefits the patient by decreasing the edema and improving visual acuity. However, a significant proportion of patients respond poorly to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatments, indicating that factors other than vascular endothelial growth factor are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic macular edema. Accumulating evidence confirms that low-grade inflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis and development of diabetic retinopathy as multiple inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-1β, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α, are increased in the vitreous and retina of diabetic retinopathy patients. These inflammatory factors, together with growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor, contribute to blood-retinal barrier breakdown, vascular damage and neuroinflammation, as well as pathological angiogenesis in diabetic retinopathy, complicated by diabetic macular edema and proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In addition, retinal cell types including microglia, Müller glia, astrocytes, retinal pigment epithelial cells, and others are activated, to secrete inflammatory mediators, aggravating cell apoptosis and subsequent vascular leakage. New therapies, targeting these inflammatory molecules or related signaling pathways, have the potential to inhibit retinal inflammation and prevent diabetic retinopathy progression. Here, we review the relevant literature to date, summarize the inflammatory mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, and propose inflammation-based treatments for diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular edema.

甘肃会宁县阿拉善黄鼠疫源地鼠洞土壤金属元素含量和动物鼠疫疫情关联性分析

目的调查分析会宁县阿拉善黄鼠疫源地鼠洞土壤8种金属元素含量和动物鼠疫疫情的关联性。方法2020年、2021年夏、秋季采集会宁县黄鼠疫源地的历史疫点的6个样地及非历史疫点的3个样地黄鼠活动洞内土壤,应用原子吸收分光光度计及测定元素空心阴极灯测量土样中8种金属元素铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、铁(Fe)、锌(Zn)、钙(Ca)的含量,并对数据进行统计分析。结果会宁县9个样地的黄鼠活动洞内土壤中8种金属元素中的钙(Ca)含量最高、其次为铁(Fe)含量。历史疫点样地与非历史疫点样地金属元素铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、钙(Ca)含量差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)含量历史疫点样地均高于非历史疫点样地,钙(Ca)含量则非历史疫点样地均高于历史疫点样地。历史疫点各样地黄鼠活动洞内土壤中8种金属元素含量比较,铬(Cr)(H=11.532,P<0.05)、锰(Mn)(H=15.043,P=0.01)、锌(Zn)(H=11.541,P<0.05)、钙(Ca)(H=11.305,P<0.05)元素含量差异有统计学意义,铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铜(Cu)、铁(Fe)元素含量差异均无统计学意义。同一地点2021年铁(Fe)元素含量较2020年增加了1.02倍,2021年铜(Cu)元素含量较2020年下降了1/50。历史疫点各样地黄鼠活动洞内土壤中的铅(Pb)元素的含量和锰(Mn)元素含量呈正相关(r=0.829,P<0.05),与锌(Zn)(r=-0.886,P<0.05)、钙(Ca)(r=-0.852,P<0.05)元素含量呈负相关,锰(Mn)元素的含量和锌(Zn)元素含量呈负相关(r=-0.886,P<0.05),其他元素含量之间均无相关性。历史疫点动物间疫情发生年次数与铁(Fe)元素含量呈正相关(r=0.442,P<0.05),发生动物间鼠疫疫情年次越多,铁含量越高。结论甘肃会宁县阿拉善黄鼠疫源地动物间疫情发生与多数金属元素含量有关联,各元素之间的相互作用和含量比例需要进一步长期动态监测。