AIM:To characterize spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)features of chorioretinal folds in orbital mass imaged using enhanced depth imaging(EDI).METHODS:Prospective observational case-control study was...AIM:To characterize spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)features of chorioretinal folds in orbital mass imaged using enhanced depth imaging(EDI).METHODS:Prospective observational case-control study was conducted in 20 eyes of 20 patients,the uninvolved eye served as a control.All the patients underwent clinical fundus photography,computed tomography,EDI SDOCT imaging before and after surgery.Two patients with cavernous hemangiomas underwent intratumoral injection of bleomycin A5;the remaining patients underwent tumor excision.Patients were followed 1 to 14mo following surgery(average follow up,5.8mo).RESULTS:Visual acuity prior to surgery ranged from 20/20 to 20/200.Following surgery,5 patients’visual acuity remained unchanged while the remaining 15 patients had a mean letter improvement of 10(range 4 to 26 letters).Photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects were found in 10 of 15 patients prior to surgery.Following surgical excision,photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects fully resolved in 8 of these 10 patients.CONCLUSION:Persistence of photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects caused by compression of the globe by an orbital mass can be associated with reduced visual prognosis.Our findings suggest that photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects on EDI SD-OCT could be an indicator for immediate surgical excision of an orbital mass causing choroidal compression.展开更多
The Dabashan orocline is situated in the northwestern margin of the central Yangtze block,central China.Previous studies have defined the orthogonal superposed folds growing in its central-western segment thereby conf...The Dabashan orocline is situated in the northwestern margin of the central Yangtze block,central China.Previous studies have defined the orthogonal superposed folds growing in its central-western segment thereby confirming its two-stage tectonic evolution history.Geological mapping has revealed that more types of superposed folds have developed in the eastern segment of the orocline,which probably provides more clues for probing the structure and tectonic history of the Dabashan orocline.In this paper,based on geological mapping,structural measurements and analyses of deformation,we have identified three groups of folds with different trends (e.g.NW-,NE-and nearly E-trending folds) and three types of structural patterns of superposed folds in the eastern Dabashan foreland (e.g.syn-axial,oblique,and conjunctional superposed folds).In combination with geochronological data,we propose that the synaxial superposed folds are due to two stages of ~N-S shortening in the west and north of the Shennongjia massif,and that oblique superposed folds have been resulted from the superposition of the NW-and NE-trending folds onto the early ~ E-W folds in the east of the Shennongjia massif in the late Jurassic to early Cretaceous.The conjunctional folds are composed of the NW-and NE-trending folds,corresponding to the regional-scale dual-orocline in the eastern Sichuan as a result of the southwestward expansion of the Dabashan foreland during late Jurassic to early Cretaceous,coeval with the northwestward propagation of the Xuefengshan foreland.Integration of the structure and geochronology of the belt shows that the Dabashan orocline is a combined deformation belt primarily experiencing a twostage tectonic evolution history in Mesozoic,initiation of the Dabashan orocline as a foreland basin along the front of the Qinling orogen in late Triassic to early Jurassic due to collisional orogeny,and the final formation of the Dabashan orocline owing to the southwestward propagation of the Qinling orogen during late Jurassic to early Cretaceous intra-continental orogeny.Our studies provide some evidences for understanding the structure and deformation of the Dabashan orocline.展开更多
Dear Editor,I am Yasutsugu Akasaki, from the Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Hospital. I am writing this letter to present a case of choroidal folds associated with carotid cavernous fistula(CCFs).
In this paper faults and folds of shirband area (north of damqan) investigated to determine the orient of the stress field. The study area is limited between the two faults with E-W strike and northward slip. Investig...In this paper faults and folds of shirband area (north of damqan) investigated to determine the orient of the stress field. The study area is limited between the two faults with E-W strike and northward slip. Investigations result show major faults of the area have sinisteral mechanism. Waterways displacement and slicken slip of faults approve this issue. Three main folds of area has approx-imately same trend along major faults (E-W). Orientation of stress field investigated and classified by using from some large and medium scale faults and folds. Analysis of stress field investigated by inversion method show that compression axis in the study area have approximately NE-SW strike.展开更多
<strong>Objective(s):</strong> The aim of this study is to explore if there is a correlation between the typical voice classification and the morphometric characteristics of the vocal folds, using video la...<strong>Objective(s):</strong> The aim of this study is to explore if there is a correlation between the typical voice classification and the morphometric characteristics of the vocal folds, using video laryngeal stroboscopy, on professional singers in Greece. <strong>Methods:</strong> 70 professional singers, 50% men (35 men) and 50% women (35 women), were recruited for this study. A stroboscopic evaluation was prepared for every participant. Additionally, the voice classification and features of individuals were correlated statistically. <strong>Results:</strong> Statistically significant difference were observed between the voice categories and the size of stomatopharynx, the shape of the hard palate, the length of the vocal folds, the width and thickness of the vocal folds, as well as the tone of speech, in male singers. Statistically significant differences were also observed between the voice categories and all the variables except the shape of epiglottis, the color of speech and the shape of the vocal folds, in female singers. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is correlation between the morphometric characteristics of the vocal folds and the voice categories.展开更多
Abstract: The method of fractal simulation and classification of folds is firstly studied here to describe various types of complex fold patterns in quantitative analysis. Based on the characteristics of natural folds...Abstract: The method of fractal simulation and classification of folds is firstly studied here to describe various types of complex fold patterns in quantitative analysis. Based on the characteristics of natural folds with a fractal pattern, the fold patterns are simulated to describe various types of folds quantitatively by means of fractal interpolation. The major factors affecting the fold pattern are elucidated in fractal simulation of folds, i.e. positions of interpolation points (x, y) and the disturbance coefficient d of folds (-1<d<1). The bigger the value d for a fold simulation is, the more complex or disturbed the folds are and the better developed the relative secondary folds are. If d>0, folds are upconvex. IF d<0, they are down-convex. |d|=0, |d|=0.25 and |d|=0.5 represent three conspicuous turning states. If |d|=0, the points will be joined by a straight line. If |d|=0.25, the points will be joined smoothly. If |d|<0.25, there will be complex secondary folds between the points. If |d| >0.5, there will be more complex secondary folds between the points. The complex degrees of the fold pattern, therefore, can be classified by the disturbance coefficient d and by the discongruent degree Δ d. In nature, most folds are self-affine fractal folds.展开更多
The fractal dimensions of folds are related to layer thickness and viscosity of the multilayer. This paper discusses how the thickness, viscosity, and anisotropic degree affect the rheological deformation of fractal f...The fractal dimensions of folds are related to layer thickness and viscosity of the multilayer. This paper discusses how the thickness, viscosity, and anisotropic degree affect the rheological deformation of fractal folds in multilayers. The number of layers, their thicknesses, viscosities, and anisotropic degree of multilayers cooperate to affect the rheological deformation of folds, which is not controlled by a single rheological factor. A greater anisotropic degree of multilayers is favorable to develop the more complex and disharmonious fractal folds.展开更多
BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis of the depth of gastric cancer invasion is crucial in clinical practice.The diagnosis of gastric cancer depth is often made using endoscopic characteristics of the tumor and its margins;h...BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis of the depth of gastric cancer invasion is crucial in clinical practice.The diagnosis of gastric cancer depth is often made using endoscopic characteristics of the tumor and its margins;however,evaluating invasion depth based on endoscopic background gastritis remains unclear.AIM To investigate predicting submucosal invasion using the endoscopy-based Kyoto classification of gastritis.METHODS Patients with gastric cancer detected on esophagogastroduodenoscopy at Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic were enrolled.We analyzed the effects of patient and tumor characteristics,including age,sex,body mass index,surveillance endoscopy within 2 years,current Helicobacter pylori infection,the Kyoto classification,and Lauren’s tumor type,on submucosal tumor invasion and curative endoscopic resection.The Kyoto classification included atrophy,intestinal metaplasia,enlarged folds,nodularity,and diffuse redness.Atrophy was characterized by non-reddish and low mucosa.Intestinal metaplasia was detected as patchy whitish or grayish-white flat elevations,forming an irregular uneven surface.An enlarged fold referred to a fold width≥5 mm in the greater curvature of the corpus.Nodularity was characterized by goosebump-like multiple nodules in the antrum.Diffuse redness was characterized by uniform reddish nonatrophic mucosa in the greater curvature of the corpus.RESULTS A total of 266 gastric cancer patients(mean age,66.7 years;male sex,58.6%;mean body mass index,22.8 kg/m2)were enrolled.Ninety-three patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy for surveillance within 2 years,and 140 had current Helicobacter pylori infection.The mean Kyoto score was 4.54.Fifty-eight cancers were diffuse-type,and 87 cancers had invaded the submucosa.Multivariate analysis revealed that low body mass index(odds ratio 0.88,P=0.02),no surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopy within 2 years(odds ratio 0.15,P<0.001),endoscopic enlarged folds of gastritis(odds ratio 3.39,P=0.001),and Lauren’s diffuse-type(odds ratio 5.09,P<0.001)were independently associated with submucosal invasion.Similar results were obtained with curative endoscopic resection.Among cancer patients with enlarged folds,severely enlarged folds(width≥10 mm)were more related to submucosal invasion than mildly enlarged folds(width 5-9 mm,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Enlarged folds of gastritis were associated with submucosal invasion.Endoscopic observation of background gastritis as well as the lesion itself may help diagnose the depth of cancer invasion.展开更多
The paper discussed the limitation of ’Dominant wavelengt h theory’. The theoretical model and nonhomogeneous differential equation of fold and deformation of a monolayer sandwiched-in limited and different thickn e...The paper discussed the limitation of ’Dominant wavelengt h theory’. The theoretical model and nonhomogeneous differential equation of fold and deformation of a monolayer sandwiched-in limited and different thickn ess terranes are proposed by using mechanics of elasticity. In addition, the ′D ominant wavelength theory’ is proved by the experimental folding in elastic ma terials. The folds of a monolayer sandwiched-in limited and different thickness terranes are studied inside and are explored in the field.展开更多
As a consequence of the collision of India with Asia, the Qilian Shan, rising 4000~5000m above the Gobi, marks the northeastern boundary of the Tibet—Qinghai Plateau. The Qilian Shan developed as a WNW—ESE fold\|an...As a consequence of the collision of India with Asia, the Qilian Shan, rising 4000~5000m above the Gobi, marks the northeastern boundary of the Tibet—Qinghai Plateau. The Qilian Shan developed as a WNW—ESE fold\|and\|thrust belt with most of the movement directed towards the NEN—NE. Its foreland margin, the Jiuxi Basin, accommodates thick sequences of Late Cenozoic alluvial sediments derived from the Qilian Shan. Thin\|skinned fold\|and\|thrust deformation in the Jiuxi basin flanking the Qilian Shan, feature Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks that have been detached from the underlying basal decollement and folded into a series of NW—WNW trending anticlines and synclines. Towards the south deformation in the Jiuxi basin is accommodated by a west\|north\|west fold train (Qingcaowan, Laojunmiao, and Shiyougou folds) developed during the Quaternary. These form a distinct topographic feature separating the Qilian Shan from the central Jiuxi Basin. The doubly plunging Laojunmiao anticline is 10km long and 5km wide. It is asymmetric in shape, having a steep to overturned northern limb, and a backlimb dips to the south at 20~30°. The Laojunmiao anticline is composed of two distinct stratigraphic sequences which are defined by a syntectonic unconformity.展开更多
Most descriptions and studies about folds have been associated with consolidated strata; fold deformation in loosely-consolidated sediments, however, has been rarely discussed. Since the Pleistocene, tectonic activiti...Most descriptions and studies about folds have been associated with consolidated strata; fold deformation in loosely-consolidated sediments, however, has been rarely discussed. Since the Pleistocene, tectonic activities have been intensive over the South Huanghai Sea (SHS) shelf, resulting in fold deformation features that are preserved in thick sediment layers. Four types of folds with different geometries have been identified on the basis of an analysis of single - channel seismic profiles from the SHS shelf region: (1) fault-propagation fold; (2) fault-drag fold; (3) transversal bending fold; and (4) multi-action-folding fold. Studies on the geometry and mechanism of the folds indicate that base faults and fault blocks control the folding patterns in loosely-consoli- dated sediments on the SHS shelf and a large quantity of pore water in sediments plays an important role in cansing the deformation of sediment layers. The continuity of deformations of fault-propagation fold and fault-drag fold indicates that there is a genetic relationship between these fold types. The potential of earthquakes induced by fault-propagation folding in the deformation zone should be taken into account in the assessment of the marine engineering geology conditions of the SHS shelf.展开更多
e report a simple continuous potential function that can recognize proteinchains' native folds from tens of thousands of alternative ones. Empirical parame-ters for this potential function were obtained by a neura...e report a simple continuous potential function that can recognize proteinchains' native folds from tens of thousands of alternative ones. Empirical parame-ters for this potential function were obtained by a neural network learning oversamples generated from PDB structural data.Hydrophobic interactions were foundto be mainly responsible for stabilization of the protein' s native fold. The inter-chain interaction was found indispensable in stabilizing some protein chains' nativeconformation.展开更多
The theoretical model and non-homogeneous differential equation of equal thickness multi-layer folds sandwiched in different thickness and same character media are established by elastic and plastic mechanics. The spe...The theoretical model and non-homogeneous differential equation of equal thickness multi-layer folds sandwiched in different thickness and same character media are established by elastic and plastic mechanics. The special answer of the non-homogeneous differential equation and the common answer of the homogeneous differential equation are deduced by applying logistic equation and special function, and the dominant wavelength theory of equal thickness multi-layer folds sandwiched in different thickness and same character media. In addition, the experimental folding in both elastic and sticky materials proves the dominant wavelength theory.展开更多
The paper proposes the conception of Beads type fold system. The mechanical analyses of the typical tectonic system are made by means of elastic stability theory, mathematical and mechanical method and rheology. The...The paper proposes the conception of Beads type fold system. The mechanical analyses of the typical tectonic system are made by means of elastic stability theory, mathematical and mechanical method and rheology. The relation among the deflections of folds and time, external forces, and distribution of stresses, strain energy density are analyzed to explain the causing mechanism of folding earthquake.展开更多
The prion protein(PrP) is the key molecular and pathological mediator of prion diseases,a heterogeneous group of brain disorders with fatal outcomes.Prion diseases are rare but deserve special attention because of the...The prion protein(PrP) is the key molecular and pathological mediator of prion diseases,a heterogeneous group of brain disorders with fatal outcomes.Prion diseases are rare but deserve special attention because of their unique familial,sporadic,and transmissible etiologies,all caused by a single agent:misfolded conformations of PrP.展开更多
Spectral compressive imaging has emerged as a powerful technique to collect the 3D spectral information as 2D measurements.The algorithm for restoring the original 3D hyperspectral images(HSIs)from compressive measure...Spectral compressive imaging has emerged as a powerful technique to collect the 3D spectral information as 2D measurements.The algorithm for restoring the original 3D hyperspectral images(HSIs)from compressive measurements is pivotal in the imaging process.Early approaches painstakingly designed networks to directly map compressive measurements to HSIs,resulting in the lack of interpretability without exploiting the imaging priors.While some recent works have introduced the deep unfolding framework for explainable reconstruction,the performance of these methods is still limited by the weak information transmission between iterative stages.In this paper,we propose a Memory-Augmented deep Unfolding Network,termed MAUN,for explainable and accurate HSI reconstruction.Specifically,MAUN implements a novel CNN scheme to facilitate a better extrapolation step of the fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm,introducing an extra momentum incorporation step for each iteration to alleviate the information loss.Moreover,to exploit the high correlation of intermediate images from neighboring iterations,we customize a cross-stage transformer(CSFormer)as the deep denoiser to simultaneously capture self-similarity from both in-stage and cross-stage features,which is the first attempt to model the long-distance dependencies between iteration stages.Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed MAUN is superior to other state-of-the-art methods both visually and metrically.Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/HuQ1an/MAUN.展开更多
The Nianzi granite unit,which includes the Nianzi,Xiaolianghou and Xiawopu granitic intrusions,is a significant component of the northern part of the North China Craton(NCC)and is situated in the Yanshan fold and thru...The Nianzi granite unit,which includes the Nianzi,Xiaolianghou and Xiawopu granitic intrusions,is a significant component of the northern part of the North China Craton(NCC)and is situated in the Yanshan fold and thrust belt(YFTB).However,there is still debate regarding the tectonic evolutionary history of the YFTB during the late Permian to Triassic period,specifically regarding the timing of subduction and collision between the NCC and the Paleo-Asian Ocean.The Nianzi granite unit exhibits unique petrological,geochronological and geochemical signatures that shed light on the tectonic evolutionary history of the YFTB.This study presents detailed petrology,whole-rock geochemistry,together with Sr-Nd isotopic,zircon U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic data of the granites within the Nianzi granite unit.Our findings demonstrate that the granites primarily consist of subhedral K-feldspar,plagioclase,quartz,minor biotite and hornblende,with accessory titanite,apatite,magnetite and zircon.Zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the Xiaolianghou granite was emplaced at 247.5±0.62 Ma.Additionally,the adakitic characteristics of the Nianzi,Xiawopu and Xiaolianghou granitic intrusions,such as high Sr and Ba contents and high ratios of Sr/Y and(La/Yb)N,combined with negative Sr-Nd and Lu-Hf isotopes(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.705681–0.7057433,εNd(t)=−21.98 to−20.97,zirconεHf(t)=−20.26 to−9.92,as well as the I-type granite features of high SiO_(2),Na_(2)O and K_(2)O/Na_(2)O ratios,enriched Rb,K,Sr and Ba,along with depleted Th,U,Nb,Ta,P and Ti,suggest that the Nianzi granitic unit was mainly derived from the partial melting of a thickened lower crust containing hydrous,calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline,mafic to intermediate metamorphic rocks.In light of these parameters,we further integrate our data with previous studies and conclude that the Nianzi granitic unit was generated in a post-collisional extensional environment during the Early Triassic.展开更多
A catadioptric lens structure,also known as pancake lens,has been widely used in virtual reality(VR)displays to reduce the formfactor.However,the utilization of a half mirror(HM)to fold the optical path thrice leads t...A catadioptric lens structure,also known as pancake lens,has been widely used in virtual reality(VR)displays to reduce the formfactor.However,the utilization of a half mirror(HM)to fold the optical path thrice leads to a significant optical loss.The theoretical maximum optical efficiency is merely 25%.To transcend this optical efficiency constraint while retaining the foldable characteristic inherent to traditional pancake optics,in this paper,we propose a theoretically lossless folded optical system to replace the HM with a nonreciprocal polarization rotator.In our feasibility demonstration experiment,we used a commercial Faraday rotator(FR)and reflective polarizers to replace the lossy HM.The theoretically predicted 100%efficiency can be achieved approximately by using two high-extinction-ratio reflective polarizers.In addition,we evaluated the ghost images using a micro-OLED panel in our imaging system.Indeed,the ghost images can be suppressed to undetectable level if the optics are with antireflection coating.Our novel pancake optical system holds great potential for revolutionizing next-generation VR displays with lightweight,compact formfactor,and low power consumption.展开更多
Wideband spectrum sensing with a high-speed analog-digital converter(ADC) presents a challenge for practical systems.The Nyquist folding receiver(NYFR) is a promising scheme for achieving cost-effective real-time spec...Wideband spectrum sensing with a high-speed analog-digital converter(ADC) presents a challenge for practical systems.The Nyquist folding receiver(NYFR) is a promising scheme for achieving cost-effective real-time spectrum sensing,which is subject to the complexity of processing the modulated outputs.In this case,a multipath NYFR architecture with a step-sampling rate for the different paths is proposed.The different numbers of digital channels for each path are designed based on the Chinese remainder theorem(CRT).Then,the detectable frequency range is divided into multiple frequency grids,and the Nyquist zone(NZ) of the input can be obtained by sensing these grids.Thus,high-precision parameter estimation is performed by utilizing the NYFR characteristics.Compared with the existing methods,the scheme proposed in this paper overcomes the challenge of NZ estimation,information damage,many computations,low accuracy,and high false alarm probability.Comparative simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture in this paper.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81300805)。
文摘AIM:To characterize spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)features of chorioretinal folds in orbital mass imaged using enhanced depth imaging(EDI).METHODS:Prospective observational case-control study was conducted in 20 eyes of 20 patients,the uninvolved eye served as a control.All the patients underwent clinical fundus photography,computed tomography,EDI SDOCT imaging before and after surgery.Two patients with cavernous hemangiomas underwent intratumoral injection of bleomycin A5;the remaining patients underwent tumor excision.Patients were followed 1 to 14mo following surgery(average follow up,5.8mo).RESULTS:Visual acuity prior to surgery ranged from 20/20 to 20/200.Following surgery,5 patients’visual acuity remained unchanged while the remaining 15 patients had a mean letter improvement of 10(range 4 to 26 letters).Photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects were found in 10 of 15 patients prior to surgery.Following surgical excision,photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects fully resolved in 8 of these 10 patients.CONCLUSION:Persistence of photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects caused by compression of the globe by an orbital mass can be associated with reduced visual prognosis.Our findings suggest that photoreceptor inner/outer segment defects on EDI SD-OCT could be an indicator for immediate surgical excision of an orbital mass causing choroidal compression.
基金supported by National Natural Foundation of China(No.41172184)SINOPROBE-08-01SNOPEC(China)
文摘The Dabashan orocline is situated in the northwestern margin of the central Yangtze block,central China.Previous studies have defined the orthogonal superposed folds growing in its central-western segment thereby confirming its two-stage tectonic evolution history.Geological mapping has revealed that more types of superposed folds have developed in the eastern segment of the orocline,which probably provides more clues for probing the structure and tectonic history of the Dabashan orocline.In this paper,based on geological mapping,structural measurements and analyses of deformation,we have identified three groups of folds with different trends (e.g.NW-,NE-and nearly E-trending folds) and three types of structural patterns of superposed folds in the eastern Dabashan foreland (e.g.syn-axial,oblique,and conjunctional superposed folds).In combination with geochronological data,we propose that the synaxial superposed folds are due to two stages of ~N-S shortening in the west and north of the Shennongjia massif,and that oblique superposed folds have been resulted from the superposition of the NW-and NE-trending folds onto the early ~ E-W folds in the east of the Shennongjia massif in the late Jurassic to early Cretaceous.The conjunctional folds are composed of the NW-and NE-trending folds,corresponding to the regional-scale dual-orocline in the eastern Sichuan as a result of the southwestward expansion of the Dabashan foreland during late Jurassic to early Cretaceous,coeval with the northwestward propagation of the Xuefengshan foreland.Integration of the structure and geochronology of the belt shows that the Dabashan orocline is a combined deformation belt primarily experiencing a twostage tectonic evolution history in Mesozoic,initiation of the Dabashan orocline as a foreland basin along the front of the Qinling orogen in late Triassic to early Jurassic due to collisional orogeny,and the final formation of the Dabashan orocline owing to the southwestward propagation of the Qinling orogen during late Jurassic to early Cretaceous intra-continental orogeny.Our studies provide some evidences for understanding the structure and deformation of the Dabashan orocline.
文摘Dear Editor,I am Yasutsugu Akasaki, from the Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Hospital. I am writing this letter to present a case of choroidal folds associated with carotid cavernous fistula(CCFs).
文摘In this paper faults and folds of shirband area (north of damqan) investigated to determine the orient of the stress field. The study area is limited between the two faults with E-W strike and northward slip. Investigations result show major faults of the area have sinisteral mechanism. Waterways displacement and slicken slip of faults approve this issue. Three main folds of area has approx-imately same trend along major faults (E-W). Orientation of stress field investigated and classified by using from some large and medium scale faults and folds. Analysis of stress field investigated by inversion method show that compression axis in the study area have approximately NE-SW strike.
文摘<strong>Objective(s):</strong> The aim of this study is to explore if there is a correlation between the typical voice classification and the morphometric characteristics of the vocal folds, using video laryngeal stroboscopy, on professional singers in Greece. <strong>Methods:</strong> 70 professional singers, 50% men (35 men) and 50% women (35 women), were recruited for this study. A stroboscopic evaluation was prepared for every participant. Additionally, the voice classification and features of individuals were correlated statistically. <strong>Results:</strong> Statistically significant difference were observed between the voice categories and the size of stomatopharynx, the shape of the hard palate, the length of the vocal folds, the width and thickness of the vocal folds, as well as the tone of speech, in male singers. Statistically significant differences were also observed between the voice categories and all the variables except the shape of epiglottis, the color of speech and the shape of the vocal folds, in female singers. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> There is correlation between the morphometric characteristics of the vocal folds and the voice categories.
文摘Abstract: The method of fractal simulation and classification of folds is firstly studied here to describe various types of complex fold patterns in quantitative analysis. Based on the characteristics of natural folds with a fractal pattern, the fold patterns are simulated to describe various types of folds quantitatively by means of fractal interpolation. The major factors affecting the fold pattern are elucidated in fractal simulation of folds, i.e. positions of interpolation points (x, y) and the disturbance coefficient d of folds (-1<d<1). The bigger the value d for a fold simulation is, the more complex or disturbed the folds are and the better developed the relative secondary folds are. If d>0, folds are upconvex. IF d<0, they are down-convex. |d|=0, |d|=0.25 and |d|=0.5 represent three conspicuous turning states. If |d|=0, the points will be joined by a straight line. If |d|=0.25, the points will be joined smoothly. If |d|<0.25, there will be complex secondary folds between the points. If |d| >0.5, there will be more complex secondary folds between the points. The complex degrees of the fold pattern, therefore, can be classified by the disturbance coefficient d and by the discongruent degree Δ d. In nature, most folds are self-affine fractal folds.
基金supported by grants from theNational Natural Science Foundation of China(No.:40172066,40314141,and 40772121)the National 973Project(No.:2009CB219302)
文摘The fractal dimensions of folds are related to layer thickness and viscosity of the multilayer. This paper discusses how the thickness, viscosity, and anisotropic degree affect the rheological deformation of fractal folds in multilayers. The number of layers, their thicknesses, viscosities, and anisotropic degree of multilayers cooperate to affect the rheological deformation of folds, which is not controlled by a single rheological factor. A greater anisotropic degree of multilayers is favorable to develop the more complex and disharmonious fractal folds.
文摘BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis of the depth of gastric cancer invasion is crucial in clinical practice.The diagnosis of gastric cancer depth is often made using endoscopic characteristics of the tumor and its margins;however,evaluating invasion depth based on endoscopic background gastritis remains unclear.AIM To investigate predicting submucosal invasion using the endoscopy-based Kyoto classification of gastritis.METHODS Patients with gastric cancer detected on esophagogastroduodenoscopy at Toyoshima Endoscopy Clinic were enrolled.We analyzed the effects of patient and tumor characteristics,including age,sex,body mass index,surveillance endoscopy within 2 years,current Helicobacter pylori infection,the Kyoto classification,and Lauren’s tumor type,on submucosal tumor invasion and curative endoscopic resection.The Kyoto classification included atrophy,intestinal metaplasia,enlarged folds,nodularity,and diffuse redness.Atrophy was characterized by non-reddish and low mucosa.Intestinal metaplasia was detected as patchy whitish or grayish-white flat elevations,forming an irregular uneven surface.An enlarged fold referred to a fold width≥5 mm in the greater curvature of the corpus.Nodularity was characterized by goosebump-like multiple nodules in the antrum.Diffuse redness was characterized by uniform reddish nonatrophic mucosa in the greater curvature of the corpus.RESULTS A total of 266 gastric cancer patients(mean age,66.7 years;male sex,58.6%;mean body mass index,22.8 kg/m2)were enrolled.Ninety-three patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy for surveillance within 2 years,and 140 had current Helicobacter pylori infection.The mean Kyoto score was 4.54.Fifty-eight cancers were diffuse-type,and 87 cancers had invaded the submucosa.Multivariate analysis revealed that low body mass index(odds ratio 0.88,P=0.02),no surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopy within 2 years(odds ratio 0.15,P<0.001),endoscopic enlarged folds of gastritis(odds ratio 3.39,P=0.001),and Lauren’s diffuse-type(odds ratio 5.09,P<0.001)were independently associated with submucosal invasion.Similar results were obtained with curative endoscopic resection.Among cancer patients with enlarged folds,severely enlarged folds(width≥10 mm)were more related to submucosal invasion than mildly enlarged folds(width 5-9 mm,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Enlarged folds of gastritis were associated with submucosal invasion.Endoscopic observation of background gastritis as well as the lesion itself may help diagnose the depth of cancer invasion.
文摘The paper discussed the limitation of ’Dominant wavelengt h theory’. The theoretical model and nonhomogeneous differential equation of fold and deformation of a monolayer sandwiched-in limited and different thickn ess terranes are proposed by using mechanics of elasticity. In addition, the ′D ominant wavelength theory’ is proved by the experimental folding in elastic ma terials. The folds of a monolayer sandwiched-in limited and different thickness terranes are studied inside and are explored in the field.
文摘As a consequence of the collision of India with Asia, the Qilian Shan, rising 4000~5000m above the Gobi, marks the northeastern boundary of the Tibet—Qinghai Plateau. The Qilian Shan developed as a WNW—ESE fold\|and\|thrust belt with most of the movement directed towards the NEN—NE. Its foreland margin, the Jiuxi Basin, accommodates thick sequences of Late Cenozoic alluvial sediments derived from the Qilian Shan. Thin\|skinned fold\|and\|thrust deformation in the Jiuxi basin flanking the Qilian Shan, feature Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentary rocks that have been detached from the underlying basal decollement and folded into a series of NW—WNW trending anticlines and synclines. Towards the south deformation in the Jiuxi basin is accommodated by a west\|north\|west fold train (Qingcaowan, Laojunmiao, and Shiyougou folds) developed during the Quaternary. These form a distinct topographic feature separating the Qilian Shan from the central Jiuxi Basin. The doubly plunging Laojunmiao anticline is 10km long and 5km wide. It is asymmetric in shape, having a steep to overturned northern limb, and a backlimb dips to the south at 20~30°. The Laojunmiao anticline is composed of two distinct stratigraphic sequences which are defined by a syntectonic unconformity.
文摘Most descriptions and studies about folds have been associated with consolidated strata; fold deformation in loosely-consolidated sediments, however, has been rarely discussed. Since the Pleistocene, tectonic activities have been intensive over the South Huanghai Sea (SHS) shelf, resulting in fold deformation features that are preserved in thick sediment layers. Four types of folds with different geometries have been identified on the basis of an analysis of single - channel seismic profiles from the SHS shelf region: (1) fault-propagation fold; (2) fault-drag fold; (3) transversal bending fold; and (4) multi-action-folding fold. Studies on the geometry and mechanism of the folds indicate that base faults and fault blocks control the folding patterns in loosely-consoli- dated sediments on the SHS shelf and a large quantity of pore water in sediments plays an important role in cansing the deformation of sediment layers. The continuity of deformations of fault-propagation fold and fault-drag fold indicates that there is a genetic relationship between these fold types. The potential of earthquakes induced by fault-propagation folding in the deformation zone should be taken into account in the assessment of the marine engineering geology conditions of the SHS shelf.
文摘e report a simple continuous potential function that can recognize proteinchains' native folds from tens of thousands of alternative ones. Empirical parame-ters for this potential function were obtained by a neural network learning oversamples generated from PDB structural data.Hydrophobic interactions were foundto be mainly responsible for stabilization of the protein' s native fold. The inter-chain interaction was found indispensable in stabilizing some protein chains' nativeconformation.
基金This paper is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 49802022).
文摘The theoretical model and non-homogeneous differential equation of equal thickness multi-layer folds sandwiched in different thickness and same character media are established by elastic and plastic mechanics. The special answer of the non-homogeneous differential equation and the common answer of the homogeneous differential equation are deduced by applying logistic equation and special function, and the dominant wavelength theory of equal thickness multi-layer folds sandwiched in different thickness and same character media. In addition, the experimental folding in both elastic and sticky materials proves the dominant wavelength theory.
文摘The paper proposes the conception of Beads type fold system. The mechanical analyses of the typical tectonic system are made by means of elastic stability theory, mathematical and mechanical method and rheology. The relation among the deflections of folds and time, external forces, and distribution of stresses, strain energy density are analyzed to explain the causing mechanism of folding earthquake.
基金supported by the NIH grant7R21 NS09662 7-02 to PFFthe Winston and Maxine Wallin Neuroscience Discovery Fund award CON000000083928 to PFF and AC。
文摘The prion protein(PrP) is the key molecular and pathological mediator of prion diseases,a heterogeneous group of brain disorders with fatal outcomes.Prion diseases are rare but deserve special attention because of their unique familial,sporadic,and transmissible etiologies,all caused by a single agent:misfolded conformations of PrP.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62276192)。
文摘Spectral compressive imaging has emerged as a powerful technique to collect the 3D spectral information as 2D measurements.The algorithm for restoring the original 3D hyperspectral images(HSIs)from compressive measurements is pivotal in the imaging process.Early approaches painstakingly designed networks to directly map compressive measurements to HSIs,resulting in the lack of interpretability without exploiting the imaging priors.While some recent works have introduced the deep unfolding framework for explainable reconstruction,the performance of these methods is still limited by the weak information transmission between iterative stages.In this paper,we propose a Memory-Augmented deep Unfolding Network,termed MAUN,for explainable and accurate HSI reconstruction.Specifically,MAUN implements a novel CNN scheme to facilitate a better extrapolation step of the fast iterative shrinkage-thresholding algorithm,introducing an extra momentum incorporation step for each iteration to alleviate the information loss.Moreover,to exploit the high correlation of intermediate images from neighboring iterations,we customize a cross-stage transformer(CSFormer)as the deep denoiser to simultaneously capture self-similarity from both in-stage and cross-stage features,which is the first attempt to model the long-distance dependencies between iteration stages.Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed MAUN is superior to other state-of-the-art methods both visually and metrically.Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/HuQ1an/MAUN.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41872232)the Beijing Geological Survey Project(PXM 2016-158203-000008,PXM 2018-158203-000014)the Beijing Innovation Studio(Urban Geology,Active Structure,and Monitoring).
文摘The Nianzi granite unit,which includes the Nianzi,Xiaolianghou and Xiawopu granitic intrusions,is a significant component of the northern part of the North China Craton(NCC)and is situated in the Yanshan fold and thrust belt(YFTB).However,there is still debate regarding the tectonic evolutionary history of the YFTB during the late Permian to Triassic period,specifically regarding the timing of subduction and collision between the NCC and the Paleo-Asian Ocean.The Nianzi granite unit exhibits unique petrological,geochronological and geochemical signatures that shed light on the tectonic evolutionary history of the YFTB.This study presents detailed petrology,whole-rock geochemistry,together with Sr-Nd isotopic,zircon U-Pb dating and Lu-Hf isotopic data of the granites within the Nianzi granite unit.Our findings demonstrate that the granites primarily consist of subhedral K-feldspar,plagioclase,quartz,minor biotite and hornblende,with accessory titanite,apatite,magnetite and zircon.Zircon U-Pb dating indicates that the Xiaolianghou granite was emplaced at 247.5±0.62 Ma.Additionally,the adakitic characteristics of the Nianzi,Xiawopu and Xiaolianghou granitic intrusions,such as high Sr and Ba contents and high ratios of Sr/Y and(La/Yb)N,combined with negative Sr-Nd and Lu-Hf isotopes(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.705681–0.7057433,εNd(t)=−21.98 to−20.97,zirconεHf(t)=−20.26 to−9.92,as well as the I-type granite features of high SiO_(2),Na_(2)O and K_(2)O/Na_(2)O ratios,enriched Rb,K,Sr and Ba,along with depleted Th,U,Nb,Ta,P and Ti,suggest that the Nianzi granitic unit was mainly derived from the partial melting of a thickened lower crust containing hydrous,calc-alkaline to high-K calc-alkaline,mafic to intermediate metamorphic rocks.In light of these parameters,we further integrate our data with previous studies and conclude that the Nianzi granitic unit was generated in a post-collisional extensional environment during the Early Triassic.
文摘A catadioptric lens structure,also known as pancake lens,has been widely used in virtual reality(VR)displays to reduce the formfactor.However,the utilization of a half mirror(HM)to fold the optical path thrice leads to a significant optical loss.The theoretical maximum optical efficiency is merely 25%.To transcend this optical efficiency constraint while retaining the foldable characteristic inherent to traditional pancake optics,in this paper,we propose a theoretically lossless folded optical system to replace the HM with a nonreciprocal polarization rotator.In our feasibility demonstration experiment,we used a commercial Faraday rotator(FR)and reflective polarizers to replace the lossy HM.The theoretically predicted 100%efficiency can be achieved approximately by using two high-extinction-ratio reflective polarizers.In addition,we evaluated the ghost images using a micro-OLED panel in our imaging system.Indeed,the ghost images can be suppressed to undetectable level if the optics are with antireflection coating.Our novel pancake optical system holds great potential for revolutionizing next-generation VR displays with lightweight,compact formfactor,and low power consumption.
基金supported by the Key Projects of the 2022 National Defense Science and Technology Foundation Strengthening Plan 173 (Grant No.2022-173ZD-010)the Equipment PreResearch Foundation of The State Key Laboratory (Grant No.6142101200204)。
文摘Wideband spectrum sensing with a high-speed analog-digital converter(ADC) presents a challenge for practical systems.The Nyquist folding receiver(NYFR) is a promising scheme for achieving cost-effective real-time spectrum sensing,which is subject to the complexity of processing the modulated outputs.In this case,a multipath NYFR architecture with a step-sampling rate for the different paths is proposed.The different numbers of digital channels for each path are designed based on the Chinese remainder theorem(CRT).Then,the detectable frequency range is divided into multiple frequency grids,and the Nyquist zone(NZ) of the input can be obtained by sensing these grids.Thus,high-precision parameter estimation is performed by utilizing the NYFR characteristics.Compared with the existing methods,the scheme proposed in this paper overcomes the challenge of NZ estimation,information damage,many computations,low accuracy,and high false alarm probability.Comparative simulation experiments verify the effectiveness of the proposed architecture in this paper.