A Natural Language Generation Algorithm for Greek by Using Hole Semantics and a Systemic Grammatical Formalism

This work is about the progress of previous related work based on an experiment to improve the intelligence of robotic systems,with the aim of achieving more linguistic communication capabilities between humans and robots.In this paper,the authors attempt an algorithmic approach to natural language generation through hole semantics and by applying the OMAS-III computational model as a grammatical formalism.In the original work,a technical language is used,while in the later works,this has been replaced by a limited Greek natural language dictionary.This particular effort was made to give the evolving system the ability to ask questions,as well as the authors developed an initial dialogue system using these techniques.The results show that the use of these techniques the authors apply can give us a more sophisticated dialogue system in the future.

MF2-DMTD: A Formalism and Game-Based Reasoning Framework for Optimized Drone-Type Moving Target Defense

Moving-target-defense(MTD)fundamentally avoids an illegal initial compromise by asymmetrically increasing the uncertainty as the attack surface of the observable defender changes depending on spatial-temporal mutations.However,the existing naive MTD studies were conducted focusing only on wired network mutations.And these cases have also been no formal research on wireless aircraft domains with attributes that are extremely unfavorable to embedded system operations,such as hostility,mobility,and dependency.Therefore,to solve these conceptual limitations,this study proposes normalized drone-type MTD that maximizes defender superiority by mutating the unique fingerprints of wireless drones and that optimizes the period-based mutation principle to adaptively secure the sustainability of drone operations.In addition,this study also specifies MF2-DMTD(model-checkingbased formal framework for drone-type MTD),a formal framework that adopts model-checking and zero-sum game,for attack-defense simulation and performance evaluation of drone-type MTD.Subsequently,by applying the proposed models,the optimization of deceptive defense performance of drone-type MTD for each mutation period also additionally achieves through mixed-integer quadratic constrained programming(MIQCP)and multiobjective optimization-based Pareto frontier.As a result,the optimal mutation cycles in drone-type MTD were derived as(65,120,85)for each control-mobility,telecommunication,and payload component configured inside the drone.And the optimal MTD cycles for each swarming cluster,ground control station(GCS),and zone service provider(ZSP)deployed outside the drone were also additionally calculated as(70,60,85),respectively.To the best of these authors’knowledge,this study is the first to calculate the deceptive efficiency and functional continuity of the MTD against drones and to normalize the trade-off according to a sensitivity analysis with the optimum.

A Definition Formalism of Machining Features for DFM

Benefiting from advances in feature technology for design and manufacture can not be expected before a formal methodology is established. This paper makes attempt to establish a definition formalism of machining features in design for manufacturability from two aspects: formal definition and manufacturability analysis. Some definitions for machining feature based upon the selection and sequencing of material removal operations for component in accordance with the design geometry are presented and a framework of feature based design for manufacturability is outlined correspondingly. The proposed scheme contributes to several aspects of feature based CAD/CAM integration, especially to encourage potentially a more generic approach to the automation of design.

Necessity of Integral Formalism

To describe the physical reality, there are two ways of constructing the dynamical equation of field, differential formalism and integral formalism. The importance of this fact is firstly emphasized by Yang in case of gauge field [Phys. Rev. Lett. 33 （1974） 44fi], where the fact has given rise to a deeper understanding for Aharonov-Bohm phase and magnetic monopole [Phys. Rev. D 12 （1975） 3846]. In this paper we shall point out that such a fact also holds in general wave function of matter, it may give rise to a deeper understanding for Berry phase. Most importantly, we shall prove a point that, for general wave function of matter, in the adiabatic limit, there is an intrinsic difference between its integral formalism and differential formalism. It is neglect of this difference that leads to an inconsistency of quantum adiabatic theorem pointed out by Marzlin and Sanders [Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 （2004） 160408]. It has been widely accepted that there is no physical difference of using differential operator or integral operator to construct the dynamical equation of field. Nevertheless, our study shows that the Schroedinger differential equation （i.e., differential formalism for wave function） shall lead to vanishing Berry phase and that the Schroedinger integral equation （i.e., integral formalism for wave function）, in the adiabatic limit, can satisfactorily give the Berry phase. Therefore, we reach a conclusion： There are two ways of describing physical reality, differential formalism and integral formalism; but the integral formalism is a unique way of complete description.

FURTHER STUDIES ON STROH-TYPE FORMALISMS FOR ANISOTROPIC PLATES WITH BENDING-EXTENSION COUPLING

Stroh-type formalisms for anisotropic thin plates in literature axe reviewed and discussed, and two kinds of hybrid Stroh-type formalisms axe compared. It is seen that the two Stroh-type formalisms are essentially equivalent. With simple transfer relations, they can be expressed each other. In addition, with properly defined notation systems, the two Stroh-type formalisms can also be written in unified forms, which will be convenient in applications.

Aesthetism, Russian Formalism, and Their Comparison

In our class,we have already learned some articles of Aesthetism.The famous aesthetes,such as Walter Pater,Oscar Wilde,Benedetto Croce,all give us huge impressions.And Russian Formalism is also very important school of thoughts.As they all study art,literature and form,I would like to know the relationship between them.In this paper,first I will show some of my own understandings on Both Aesthetism and Russian Formalism.Then I will compare them to find similarities and differences.At last,I will say something about my preference.

Geometrical Diagnostics for Modified Gravitational Theory with the Different Formalisms

Geometrical diagnostic methods were often applied to distinguish the gravitational models. But it is scarce to investigate the differences between the different formalisms of modified gravitational theories (e.g. the metric formalism and the Palatini formalism). In this paper, we discriminate the gravitational theory with the different formalisms by using the geometrical diagnostic methods. For a considered modified theory of gravity (e.g. the f(R) theory or GBD theory), we can see that the difference between the two formalisms is remarkable according to the diagnostic results. And relative to the ΛCDM model, there are more deviations in metric formalism than those in Palatini formalism, according to the {r, s} diagnostic. Given that the GBD (generalized Brans-Dicke theory) is a time-variable Newton gravitational constant (VG) theory, the differences between the VG theory and the constant-G theory are studied. It indicates that the variation of Newton’s gravitational constant could induce notable effects on geometrical quantities (e.g. r, s and q) in both metric formalism and Palatini formalism.

“形式主义”不完全等于“formalism”——基于CCL和COCA语料库的对比分析

"形式主义"一词在国内的大众媒体中频频出现,是中国政治文献常用的术语之一。国内的权威词典大多将其翻译成formalism。文章基于CCL语料库和COCA语料库,从词频、搭配和语义韵三个角度进行了对比分析,发现"形式主义"一词在不同领域中含义大相径庭,特别是在中国政治领域中,该词更是含义特殊。笔者建议中国政治文献中的"形式主义"应翻译成formism,以便与其他语境下该词被翻译成formalism相区分。

Investigating the effect of entrance channel mass asymmetry on fusion reactions using the Skyrme energy density formalism

In the present investigations,the fusion crosssections for the formation of 200Pb compound nucleus(CN)using 16O+184 W,30Si+170Er,and 40Ar+160Gd nuclear reactions at energies above the Coulomb barrier were calculated to understand the effect of entrance channel mass asymmetry(α)on the fusion reactions;the Skyrme energy density formalism(SEDF)was used for this calculation.The SEDF uses the Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov(HFB)computational program with Skyrme forces such as SkM*,SLy4,and SLy5 to obtain the nucleus-nucleus potential parameters for the above reactions.Using the SEDF model with SkM*,SLy4,and SLy5 interaction forces,the theoretical fusion cross-sections were determined above the barrier energy and compared with the available experimental fusion cross-sections.The results show a close agreement between the theoretical and experimental values for all selected systems at energies well above the barrier.However,near the barrier energies,the theoretical values were observed to be higher than the experimental values.

A note on the mass of Kerr-AdS black holes in the off-shell generalized ADT formalism

In this note, the off-shell generalized Abbott-Deser-Tekin （ADT） formalism is applied to explore the mass of Kerr- anti-de Sitter （Kerr-AdS） black holes in various dimensions within asymptotically rotating frames. The cases in four and five dimensions are explicitly investigated. It is demonstrated that the asymptotically rotating effect may make the charge non-integrable or unphysical when the asymptotic non-rotating timelike Killing vector associated with the charge is allowed to vary and the fluctuation of the metric is determined by the variation of all the mass and rotation parameters. To obtain a physically meaningful mass, it is proposed that one can let the non-rotating timelike Killing vector be fixed or perform calculations in the asymptotically static frame. The results further support that the ADT formalism is background- dependent.

The Multifractal Formalism for Measures, Review and Extension to Mixed Cases

The mulfifractal formalism for single measure is reviewed. Next, a mixed generalized multifractal formalism is introduced which extends the multifractal formalism of a single measure based on generalizations of the Hausdorff and packing measures to a vector of simultaneously many measures. Borel-Cantelli and Large deviations Theorems are extended to higher orders and thus applied for the validity of the new variant of the multifractal formalism for some special cases of multi-doubling type measures.

THERMODYNAMIC FORMALISM FOR SUBADDITIVE SEQUENCE OF DISCONTINUOUS FUNCTIONS

The topological pressure for subadditive sequence of discontinuous functions is defined on any invariant subset having a nested family of subsets in the compact metric space. Two subadditive variational principles associated with two different relatively weak conditions are developed for the defined topological pressure. As an application, we give an example on systems with nonzero Lyapunov exponents.

Hamiltonian Formalism of mKdV Equation with Non-vanishing Boundary Values

Hamiltonian formalism of the mKdV equation with non-vanishing boundary valueis re-examined by a revised form of the standard procedure. It is known that the previous papers did not give the final results and involved some questionable points [T.C. Au Yeung and P.C.W. Fung, J. Phys. A 21 (1988) 3575]. In this note, simple results are obtained in terms of an affine parameter and a Galileo transformation is introduced to ensure the results compatible with those derived from the inverse scattering transform.

GENERALIZED STROH FORMALISM FOR ANISOTROPIC ELASTICITY FOR GENERAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS

The Stroh formalism is most elegant when the boundary conditions are simple, namely,they are prescribed in terms of traction or displacement.For mixed boundary conditions such as there for a slippery boundary,the concise matrix expressions of the Stroh formalism are destroyed.We present a generalized Stroh formalism which is applicable to a class of general boundary conditions.The general boundary conditions in- clude the simple and slippery boundary conditions as special cases.For Green's functions for the half space, the general solution is applicable to the case when the surface of the half-space is a fixed,a free,a slippery, or other more general boundary.For the Griffith crack in the infinite space,the crack can be a slit-like crack with free surfaces,a rigid line inclusion(which is sometimes called an anticrack),or a rigid line with slippery surface or with other general surface conditions.It is worth mention that the modifications required on the Stroh formalism are minor.The generalized formalism and the final solutions look very similar to those of unmodified version.Yet the results are applicable to a rather wide range of boundary conditions.

Comparison of the Molecular Interaction Volume Model with the Unified Interaction Parameter Formalism in the Fe-Cr-Ni Liquid Alloys at 1873 K

The molecular interaction volume model （MIVM） for a general ternary system was deduced in detail for further clarifying and understanding its general multicomponent expression. Both MIVM and the unified interaction parameter formalism （UIPF） can be used to predict the activities of solutes and solvents in the Fe-Cr-Ni liquid alloys. But the former employs only the infinite dilute activity coefficients, and the later is not applicable without the dilute binary and ternary interaction parameters. MIVM has a certain physical meaning from the viewpoint of statistical thermodynamics, so it is an alternative for the estimation of activity coefficients of the solutes and solvents in a dilute or finite concentration metal solution where the interaction parameters are absent or their accuracies are questionable.

Boundary States and Correlation Functions of Tricritical Ising Model from Coulomb-Gas Formalism

We consider the minimal conformaJ model describing the tricritical Ising model on the disk and on the upper half plane. Using the coulomb-gas formalism we determine its consistents boundary states as well as its one-point and two-point correlation functions.

Radiative decay from doubly to singly excited states of He via generalization of Laguerre-type orbitals： A non-orthogonal formalism

By taking full account of the non-orthogonality of the orbitals between the low-lying doubly excited states ^1po and the singly excited states ^1S^e and ^1D^e of He, the corresponding radiative decay rates have been investigated theoretically via analytic generalized Laguerre-type atomic orbitals at a nearly numerical multi-conflguration self-consistent field accuracy in a general non-orthogonal configuration interaction scheme. From these rates, we calculate the VUV photon emission and metastable atom spectra, and both are found to be in good qualitative agreement with recent excellent measurements. We obtain, successfully, the enhancement of the VUV photon spectrum, experimentally observed at the energy of （2s4p-4s2p）/（2p,3d） ^1po as compared with other nearby lying states. The mechanism proposed by Odling-Smee et al is verified, implying that taking appropriate account of the overlap existing between orbitals of the low-lying doubly excited and singly excited states （especially important for the compact orbitals） can reveal basic physical dominant mechanism and is crucial in understanding these spectra.

Explicit Proof of Equivalence of Two—Point Functions in the Two Formalisms of Thermal Field Theory

We give an explicit proof of equivalence of the two-point function to one-loop order in the two formalisms of thermal theory based on the expressions in the real-time formalism and indicate that the key point of completing the proof is to separate carefully the imaginary part of the zero-temperature loop integral from relevant expressions and this fact will certainly be very useful for examination of the equivalent problem of two formalisms of thermal field theory in other theories, including the one of the propagators for scalar bound states in an NJL model.

A New Formalism for Modeling a Multi Agent Systems: Agent Petri Nets

In this paper, we present a new formalism for Modeling Multi Agent Systems (MAS). Our model based a PN is able to describe not only not the internal state of each agent modeled but also its behavior. Owing to these features, one can model naturally the dynamic behavior of complex systems and the communication between these entities. For this, we propose mathematical definitions attached to firing transitions. To validate our contribution, we will deal with real examples.

Einstein Dilemma and Two-State Vector Formalism

In the famous EPR paper published in 1935, Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen suggested a thought experiment, which later became known as the “EPR experiment”. Using the EPR experiment, they posited that quantum mechanics was incomplete. Einstein, however, was dissatisfied with the EPR paper and published a second work on the EPR experiment, in which he discussed the dilemma of choosing whether quantum mechanics was incomplete or nonlocal. Currently, most physicists choose the nonlocality of quantum mechanics over Einstein’s choice of the incompleteness of quantum mechanics. However, with an appropriate alternate hypothesis, both of these choices can be rejected. Herein, I demonstrate an approach to overcome the Einstein Dilemma by proposing a new interpretation invoked by a new formalism of quantum mechanics known as two-state vector formalism.