Effects of Dietary Fat Levels on Growth, Nutrient Digestibility, Nitrogen Utilization and Fur Quality of Growing-furring Blue Foxes

This study evaluated the effects of dietary fat levels on the growth, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and pelt characteristics of the blue fox(Alopex lagopus). Age-matched blue foxes(12 weeks old) with similar body weights were randomly divided into six dietary groups over 98 days, during the growing-furring period. Blue foxes in the six groups were fed with experimental diets containing 10%(groupⅠ), 12%(groupⅡ), 14%(group Ⅲ), 16%(group Ⅳ), 18%(groupⅤ) and 20%(group Ⅵ) fat during the growing period(from 13 weeks to 18 weeks of age);foxes were fed with diets containing 12%(groupⅠ), 14%(groupⅡ), 16%(group Ⅲ), 18%(group Ⅳ), 20%(groupⅤ) and 22%(group Ⅵ) fat during the furring period(from 18 weeks to 26 weeks of age). The results indicated that 16%-18% dietary fat, during the growing period significantly improved nutrient utilization, and as a main energy source, significantly reduced the feed/gain ratio. A dietary fat level of 18%, during the furring period not only improved the growth and development and decreased the feed/gain ratio, but also increased nutrient digestibility and fur quality. These data, combined with data from a conic regression model, showed that dietary fat levels between 16.29% and 18.40%, during the growing period and between 17.72% and 18.72%, during the furring period enhanced the growth performance and fur quality of blue foxes.

On Power Relations in The Little Foxes from the Perspective of Turn-taking Analysis

This paper focuses on discussing the power relations among the Hubbards from the perspective of turn-taking analysis.In it, a lot of work about the quantitative turn-taking analysis has been done. And the mentioned data reflects that there is a close relationship between power and turn-taking.

Foxes ’nest’ in tree

A family of foxes has made its home 30ft up in the air at the top of a tree in Suffolk.Donna Martell, from Ipswich, discovered the unlikely den (窝)after noticing a young fox club scaling

STRUGGLE FOR A "ZERO ZONE"——Women's Plight Situation in The Little Foxes

The little foxes, Lillian Hellman's most popular piece of drama, is a cynical play which concerns with family greed and revenge. Analyzed from various critical perspectives, The Little Foxes is most prominently studied on her political viewpoint. Here this paper is intended to study it from the aspect of women's position in the drama, or more concretely, in that society by the analyzing of the two main women characters: Birdie and Regina, to reveal that whichever kind of life a woman living in the early twentieth chose to live, she would never be "successful".

FIVE FOXes“船大”一样好掉头

服装经营要不要上规模已毋需讨论,突出的问题就是怎么在获得规模经济效应的同时,保持经营的灵活性:以前是船小了好掉头,现在换成了旗舰店带队的舰队该怎么办?

Evaluation on Quality of Winter Pelts of Blue Frost Foxes

Several statistic indexes including pelt weight, pelt area, skin thickness, length of hair, fineness of hair and hair density, were adopted in the evaluation of winter pelt quality of blue frost fox and their parents.Results showed that some indexes of qualitative characters of blue frost fox were the medium between blue fox and silver fox, and some were superior to them.

Effects of Feeding Intensity and Ca:P Ratio on Foot Welfare in Blue Foxes (<i>Vulpes lagopus</i>)

The aim was to clarify effects of ad libitum and restricted feeding with Ca:P ratios on foot welfare in blue foxes. Experiment was started at weaning on August 6th and finished at pelting on November 26th, 2013. Treatments were: 1) restricted feeding, Ca:P ratio 1.5:1;2) restricted feeding, Ca:P ratio 2.9:1;3) restricted feeding Ca:P ratio control level;4) ad libitum feeding, Ca:P ratio 1.5:1;5) ad libitum feeding, Ca:P-ratio 2.9:1;6) ad libitum feeding Ca:P ratio control level. Body growth variables, feed intake and welfare variables were measured. The behaviour was video recorded. Foreleg carpal joint angle as an indicator of leg weakness and the fox’s ability to move were evaluated. During weeks 32 - 35 and 37 - 47 animals from restricted groups ate 60% - 65% and 67% - 68% of the given feed, respectively. Body weight gain was faster in foxes fed ad libitum than with a restricted diet (P ad libitum groups compared to restricted ones. The body condition score was significantly (P ad libitum animals. Body length was greater for ad libitum than for restricted groups (P ad libitum and restricted groups

Histopathological Observation of Parvovirus Infection in Foxes

In this study, histopathological changes in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, intestine, brain and other organs of foxes died of parvovims infection were observed. According to the results, multiple organs of infected foxes were congested and hemorrhaged with tissue damage, inflammatory cell infiltration and a series of pathological changes, mainly exhibiting hepatic cell cord rupture, liver cell granular degeneration and fatty degeneration, small intestinal mucous mem- brane shedding, intestinal villi necrosis and shedding, severe hemorrhage of lamina pmpria with inflammatory cell infiltration, and severe small intestinal bleeding. This study laid a solid foundation for clinical diagnosis, prevention and treatment of parvovirus infection in foxes.

Foreleg Bending in Blue Foxes (<i>Vulpes lagopus</i>) as Evaluated by Radiography

The aim was to compare radiographic X-ray data to foreleg bending, moving difficulties and body size in juvenile blue foxes. Experimental groups were: 1) restricted feeding, Ca:P ratio 1.5:1 (R 1);2) restricted feeding, Ca:P ratio 2.9:1 (R 2);3) restricted feeding Ca:P ratio 2.0:1 control level (R 3);4) ad libitum feeding, Ca:P ratio 1.5:1 (AL 1);5) ad libitum feeding, Ca:P ratio 2.9:1 (AL 2);6) ad libitum feeding Ca:P ratio 2.0:1 control level (AL 3). Moving difficulties and foreleg bending were evaluated in live animals. At pelting, left foreleg was removed. X-ray pictures were taken from lateral views. Dimensions of ulna and radius were measured from the X-ray pictures. Conditions of carpal joint and elbow joint were visually evaluated. The results showed that final body weight was affected by feeding intensity (P = 0.001). Ad libitum fed animals had more moving difficulties compared to restricted ones (P = 0.001). The Ca:P ratio tended (P = 0.06) to have an effect on feet bending. Bending was greatest in low Ca:P ratio (1.5:1) and, correspondingly, least in high Ca:P ratio (2.9:1). Moving difficulties were most common in heaviest animals. The moving difficulties tended (P = 0.07) to be positively related to feet bending. Maximum width of ulna was lowest in low Ca:P ratio diet (1.5:1). Bending was negatively correlated with maximum width of ulna. It can be concluded that low Ca:P ratio in the diet (1.5:1) increases foreleg bending in juveniles. Moving difficulties are related to foreleg bending and high body weight.

Isolation and Identification of a Pathogenic E.coli Strain Causing Diarrhea in Foxes

[Objectives] The study aimed to identify the pathogenic E. coli strain that caused diarrhea in foxes and to analyze its drug sensitivity.[Methods] A pathogenic E. coli strain was isolated from dead foxes with diarrhea. By conventional bacterial isolation and culture, morphological observation, pathogenicity test and K-B disc method, the isolated strain was identified as pathogenic E. coli .[Results] The isolated pathogen was highly sensitive to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and lincomycin, moderately sensitive to enrofloxacin, neomycin, gentamycin, spectinomycin, florfenicol, amikacin and polymyxin, and resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin and doxycycline.[Conclusions] This study provided reference for the prevention and control of diarrheal diseases in foxes in Qinhuangdao region.

白花丹素介导sirt1-FOXO1通路对糖尿病肾病大鼠氧化应激损伤的影响

目的探究白花丹素通过沉默信息调节因子2相关酶(sirt)1-叉头框蛋白(FOX)O1通路对糖尿病肾病(DN)大鼠氧化应激损伤的影响。方法120只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、DN组、白花丹素低剂量组、白花丹素高剂量组、EX-527组(sirt1抑制剂,5 mg/kg)、白花丹素高剂量+EX-527组,每组20只。检测大鼠24 h尿蛋白、空腹血糖(FBG)、血肌酐(SCr)、血β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)及肾组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-6水平;测定大鼠左肾指数;过碘酸雪夫(PAS)染色观测肾脏病理变化;TUNEL法检测肾组织细胞凋亡;Western印迹法检测sirt1-FOXO1通路相关蛋白表达。结果与对照组相比,DN组24 h尿蛋白、FBG、Scr、β2-MG水平、左肾指数、MDA、IL-1β、IL-6水平均显著升高,肾组织匀浆SOD、CAT水平、肾组织sirt1、FOXO1蛋白均显著降低(P<0.05)。与DN组相比,白花丹素低、高剂量组24 h尿蛋白、FBG、Scr、β2-MG水平、左肾指数、MDA、IL-1β、IL-6水平均显著降低,肾组织匀浆SOD、CAT水平、肾组织sirt1、FOXO1蛋白显著升高(P<0.05);EX-527组24 h尿蛋白、FBG、Scr、β2-MG水平、左肾指数、MDA、IL-1β、IL-6水平均显著升高,肾组织匀浆SOD、CAT水平、肾组织sirt1、FOXO1蛋白均显著降低(P<0.05);EX-527可部分削弱白花丹素高剂量对DN大鼠氧化应激损伤的缓解作用。结论白花丹素可能通过激活sirt1-FOXO1通路,缓解DN大鼠氧化应激损伤。

二硫化钼掺杂改性FOX⁃7含能复合材料的热分解特性

为了提高1,1‐二氨基‐2,2‐二硝基乙烯(FOX‐7)的热分解特性,在较低分解活化能下实现能量的快速释放,采用溶剂‐反溶剂的方法制备了掺杂改性的FOX‐7/MoS2含能复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、热重‐差示扫描量热仪(TG‐DSC)等分析测试手段对复合材料的形貌结构、物相组成、热分解特性、分解活化能进行了表征和测试。结果表明,掺杂改性的FOX‐7/MoS2含能复合材料既可以提高低温阶段的分解温度,又可以催化高温下的分解放热。其中,与原料相比,FOX‐7/MoS2‐5%的低温阶段的分解温度和分解活化能分别提高了6.8℃和78.6 kJ·mol^(-1);高温阶段的分解温度和分解活化能分别降低了23.4℃和340.4 kJ·mol^(-1)。热重‐质谱结果表明,高温阶段FOX‐7/MoS2‐5%产物中CO_(2)的比例从7.3%增加到16.8%,表明MoS_(2)的掺杂改性又促进了高温阶段的分解,使分解更加完全和充分。

Male Homosexuality and Foxes in Ji Yun's Zhiguai Collection Tales of the Thatched Cottage

Tales reflecting homosexual relationships between foxes and humans had appeared as early as the Ming Dynasty.With both the increase in prevalence in society and fictional representation of homosexuality during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the stories of male-male sex between foxes and humans became increasingly popular,demonstrating the popular attitudes toward homosexuality among the Qing literati.In this paper,I analyze late imperial Chinese homosexuality as portrayed in Ji Yun's zhiguai collection uTales of the Thatched Cottage?,(Yuewei Caotang Biji).Zhiguai,or strange tales in English,is a genre of writing featuring ghosts,magical animalhuman shapeshiftings,dreams that intervene in reality,and other supernatural characters and events.These tales are set against a background of strict Confucian orthodoxy and Buddhist beliefs in sexual activity(whether heterosexual or homosexual)as a manifestation of human greed,in a society where everything had its place,in which the boundaries of sexuality were rigidly controlled.I examine what foxes reveal about homosexuality in these tales as they cross the boundary between moral and immoral,healthy and destructive.1 argue that the fox’s homosexual punishment of humanity has two motives:(1)disciplining sexual lasciviousness and(2)karmic retribution for misdeeds in a former life.In these instances,the fox’s ensuing erotic deviancy serves as the vehicle for cautionary tales that demonstrate homosexuality to be a taboo as it punishes greedy desires(sexual or otherwise).

FOXM1通过调节KIF20A介导巨噬细胞M2极化对食管鳞状细胞癌细胞的作用

目的 探究叉头转录因子(FOX)M1和驱动蛋白家族(KIF)20A对食管鳞状细胞癌细胞的作用及其可能的作用机制。方法 体外培养正常食管上皮细胞(Het-1A)、人食管鳞状细胞癌细胞(KYSE70)和人急性单核细胞白血病细胞(THP-1)。佛波酯(PMA)诱导THP-1细胞产生M0巨噬细胞。将M0巨噬细胞与KYSE70细胞共培养以获得肿瘤相关巨噬细胞(TAM),收集共培养上清液处理KYSE70细胞,分为空白对照组(不进行转染)、si-NC组(转染si-NC)、si-FOXM1组(转染si-FOXM1)、si-NC+oe-NC组(转染si-NC和oe-NC)、si-FOXM1+oe-NC组(转染si-FOXM1和oe-NC)、si-NC+oe-KIF20A组(转染si-NC和oe-KIF20A)、si-FOXM1+oe-KIF20A组(转染si-FOXM1和oe-KIF20A),荧光素酶报告实验和染色质免疫沉淀(ChIP)-PCR实验检测FOXM1对KIF20A的转录调控作用;实时荧光定量(qRT)-PCR和Western印迹检测FOXM1、KIF20A、精氨酸(Arg)-1、白细胞介素(IL)-10、E-钙黏蛋白(cadherin)和N-cadherin表达;流式细胞术检测TAM细胞中CD68^(+)/CD206^(+)细胞率;EdU实验检测细胞增殖;CCK-8检测细胞活力;Transwell实验检测细胞迁移和侵袭。结果 与Het-1A组相比,KYSE70组细胞中FOXM1和KIF20A表达明显升高(P<0.001)。FOXM1通过靶向结合KIF20A启动子区域调节KIF20A表达。与si-NC+oe-NC组相比,si-FOXM1+oe-NC组TAM细胞中CD68^(+)/CD206^(+)细胞率、Arg-1和IL-10蛋白表达明显降低(P<0.05),si-NC+oe-KIF20A组变化明显升高(P<0.05);与si-FOXM1+oe-NC组相比,si-FOXM1+oe-KIF20A组TAM细胞中CD68^(+)/CD206^(+)细胞率、Arg-1和IL-10蛋白表达明显升高(P<0.05)。用共培养上清液处理KYSE70细胞,与空白对照组相比,TAM组KYSE70细胞活力、增殖、迁移、侵袭和EMT能力受到明显促进(P<0.05);与si-NC+oe-NC+TAM组相比,si-FOXM1+oe-NC+TAM组KYSE70细胞活力、增殖、迁移、侵袭和EMT能力明显抑制,而si-NC+oe-KIF20A+TAM组明显促进(P<0.05);与si-FOXM1+oe-NC+TAM组相比,si-FOXM1+oe-KIF20A+TAM组KYSE70细胞活力、增殖、迁移、侵袭和EMT能力受到明显促进(P<0.05)。结论 FOXM1通过上调KIF20A表达促进巨噬细胞M2极化从而促进KYSE70细胞增殖和转移。

Mink Circovirus Can Infect Minks, Foxes and Raccoon Dogs

Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-stranded circular genome of the virus is 1,753 nucleotides long and contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 (Rep gene)and ORF2 (Cap gene)(Lian et al. 2014;Ge et al. 2018).

Effects of dietary methionine supplementation on growth performance of cubs,nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and serum biochemical indicators of female blue foxes(Alopex lagopus)

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of methionine(Met) supplementation on growth performance of cubs, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and serum biochemical parameters of female blue foxes. One hundred primiparous female blue foxes that were similar in breeding date, pedigree, age, and weight were selected for the trial. The foxes were randomly assigned to four groups(n = 25 each group) and fed diets supplemented with Met at 2(Met2), 4(Met4), 6(Met6)and 8 g/kg(Met8), respectively, for 40 days. Our data showed that body weights at 20 and 40 d were significantly higher in the Met4 group than in the Met2 group(P < 0.05). The Met4 group also had the highest apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein compared with either the Met2, Met6, or Met8 group(P< 0.05). The serum Met and isoleucine(Ile) concentrations were significantly higher in the Met4 group than in the Met6 or Met8 group(P < 0.05). In summary, these data indicate that supplementary Met improves growth performance of cubs likely due to increased crude protein and dry matter and increased nitrogen retention of female blue foxes. The optimal amount of Met supplementation is10 g/kg basal diet.

白皮杉醇对糖尿病肾病肾小管间质纤维化、肾小管凋亡及FoxO1表达的影响

目的探究白皮杉醇(Pic)对糖尿病肾病(DN)肾小管间质纤维化、肾小管凋亡的影响及潜在机制。方法选择雄性C57BL/6小鼠40只,随机分为对照(Control)组、模型(Model)组、Pic低剂量(Low-Pic)组、Pic中剂量(Mid-Pic)组及Pic高剂量(High-Pic)组各8只。除Control组外,其他组进行高糖高脂饮食,并配合链脲佐菌素(STZ)腹腔注射诱导构建DN小鼠模型。Low-Pic、Mid-Pic及High-Pic组DN造模成功后,分别给予Pic 10、20及40 mg/kg灌胃2 w,Control组及Model组给予等量生理盐水灌胃。留取血清及肾脏组织,检测小鼠空腹血糖、血清肌酐、尿素氮及24 h尿总蛋白;采用Western印迹测定肾脏组织蛋白表达。体外培养人肾小管上皮细胞株(HK)-2,随机分为Control组、Model组、Low-Pic组、Mid-Pic组及High-Pic组。除Control组外,使用30 mmol/L D-葡萄糖对其他组处理72 h,对Low-Pic组、Mid-Pic组及High-Pic组分别给予Pic 10、20及40μmol/L处理24 h,采用Western印迹测定细胞蛋白表达。结果Model组空腹血糖、血清肌酐、尿素氮及24 h尿蛋白总量显著高于Control组,Low-Pic、Mid-Pic、High-Pic组可呈显著剂量依赖性逆转(均P<0.05)。在HK-2细胞系中,与Control组相比,Model组细胞纤维化相关蛋白E-钙黏附蛋白(cadherin)表达降低,α-SMA表达升高,促凋亡相关蛋白Cleaved Caspase-3及Bax表达升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而Low-Pic、Mid-Pic、High-Pic组可逆转上述变化,且呈显著剂量依赖性(均P<0.05)。此外,Pic各组沉默调节蛋白(Sirt)1和磷酸化叉头框蛋白(Fox)O1蛋白表达水平均显著高于Model组,且随着Pic浓度升高,效果越明显(均P<0.05)。结论Pic可减轻DN引起的肾功能损伤,并抑制肾小管纤维化及凋亡,其发挥保护性作用可能是通过调节Sirt1/FoxO1活化实现。

基于可分性改进分组密码SM4和FOX的积分区分器

可分性是由Todo在EUROCRYPT 2015上首次提出来的,可以看作积分分析的推广,已经被应用于许多对称密码的分析.目前,结合可分性与数学工具,例如混合整数线性规划和布尔可满足性问题等的自动化方法是搜索积分区分器最流行的方法之一.此方法根据可分性在密码基本部件上的传播规则建立约束模型,再选择合适的初始可分性搜索积分区分器.对一个分组密码来说,不同的建模方式和模型的精度会影响自动化搜索积分区分器的结果.本文针对分组密码的两种基本部件:分支异或压缩结构和非比特置换的线性变换,分别提出了两种基于比特可分性的建模策略.策略一根据分支异或压缩结构的特点,增加相关分支输入可分性之间的约束条件,使得初始可分性经过首轮分支异或压缩之后的输出可分性为0,进而提高其他分支可分性的传播优势.策略二对非比特置换的线性变换对应的矩阵进行处理,当矩阵中包含非独立可分性传播时,增加相应的约束条件限制非独立传播比特的可分性,从而提高模型的精度,减少冗余可分迹.为了验证两种建模策略的有效性,将新方法应用于分组密码SM4和FOX:(1)构造了SM4的13轮积分区分器,比之前最好的结果多一轮;(2)构造了FOX64和FOX128的3轮积分区分器,都优于目前已知的最好积分区分器.

miR-187-3p调控FOXK1/NF-κB信号通路影响破骨细胞增殖、凋亡及分化的分子机制

目的探讨miR-187-3p对破骨细胞增殖、凋亡、分化的影响及其对叉头框转录因子(FOX)K1/核因子(NF)-κB信号通路的调控作用。方法选取49例骨质疏松(OP)患者为OP组,同时选取绝经后骨质疏松性无骨折患者49例为control组;18只SPF级雌性大鼠,分为正常组与模型组,每组9只;原代分离培养OP大鼠破骨细胞,miR-NC、miR-187-3p mimics、pcDNA-NC、pcDNA-FOXK1、miR-187-3p mimics与pcDNA-NC、miR-187-3p mimics与pcDNA FOXK1转染入破骨细胞;采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qRT-PCR)与Western印迹分别检测OP患者血清与破骨细胞中miR-187-3p、FOXK1的表达量;采用qRT-PCR法检测破骨细胞中耐酒石酸酸性磷酸酶(Acp)-5、基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)9、组织蛋白酶(Cathepsin K)、整合素(Integrinαv)的表达量;采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞活力;采用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率;双荧光素酶报告基因实验检测miR-187-3p与FOXK1的靶向关系;Western印迹检测Ki-67、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白水解酶(Cleaved-caspase)-3、p-p65、p-核因子κB抑制蛋白(IкB)α蛋白表达量。结果与control组比较,OP组血清中miR-187-3p表达水平明显降低,FOXK1表达水平明显升高(均P<0.05);与正常组比较,模型组miR-187-3p表达水平明显降低,FOXK1表达水平明显升高(均P<0.05);与miR-NC组比较,miR-187-3p组细胞活力明显降低,细胞凋亡率明显升高,Ki-67、Acp-5、MMP9、Cathepsin K、Integrinαv、p-p65、p-IкBα表达水平明显降低,Cleaved-caspase-3蛋白水平明显升高(均P<0.05);与pcDNA-NC组或miR-187-3p+pcDNA-NC组比较,pcDNA-FOXK1组或miR-187-3p+pcDNA-FOXK1组细胞活力明显升高,细胞凋亡率明显降低,Ki-67、Acp-5、MMP9、Cathepsin K、Integrinαv、p-p65、p-IкBα表达水平明显升高,Cleaved-caspase-3蛋白水平明显降低(均P<0.05);双荧光素酶报告基因实验证实FOXK1是miR-187-3p的靶基因。结论miR-187-3p过表达可通过下调FOXK1的表达从而抑制破骨细胞增殖、分化及促进破骨细胞凋亡,其作用机制与抑制NF-κB信号通路的活化有关。

Oppositional Red Fox Optimization Based Task Scheduling Scheme for Cloud Environment

Owing to massive technological developments in Internet of Things(IoT)and cloud environment,cloud computing(CC)offers a highly flexible heterogeneous resource pool over the network,and clients could exploit various resources on demand.Since IoT-enabled models are restricted to resources and require crisp response,minimum latency,and maximum bandwidth,which are outside the capabilities.CC was handled as a resource-rich solution to aforementioned challenge.As high delay reduces the performance of the IoT enabled cloud platform,efficient utilization of task scheduling(TS)reduces the energy usage of the cloud infrastructure and increases the income of service provider via minimizing processing time of user job.Therefore,this article concentration on the design of an oppositional red fox optimization based task scheduling scheme(ORFOTSS)for IoT enabled cloud environment.The presented ORFO-TSS model resolves the problem of allocating resources from the IoT based cloud platform.It achieves the makespan by performing optimum TS procedures with various aspects of incoming task.The designing of ORFO-TSS method includes the idea of oppositional based learning(OBL)as to traditional RFO approach in enhancing their efficiency.A wide-ranging experimental analysis was applied on the CloudSim platform.The experimental outcome highlighted the efficacy of the ORFO-TSS technique over existing approaches.