The application scope of the forward scatter radar(FSR)based on the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)can be expanded by improving the detection capability.Firstly,the forward-scatter signal model when the targe...The application scope of the forward scatter radar(FSR)based on the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)can be expanded by improving the detection capability.Firstly,the forward-scatter signal model when the target crosses the baseline is constructed.Then,the detection method of the for-ward-scatter signal based on the Rényi entropy of time-fre-quency distribution is proposed and the detection performance with different time-frequency distributions is compared.Simula-tion results show that the method based on the smooth pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution(SPWVD)can achieve the best perfor-mance.Next,combined with the geometry of FSR,the influence on detection performance of the relative distance between the target and the baseline is analyzed.Finally,the proposed method is validated by the anechoic chamber measurements and the results show that the detection ability has a 10 dB improvement compared with the common constant false alarm rate(CFAR)detection.展开更多
To detect the improper sitting posture of a person sitting on a chair,a posture detection system using machine learning classification has been proposed in this work.The addressed problem correlates to the third Susta...To detect the improper sitting posture of a person sitting on a chair,a posture detection system using machine learning classification has been proposed in this work.The addressed problem correlates to the third Sustainable Development Goal(SDG),ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages,as specified by the World Health Organization(WHO).An improper sitting position can be fatal if one sits for a long time in the wrong position,and it can be dangerous for ulcers and lower spine discomfort.This novel study includes a practical implementation of a cushion consisting of a grid of 3×3 force-sensitive resistors(FSR)embedded to read the pressure of the person sitting on it.Additionally,the Body Mass Index(BMI)has been included to increase the resilience of the system across individual physical variances and to identify the incorrect postures(backward,front,left,and right-leaning)based on the five machine learning algorithms:ensemble boosted trees,ensemble bagged trees,ensemble subspace K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),ensemble subspace discriminant,and ensemble RUSBoosted trees.The proposed arrangement is novel as existing works have only provided simulations without practical implementation,whereas we have implemented the proposed design in Simulink.The results validate the proposed sensor placements,and the machine learning(ML)model reaches a maximum accuracy of 99.99%,which considerably outperforms the existing works.The proposed concept is valuable as it makes it easier for people in workplaces or even at individual household levels to work for long periods without suffering from severe harmful effects from poor posture.展开更多
基于美国NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)的CFSR(Climate Forecast System Reanalysis)近20a(1991-2010)10m风场再分析数据(0.3°×0.3°,1h/次,简称CFSR风场),对我国近海风能资源分布特征进行了统计...基于美国NCEP(National Centers for Environmental Prediction)的CFSR(Climate Forecast System Reanalysis)近20a(1991-2010)10m风场再分析数据(0.3°×0.3°,1h/次,简称CFSR风场),对我国近海风能资源分布特征进行了统计分析与评估。利用天津渤海A平台观测站(118°25′E,38°27′N)逐时观测风速数据对CFSR风速数据进行了检验,发现均方根误差和平均偏差仅为均较小(分别为2.28m/s与0.16m/s)。基于此CFSR风场,本文章进一步统计并给出了我国陆地年平均风功率密度分布,结果与第三次风能普查(1971-2000年)及相关文献结果 (1991-2010年)相当一致。依据国家风电场风能资源评估方法,由CFSR风场推算了我国近海20a平均的70m高度风能资源分布。结果显示,年平均风功率密度均达到了200 W/m2以上,大于6m/s的风速累积小时数为4 000h以上;其中台湾海峡和东海南部海区风能最为丰富,黄海中部、渤海中部和辽东湾海区风能次之。参照海上风场选址要求,28°N以北的近岸海域由于水深较浅,30m/s以上风速发生频次极低,比较适合建立海上风电场。展开更多
Resonance enhancement has been increasingly employed in the emergent felntosecond stimu- lated Raman spectroscopy （FSRS） to selectively monitor molecular structure and dynamics with improved spectral and temporal re...Resonance enhancement has been increasingly employed in the emergent felntosecond stimu- lated Raman spectroscopy （FSRS） to selectively monitor molecular structure and dynamics with improved spectral and temporal resolutions and signal-to-noise ratios. Such joint eflforts by the technique- and application-oriented scientists and engineers have laid the foundation for exploiting the tunable FSRS methodology to investigate a great variety of photosensitive systems and elucidate the underlying functional mechanisms on molecular time scales. Dur- ing spectral analysis, peak line shapes remain a major concern with an intricate dependence on resonance conditions. Here, we present a comprehensive study of line shapes by tuning the Rarnan pump wavelength from red to blue side of the ground-state absorption band of the fluorescent dye rhodarnine 6G in solution. Distinct line shape patterns in Stokes and anti-Stokes FSRS as well as from the low to high-frequency modes highlight the competition between multiple third-order and higher-order nonlinear pathways, governed by difl^rent res- onance conditions achieved by Raman pump and probe pulses. In particular, the resonance condition of probe wavelength is revealed to play an important role in generating circular line shape changes through oppositely phased dispersion via hot luminescence （HL） pathways. Meanwhile, on-resonance conditions of the Rarnan pump could promote excited-state vibrational modes which are broadened and red-shifted from the coincident ground-state vibrational modes, posing challenges for spectral analysis. Certain strategies in tuning the Raman pump and probe to characteristic regions across an electronic transition band are discussed to improve the FSRS usability and versatility as a powerful structural dynamics toolset to advance chemical, physical, materials, and biological sciences.展开更多
文摘粪肠球菌是难治性根尖周炎(refractory apical periodontitis,RAP)的主要致病菌,该细菌可耐受严苛环境,引发根尖周免疫炎症反应,造成根管内外持续性感染。粪肠球菌黏附于根管牙本质壁形成生物膜,其耐药和抗冲刷能力显著增强,是介导其致病的关键因素。粪肠球菌与牙本质的黏附包括非特异性和特异性黏附,后者由黏附相关毒力因子介导,主要包括肠球菌胶原结合蛋白(adhesin of collagen from enterococci,Ace)、表面蛋白(extracellular surface protein,Esp)、明胶酶(gelatinase,GelE)和丝氨酸蛋白酶(serine prtease,SprE)、菌毛以及聚集物质,且受到多个双组份系统调控。Fsr双组份系统在群体密度增加时可以促进gelE及sprE的表达,GelE进一步减少表面肠球菌胶原结合蛋白Ace,而GrvRS双组份系统则在响应血清环境时直接下调ace的表达。CroRS双组份系统及WalRK双组份系统也可能分别促进和抑制包括ace及gelE在内的多种毒力因子的表达,进而影响粪肠球菌的黏附性。此外,根管机械/化学预备、根管内环境因素等均可对粪肠球菌牙本质黏附产生影响。根管治疗中避免粪肠球菌的引入和使用干扰黏附的药物可以有效预防粪肠球菌的黏附,而多种活化荡洗方法也可以有效增加根管内粪肠球菌的清除率。针对粪肠球菌牙本质黏附关键因子与调控因素为靶点设计合理药物,有望为根管感染控制提供新的思路与手段。本文就粪肠球菌与牙本质的黏附性及其影响因素进行综述。
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62071475,61890541,62171447).
文摘The application scope of the forward scatter radar(FSR)based on the Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)can be expanded by improving the detection capability.Firstly,the forward-scatter signal model when the target crosses the baseline is constructed.Then,the detection method of the for-ward-scatter signal based on the Rényi entropy of time-fre-quency distribution is proposed and the detection performance with different time-frequency distributions is compared.Simula-tion results show that the method based on the smooth pseudo Wigner-Ville distribution(SPWVD)can achieve the best perfor-mance.Next,combined with the geometry of FSR,the influence on detection performance of the relative distance between the target and the baseline is analyzed.Finally,the proposed method is validated by the anechoic chamber measurements and the results show that the detection ability has a 10 dB improvement compared with the common constant false alarm rate(CFAR)detection.
文摘To detect the improper sitting posture of a person sitting on a chair,a posture detection system using machine learning classification has been proposed in this work.The addressed problem correlates to the third Sustainable Development Goal(SDG),ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all ages,as specified by the World Health Organization(WHO).An improper sitting position can be fatal if one sits for a long time in the wrong position,and it can be dangerous for ulcers and lower spine discomfort.This novel study includes a practical implementation of a cushion consisting of a grid of 3×3 force-sensitive resistors(FSR)embedded to read the pressure of the person sitting on it.Additionally,the Body Mass Index(BMI)has been included to increase the resilience of the system across individual physical variances and to identify the incorrect postures(backward,front,left,and right-leaning)based on the five machine learning algorithms:ensemble boosted trees,ensemble bagged trees,ensemble subspace K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN),ensemble subspace discriminant,and ensemble RUSBoosted trees.The proposed arrangement is novel as existing works have only provided simulations without practical implementation,whereas we have implemented the proposed design in Simulink.The results validate the proposed sensor placements,and the machine learning(ML)model reaches a maximum accuracy of 99.99%,which considerably outperforms the existing works.The proposed concept is valuable as it makes it easier for people in workplaces or even at individual household levels to work for long periods without suffering from severe harmful effects from poor posture.
基金supported by the U.S.National Science Foundation CAREER grant(CHE-1455353)the Oregon State University(OSU) Research Equipment Reserve Fund(Spring 2014)to C.Fang(USTC9603)the Wei Family Private Foundation in supporting C.Chen(USTC 0903) during his graduate studies at OSU Chemistry
文摘Resonance enhancement has been increasingly employed in the emergent felntosecond stimu- lated Raman spectroscopy （FSRS） to selectively monitor molecular structure and dynamics with improved spectral and temporal resolutions and signal-to-noise ratios. Such joint eflforts by the technique- and application-oriented scientists and engineers have laid the foundation for exploiting the tunable FSRS methodology to investigate a great variety of photosensitive systems and elucidate the underlying functional mechanisms on molecular time scales. Dur- ing spectral analysis, peak line shapes remain a major concern with an intricate dependence on resonance conditions. Here, we present a comprehensive study of line shapes by tuning the Rarnan pump wavelength from red to blue side of the ground-state absorption band of the fluorescent dye rhodarnine 6G in solution. Distinct line shape patterns in Stokes and anti-Stokes FSRS as well as from the low to high-frequency modes highlight the competition between multiple third-order and higher-order nonlinear pathways, governed by difl^rent res- onance conditions achieved by Raman pump and probe pulses. In particular, the resonance condition of probe wavelength is revealed to play an important role in generating circular line shape changes through oppositely phased dispersion via hot luminescence （HL） pathways. Meanwhile, on-resonance conditions of the Rarnan pump could promote excited-state vibrational modes which are broadened and red-shifted from the coincident ground-state vibrational modes, posing challenges for spectral analysis. Certain strategies in tuning the Raman pump and probe to characteristic regions across an electronic transition band are discussed to improve the FSRS usability and versatility as a powerful structural dynamics toolset to advance chemical, physical, materials, and biological sciences.
