Study of Manganese Promoter on a Precipitated Iron-Based Catalyst for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis

The effects of Manganese （Mn） incorporation on a precipitated iron-based Fischer-Tropsch synthesis （FTS） catalyst were investigated using N2 physical adsorption, air differential thermal analysis （DTA）, H2 temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）, and Mǒssbauer spectroscopy. The FTS performances of the catalysts were tested in a slurry phase reactor. The characterization results indicated that Mn increased the surface area of the catalyst, and improved the dispersion of （α-Fe2O3 and reduced its crystallite size as a result of the high dispersion effect of Mn and the Fe-Mn interaction. The Fe-Mn interaction also suppressed the reduction of （α-Fe2O3 to Fe3O4, stabilized the FeO phase, and （or） decreased the carburization degree of the catalysts in the H2 and syngas reduction processes. In addition, incorporated Mn decreased the initial catalyst activity, but improved the catalyst stability because Mn restrained the reoxidation of iron carbides to Fe3O4, and improved further carburization of the catalysts. Manganese suppressed the formation of CH4 and increased the selectivity to light olefins （C2-4^=）, but it had little effect on the selectivities to heavy （C5＋） hydrocarbons. All these results indicated that the strong Fe-Mn interaction suppressed the chemisorptive effect of the Mn as an electronic promoter, to some extent, in the precipitated iron-manganese catalyst system.

助剂对FT合成Fe—Mn共沉淀催化剂的影响 Ⅱ 催化剂的XPS研究

用X-光电子能谱(XPS)考察了助剂La、K、V对共沉淀Fe-Mn催化剂表相组成的影响。测试结果表明:La、K对催化剂有供电子效应,而V却有吸电子效应;经还原及FT合成反应后,助剂La、K向催化剂表面发生了迁移,同时由于La、K的存在使催化剂表相碳原子的浓度增加;助剂V则呈现出与La、K相反的倾向。

助剂对F－T合成Fe－Mn共沉淀催化剂的影响 Ⅲ．催化剂的MES表征

用穆斯堡尔谱（ＭＥＳ），考察了助剂Ｌａ、Ｋ、Ｖ、Ｚｎ对共沉淀Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ催化剂经焙烧、还原及Ｆ－Ｔ合成反应等不同过程后体相结构的影响。研究表明．４５０℃焙烧后，Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ催化剂由铁磁性和超顺磁性α－（Ｆｅ１－ｘＭｎｘ）２Ｏ３组成。助剂Ｌａ、Ｋ、Ｖ、Ｚｎ的加入均可使催化剂晶粒细化，其中尤以Ｌａ作用最强；还原后，Ｆｅ－Ｍｎ本底催化剂包含超顺磁α－（Ｆｅ１－ｘＭｎｘ）２Ｏ３、（Ｆｅ１－ｚＭｎｚ）Ｏ及α－Ｆｅ等物相，上述助剂的加入均可使α－Ｆｅ的量减少；同时助剂Ｖ、Ｚｎ还使催化剂中出现（Ｆｅ１－ｙＭｎｙ）３Ｏ４尖晶石新相；ＦＴ合成反应后，本底催化剂由超顺磁α（Ｆｅ１－Ｍｎｘ）２Ｏ３、（Ｆｅ１－ｚＭｎｚ）Ｏ、ｘ－Ｆｅ５Ｃ２、ε－Ｆｅ２．２Ｃ及（Ｆｅ１－ｙＭｎｙ）３Ｏ４等物相组成，助剂Ｌａ、Ｋ均使催化剂中碳化物的量增多，其中Ｌａ主要促进生成ε－Ｆｅ２．２Ｃ，而Ｋ则主要促进Ｘ－Ｆｅ５Ｃ２的生成；助剂Ｖ、Ｚｎ使碳化物的量减少，氧化物的量增多，且碳化物主要是ε－Ｆｅ２．２Ｃ。

用MES及XRD研究FT合成催化剂的活性结构

采用穆斯堡尔谱及Ｘ光衍射法研究了共沉淀法制备的不同Ｆｅ／Ｍｎ比催化剂在焙烧、合成气还原及ＦＴ反应后体相结构的变化。结果表明：锰助剂的加入使催化剂体相由铁磁性逐渐转化为超顺磁性，相应使催化剂还原逐渐变难，Ｍｎ助剂促进了ＦＴ合成反应进行。反应性能与Ｆｅ／Ｍｎ尖晶石（Ｆｅ（１－ｙ）Ｍｎｙ）_３Ｏ_４组成含量及式中ｙ大小密切相关，与ＭｎＣＯ_３及ＭｎＯ的存在也有一定关系。富铁催化剂中Ｍｎ主要起电子助剂作用，而富锰催化剂中Ｍｎ不仅起电子调变作用，还直接作为结构助剂，从而在ＦＴ反应中有更加不均匀和复杂的物相出现，进行着氧化、还原及碳化等多种反应的竞争。