盐胁迫是影响植物生长发育的主要非生物胁迫之一。金属蛋白酶FtsH(Filamentation Temperature-Sensitive H)是一种ATP和Zn2+依赖型蛋白酶,广泛存在于真核生物和原核生物中,属于AAA蛋白酶家族(ATPase associated with various cellular a...盐胁迫是影响植物生长发育的主要非生物胁迫之一。金属蛋白酶FtsH(Filamentation Temperature-Sensitive H)是一种ATP和Zn2+依赖型蛋白酶,广泛存在于真核生物和原核生物中,属于AAA蛋白酶家族(ATPase associated with various cellular activities),在植物叶绿体发育、光合系统蛋白合成和修复、非生物胁迫的应答和抵抗、植物叶片杂色的调控等重要植物生长发育过程中起到了重要的作用。FtsH在拟南芥、油菜、大豆等植物中多有研究,但在紫花苜蓿中的功能还尚未有详细报导。本研究克隆且分析了紫花苜蓿MsFtsH8基因的表达模式,并对该基因进行生物信息学分析,通过在拟南芥中过表达发现,过表达的拟南芥植株在盐胁迫条件下,种子发芽率、根长和鲜重显著提高。研究结果表明,MsFtsH8具有调控耐盐的功能。本研究为苜蓿耐盐分子育种提供了重要候选基因和理论参考。展开更多
Increasing plant photosynthetic capacity is a promising approach to boost yields,but it is particularly challenging in C3crops,such as soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.).Here,we identified GmFtsH25,encoding a member of the...Increasing plant photosynthetic capacity is a promising approach to boost yields,but it is particularly challenging in C3crops,such as soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.).Here,we identified GmFtsH25,encoding a member of the filamentation temperature-sensitive protein H protease family,as a major gene involved in soybean photosynthesis,using linkage mapping and a genome-wide association study.Overexpressing GmFtsH25 resulted in more grana thylakoid stacks in chloroplasts and increased photosynthetic efficiency and starch content,while knocking out GmFtsH25 produced the opposite phenotypes.GmFtsH25 interacted with photosystem I light harvesting complex 2(GmLHCa2),and this interaction may contribute to the observed enhanced photosynthesis.GmFtsH25 overexpression lines had superior yield traits,such as yield per plant,compared to the wild type and knockout lines.Additionally,we identified an elite haplotype of GmFtsH25,generated by natural mutations,which appears to have been selected during soybean domestication.Our study sheds light on the molecular mechanism by which GmFtsH25 modulates photosynthesis and provides a promising strategy for improving the yields of soybean and other crops.展开更多
FtsH proteases are membrane-embedded proteolytic complexes important for protein quality control and regulation of various physiological processes in bacteria,mitochondria,and chloroplasts.Like most cyanobacteria,the ...FtsH proteases are membrane-embedded proteolytic complexes important for protein quality control and regulation of various physiological processes in bacteria,mitochondria,and chloroplasts.Like most cyanobacteria,the model species Synechocystis sp.PCC 6803 contains four FtsH homologs,FtsH1–FtsH4.FtsH1–FtsH3 form two hetero-oligomeric complexes,FtsH1/3 and FtsH2/3,which play a pivotal role in acclimation to nutrient deficiency and photosystem Ⅱ quality control,respectively.FtsH4 differs from the other three homologs by the formation of a homo-oligomeric complex,and together with Arabidopsis thaliana AtFtsH7/9 orthologs,it has been assigned to another phylogenetic group of unknown function.Our results exclude the possibility that Synechocystis FtsH4 structurally or functionally substitutes for the missing or non-functional FtsH2 subunit in the FtsH2/3 complex.Instead,we demonstrate that FtsH4 is involved in the biogenesis of photosystem Ⅱ by dual regulation of high light-inducible proteins(Hlips).FtsH4 positively regulates expression of Hlips shortly after high light exposure but is also responsible for Hlip removal under conditions when their elevated levels are no longer needed.We provide experimental support for Hlips as proteolytic substrates of FtsH4.Fluorescent labeling of FtsH4 enabled us to assess its localization using advanced microscopic techniques.Results show that FtsH4 complexes are concentrated in well-defined membrane regions at the inner and outer periphery of the thylakoid system.Based on the identification of proteins that co-purified with the tagged FtsH4,we speculate that FtsH4 concentrates in special compartments in which the biogenesis of photosynthetic complexes takes place.展开更多
Reactive oxygen species and auxin play important roles in the networks that regulate plant development and morphogenetic changes, However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between them are poorly u...Reactive oxygen species and auxin play important roles in the networks that regulate plant development and morphogenetic changes, However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between them are poorly understood. This study isolated a mas （More Axillary Shoots） mutant, which was identified as an allele of the mitochondrial AAA-protease AtFtSH4, and characterized the function of the FtSH4 gene in regulating plant development by medi- ating the peroxidase-dependent interplay between hydrogen peroxide （H2Oz） and auxin homeostasis. The phenotypes of dwarfism and increased axillary branches observed in the mas （renamed as ftsh4-4） mutant result from a decrease in the IAA concentration. The expression levels of several auxin signaling genes, including IAA1, IAA2, and IAA3, as well as several auxin binding and transport genes, decreased significantly in ftsh4-4 plants. However, the H202 and peroxidases levels, which also have IAA oxidase activity, were significantly elevated in ftsh4-4 plants. The ftsh4-4 phenotypes could be reversed by expressing the iaaM gene or by knocking down the peroxidase genes PRX34 and PRX33. Both approaches can increase auxin levels in the ftsh4-4 mutant. Taken together, these results provided direct molecular and genetic evidence for the interaction between mitochondrial ATP-dependent protease, H2O2, and auxin homeostasis to regulate plant growth and development.展开更多
药品与个人护理品(pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs)作为一类广泛使用和具有特殊物理化学特性的新型环境污染物,能够在水环境中持续低浓度的存在,对水生生态系统具有潜在风险,已经引起了广泛的关注。鱼体内PPCPs的累...药品与个人护理品(pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs)作为一类广泛使用和具有特殊物理化学特性的新型环境污染物,能够在水环境中持续低浓度的存在,对水生生态系统具有潜在风险,已经引起了广泛的关注。鱼体内PPCPs的累积与代谢过程研究在PPCPs的生态风险评价中占据极其重要的地位。概述了PPCPs在鱼体内的分布,分析了影响PPCPs在鱼体内累积的因素如PPCPs的性质、组织差异、鱼的种类、不同的描述方法等,讨论了PPCPs的代谢机制,重点介绍了PPCPs在胆汁内的解毒机制和代谢产物,强调了胆汁应用的重要意义。最后,展望了PPCPs在鱼体内的累积和代谢这一研究领域的发展方向。展开更多
Oxidative post-translational modifications of specific chloroplast proteins contribute to the initiation of retrograde signaling.The Arabidopsis thaliana EXECUTER1(EX1)protein,a chloroplast-localized singlet oxygen(^(...Oxidative post-translational modifications of specific chloroplast proteins contribute to the initiation of retrograde signaling.The Arabidopsis thaliana EXECUTER1(EX1)protein,a chloroplast-localized singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))sensor,undergoes tryptophan(Trp)643 oxidation by^(1)O_(2),a chloroplast-derived and light-dependent reactive oxygen species.The indole side chain of Trp is vulnerable to^(1)O_(2),leading to the generation of oxidized Trp variants and priming EX1 for degradation by a membrane-bound FtsH protease.The perception of^(1)O_(2)via Trp643 oxidation and subsequent EX1 proteolysis facilitate chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling.In this study,we discovered that the EX1-like protein EX2 also undergoes^(1)O_(2)-dependent Trp530 oxidation and FtsH-dependent turnover,which attenuates^(1)O_(2)signaling by decelerating EX1-Trp643 oxidation and subsequent EX1 degradation.Consistent with this finding,the loss of EX2 function reinforces EX1-dependent retrograde signaling by accelerating EX1-Trp643 oxidation and subsequent EX1 proteolysis,whereas overexpression of EX2 produces molecular phenotypes opposite to those observed in the loss-of-function mutants of EX2.Intriguingly,phylogenetic analysis suggests that EX2 may have emerged evolutionarily to attenuate the sensitivity of EX1 toward^(1)O_(2).Collectively,these results suggest that EX2 functions as a negative regulator of the EX1 signalosome through its own^(1)O_(2)-dependent oxidation,providing a new mechanistic insight into the regulation of EX1-mediated^(1)O_(2)signaling.展开更多
文摘盐胁迫是影响植物生长发育的主要非生物胁迫之一。金属蛋白酶FtsH(Filamentation Temperature-Sensitive H)是一种ATP和Zn2+依赖型蛋白酶,广泛存在于真核生物和原核生物中,属于AAA蛋白酶家族(ATPase associated with various cellular activities),在植物叶绿体发育、光合系统蛋白合成和修复、非生物胁迫的应答和抵抗、植物叶片杂色的调控等重要植物生长发育过程中起到了重要的作用。FtsH在拟南芥、油菜、大豆等植物中多有研究,但在紫花苜蓿中的功能还尚未有详细报导。本研究克隆且分析了紫花苜蓿MsFtsH8基因的表达模式,并对该基因进行生物信息学分析,通过在拟南芥中过表达发现,过表达的拟南芥植株在盐胁迫条件下,种子发芽率、根长和鲜重显著提高。研究结果表明,MsFtsH8具有调控耐盐的功能。本研究为苜蓿耐盐分子育种提供了重要候选基因和理论参考。
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1001204)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32090065,31871649,32072080,32101742)+1 种基金the Horizon 2020 of European Union(EUCLEG/727312)Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(22)2003)。
文摘Increasing plant photosynthetic capacity is a promising approach to boost yields,but it is particularly challenging in C3crops,such as soybean(Glycine max(L.)Merr.).Here,we identified GmFtsH25,encoding a member of the filamentation temperature-sensitive protein H protease family,as a major gene involved in soybean photosynthesis,using linkage mapping and a genome-wide association study.Overexpressing GmFtsH25 resulted in more grana thylakoid stacks in chloroplasts and increased photosynthetic efficiency and starch content,while knocking out GmFtsH25 produced the opposite phenotypes.GmFtsH25 interacted with photosystem I light harvesting complex 2(GmLHCa2),and this interaction may contribute to the observed enhanced photosynthesis.GmFtsH25 overexpression lines had superior yield traits,such as yield per plant,compared to the wild type and knockout lines.Additionally,we identified an elite haplotype of GmFtsH25,generated by natural mutations,which appears to have been selected during soybean domestication.Our study sheds light on the molecular mechanism by which GmFtsH25 modulates photosynthesis and provides a promising strategy for improving the yields of soybean and other crops.
基金supported by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic(19-08900Y to V.K.,22-03092S to A.W.)support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(UK)(BB/M012166/1)+1 种基金financial support from the European Research Council,Synergy award 854126.C.N.Hsupported by award BB/M000265/1 fromthe Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(BBSRC UK).
文摘FtsH proteases are membrane-embedded proteolytic complexes important for protein quality control and regulation of various physiological processes in bacteria,mitochondria,and chloroplasts.Like most cyanobacteria,the model species Synechocystis sp.PCC 6803 contains four FtsH homologs,FtsH1–FtsH4.FtsH1–FtsH3 form two hetero-oligomeric complexes,FtsH1/3 and FtsH2/3,which play a pivotal role in acclimation to nutrient deficiency and photosystem Ⅱ quality control,respectively.FtsH4 differs from the other three homologs by the formation of a homo-oligomeric complex,and together with Arabidopsis thaliana AtFtsH7/9 orthologs,it has been assigned to another phylogenetic group of unknown function.Our results exclude the possibility that Synechocystis FtsH4 structurally or functionally substitutes for the missing or non-functional FtsH2 subunit in the FtsH2/3 complex.Instead,we demonstrate that FtsH4 is involved in the biogenesis of photosystem Ⅱ by dual regulation of high light-inducible proteins(Hlips).FtsH4 positively regulates expression of Hlips shortly after high light exposure but is also responsible for Hlip removal under conditions when their elevated levels are no longer needed.We provide experimental support for Hlips as proteolytic substrates of FtsH4.Fluorescent labeling of FtsH4 enabled us to assess its localization using advanced microscopic techniques.Results show that FtsH4 complexes are concentrated in well-defined membrane regions at the inner and outer periphery of the thylakoid system.Based on the identification of proteins that co-purified with the tagged FtsH4,we speculate that FtsH4 concentrates in special compartments in which the biogenesis of photosynthetic complexes takes place.
文摘Reactive oxygen species and auxin play important roles in the networks that regulate plant development and morphogenetic changes, However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the interactions between them are poorly understood. This study isolated a mas （More Axillary Shoots） mutant, which was identified as an allele of the mitochondrial AAA-protease AtFtSH4, and characterized the function of the FtSH4 gene in regulating plant development by medi- ating the peroxidase-dependent interplay between hydrogen peroxide （H2Oz） and auxin homeostasis. The phenotypes of dwarfism and increased axillary branches observed in the mas （renamed as ftsh4-4） mutant result from a decrease in the IAA concentration. The expression levels of several auxin signaling genes, including IAA1, IAA2, and IAA3, as well as several auxin binding and transport genes, decreased significantly in ftsh4-4 plants. However, the H202 and peroxidases levels, which also have IAA oxidase activity, were significantly elevated in ftsh4-4 plants. The ftsh4-4 phenotypes could be reversed by expressing the iaaM gene or by knocking down the peroxidase genes PRX34 and PRX33. Both approaches can increase auxin levels in the ftsh4-4 mutant. Taken together, these results provided direct molecular and genetic evidence for the interaction between mitochondrial ATP-dependent protease, H2O2, and auxin homeostasis to regulate plant growth and development.
文摘药品与个人护理品(pharmaceuticals and personal care products,PPCPs)作为一类广泛使用和具有特殊物理化学特性的新型环境污染物,能够在水环境中持续低浓度的存在,对水生生态系统具有潜在风险,已经引起了广泛的关注。鱼体内PPCPs的累积与代谢过程研究在PPCPs的生态风险评价中占据极其重要的地位。概述了PPCPs在鱼体内的分布,分析了影响PPCPs在鱼体内累积的因素如PPCPs的性质、组织差异、鱼的种类、不同的描述方法等,讨论了PPCPs的代谢机制,重点介绍了PPCPs在胆汁内的解毒机制和代谢产物,强调了胆汁应用的重要意义。最后,展望了PPCPs在鱼体内的累积和代谢这一研究领域的发展方向。
基金This research was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant no.XDB27040102)the 100-Talent Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(grant no.31871397)to C.K.Support from a President's International Fellowship Initiative(PIFI)postdoctoral fellowship from the Chinese Academy of Sciences(no.2019PB0066)to V.D.is also acknowledged.
文摘Oxidative post-translational modifications of specific chloroplast proteins contribute to the initiation of retrograde signaling.The Arabidopsis thaliana EXECUTER1(EX1)protein,a chloroplast-localized singlet oxygen(^(1)O_(2))sensor,undergoes tryptophan(Trp)643 oxidation by^(1)O_(2),a chloroplast-derived and light-dependent reactive oxygen species.The indole side chain of Trp is vulnerable to^(1)O_(2),leading to the generation of oxidized Trp variants and priming EX1 for degradation by a membrane-bound FtsH protease.The perception of^(1)O_(2)via Trp643 oxidation and subsequent EX1 proteolysis facilitate chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling.In this study,we discovered that the EX1-like protein EX2 also undergoes^(1)O_(2)-dependent Trp530 oxidation and FtsH-dependent turnover,which attenuates^(1)O_(2)signaling by decelerating EX1-Trp643 oxidation and subsequent EX1 degradation.Consistent with this finding,the loss of EX2 function reinforces EX1-dependent retrograde signaling by accelerating EX1-Trp643 oxidation and subsequent EX1 proteolysis,whereas overexpression of EX2 produces molecular phenotypes opposite to those observed in the loss-of-function mutants of EX2.Intriguingly,phylogenetic analysis suggests that EX2 may have emerged evolutionarily to attenuate the sensitivity of EX1 toward^(1)O_(2).Collectively,these results suggest that EX2 functions as a negative regulator of the EX1 signalosome through its own^(1)O_(2)-dependent oxidation,providing a new mechanistic insight into the regulation of EX1-mediated^(1)O_(2)signaling.
