FY-3A SATELLITE MICROWAVE DATA ASSIMILATION EXPERIMENTS IN TROPICAL CYCLONE FORECAST

China's new generation of polar-orbiting meteorological satellite FY-3A was successfully launched on May 26,2008,carrying microwave sounding devices which had similar performance to ATOVS of NOAA series.In order to study the application of microwave sounding data in numerical prediction of typhoons and to improve typhoon forecasting,we assimilated data directly for numerical forecasting of the track and intensity of the 2009 typhoon Morakot(0908)based on the WRF-3DVar system.Results showed that the initial fields of the numerical model due to direct assimilation of FY-3A microwave sounding data was improved much more than that due to assimilation of conventional observations alone,and the improvement was especially significant over the ocean,which is always without conventional observations.The model initial fields were more reasonable in reflecting the initial situation of typhoon circulation as well as temperature and humidity conditions,and typhoon central position at sea was also adjusted.Through direct 3DVar assimilation of FY-3A microwave data,the regional mesoscale model improves the forecasting of typhoon track.Therefore,the FY-3A microwave data could efficiently improve the numerical prediction of typhoons.

Assimilation of Feng-Yun-3B Satellite Microwave Humidity Sounder Data over Land

The ECMWF has been assimilating Feng-Yun-3B （FY-3B） satellite microwave humidity sounder （MWHS） data over ocean in an operational forecasting system since 24 September 2014, It is more difficult, however, to assimilate microwave observations over land and sea ice than over the open ocean due to higher uncertainties in land surface temperature, surface emissivity and less effective cloud screening. We compare approaches in which the emissivity is retrieved dynamically from MWHS channel l [150 GHz （vertical polarization）] with the use of an evolving emissivity atlas from 89 GHz observations from the MWHS onboard NOAA and EUMETSAT satellites. The assimilation of the additional data over land improves the fit of short-range forecasts to other observations, notably ATMS （Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder） humidity channels, and the forecast impacts are mainly neutral to slightly positive over the first five days. The forecast impacts are better in boreal summer and the Southern Hemisphere. These results suggest that the techniques tested allow for effective assimilation of MWHS/FY-3B data over land.

利用FY-3星载微波资料对热带气旋云系和暖核特征的分析

介绍了中国FY-3系列卫星搭载的微波遥感仪器性能特点,以"1109"超强台风"梅花"为研究个例。通过微波湿度计单通道微波图像和微波成像仪双极化通道散点图,分析了台风云系中云雨粒子对遥感通道辐射的吸收和散射效应,揭示了台风在微波图像上表现形式的内在物理原因。利用微波向量辐射传输模式的模拟表明:微波温度计各氧气吸收通道对热带气旋系统水汽和水凝物含量变化的敏感性不大。因此,可利用权重函数峰值位于对流层中上层的通道3,探测出台风暖核辐射信息。根据两者相匹配的5个较理想时次数据,选取距"梅花"中心400 km范围为研究区域,并提出用于修正扫描点分辨率不均匀所带来取样偏差的方法,分别计算出订正临边效应后的暖核强度,发现它同表征台风强度的中心海平面气压变化趋势相一致。

MWHS/FY-3资料同化在四川盆地暴雨预报中的应用研究

为了研究同化风云三号B星(FY-3B)和C星(FY-3C)的微波湿度计(MWHS及MWHS-2)观测资料在四川暴雨数值预报中的影响,本文基于Weather Research and Forecasting Model(WRF)及其三维变分同化系统Weather Research Forecast Variatinal Data Assimilation System(WRFDA),实现了对MWHS/FY-3B和MWHS-2/FY-3C观测资料的直接同化。针对2018年7月的一次四川盆地区域性暴雨过程的同化试验结果表明:同化风云三号系列卫星的微波湿度计观测资料对试验开始时刻均有改善,对相对湿度和矢量风场等物理量场有一定的正向调整作用,尤其是同化MWHS-2/FY-3C资料对风场的调整较为明显。同化试验对龙门山北部降水有较明显的改善作用,改善了降水的分布与落区,其中同化MWHS/FY-3B对盆地中部到东北部的降水量级的预报更接近实况,雨区更为连续。同化试验证明了同化风云三号系列卫星的微波湿度计观测资料对于四川盆地暴雨数值预报有一定的业务应用价值。

Precipitation Detection and Retrieving Based on FY-3C MWHTS

The paper develops a passive sub-millimeter precipitation retrievals algorithm for Microwave Humidity and Temperature Sounder(MWHTS)onboard the Chinese Feng Yun 3C(FY-3C)satellite.The retrieval algorithm employs a number of neural network estimators trained and evaluated using the validated global reference physical model NCEP/WRF/ARTS,and works for seawater.NCEP data per 6 hours are downloaded to run the Weather Research and Forecast model WRF,and derive the typical precipitation data from the whole world.The Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator ARTS is feasible for performing simulations of atmospheric radiative transfer.Rain detection algorithm has been used to generate level 2 products.Retrievals are reliable for surface precipitation rate higher than 0.1 mm/h at 15km resolution,which is in good agreement with those retrieved using the Precipitation retrieval algorithm version 1(ATMP-1)for Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder(ATMS)aboard Suomi NPP satellite.

风云三号卫星微波载荷历史数据再定标

本文在综述国际上星载微波辐射计历史数据再定标技术基础上,介绍了风云三号卫星微波载荷特点,综述业务辐射定标和历史数据再定标共性技术,阐述风云三号卫星微波载荷通过仪器系统全链路辐射传递仿真构建在轨特殊工况辐射修正模型后,以国际参考载荷为参考消除代际间辐射差异的历史数据再定标技术路线;简介了风云三号卫星微波载荷在轨基本业务状态以及历史数据再定标研究成果,再定标生成的风云三号微波长时序L1科学数据集,经与国际同类载荷交叉比对表明氧气吸收通道长时间序列亮温数据RMSE为0.77 K,标准差为0.28 K;水汽吸收通道再定标后长时间序列数据的RMSE最优达到0.80 K,标准差为0.20 K;窗区通道以23.8 GHz的V极化通道为例再定标后长时间序列数据的RMSE最优达到1.29 K,标准差为0.15 K;在定标后最大RMSE不超过1.5 K。风云卫星微波载荷与参考载荷之间具有非常好的辐射一致性。风云三号卫星微波载荷历史数据再定标结果为后续建立风云卫星微波载荷基础气候数据集(FCDR)、和包含关键气候变量的网格化气候数据集(CDR)提供了基础性支撑。