CSES/FY3C掩星与数字测高仪探测电离层特征参数比较分析

为了进一步提高当前风云三号系列卫星(FY3C)以及张衡一号电磁监测试验卫星(CSES)等具备北斗卫星导航系统(BDS)及全球定位系统(GPS)无线电掩星(RO)观测能力的低轨卫星所得电离层峰值参数的反演精度,提出一种以数字测高仪探测数据为参考,采用多种时空匹配窗口对掩星反演结果进行电离层特征参数验证分析的方法:实验结合2018-7-20—2018-8-20共计20551次掩星事件,及6094个数字测高仪观测电子密度廓线数据,从峰值密度、峰值高度及临界频率等多方面对FY3C与CSES卫星掩星观测进行对比分析;同时为避免由于不同观测数据时空不一致引入的差异,分析不同时空匹配窗口对掩星与数字测高仪观测结果比对的影响。结果表明:低轨卫星掩星所得峰值参数与数字测高仪观测资料在不同匹配准则下的比较结果存在差异;当空间(时间)窗口不变时,随着时间(空间)窗口增大,无论是低轨卫星掩星同数字测高仪探测数据的比较,还是低轨卫星自身之间的比较,其电离层峰值参数数据匹配的相关性(一致性)都将下降,进而导致相关系数与拟合精度的减小;在相同的时空匹配窗口中,CSES与FY3C掩星反演出的电离层峰值密度相关性较强,而电离层峰值高度相关性较弱;CSES卫星更适合于低纬地区低高度与中高纬地区低中高度的电离层掩星探测,而FY3C卫星则适合于低纬地区中高高度与中高纬地区高于CSES卫星轨道高度的电离层掩星探测。

Growing Operational Use of FY-3 Data in the ECMWF System

This paper reviews the data quality and impact of observations from the FY-3 satellite series used operationally in the ECMWF system. This includes data from the passive microwave radiometers MWHS-1, MWHS-2 and MWRI, as well as observations from the radio occultation receiver GNOS. Evaluations against background equivalents show that the quality of the observations is broadly comparable to that of similar instruments on other polar-orbiting satellites, even though biases for the passive microwave observations can be somewhat larger and more complex for some channels. An observing system experiment shows that the FY-3 instruments jointly contribute significantly to the forecast skill in the ECMWF system. Positive impact of up to 2% is seen for most variables out to the day-2 forecasts over hemispheric scales, with significant benefits for total column water vapor or for temperature and wind in the stratosphere out to day 4.

Precipitation Detection and Retrieving Based on FY-3C MWHTS

The paper develops a passive sub-millimeter precipitation retrievals algorithm for Microwave Humidity and Temperature Sounder(MWHTS)onboard the Chinese Feng Yun 3C(FY-3C)satellite.The retrieval algorithm employs a number of neural network estimators trained and evaluated using the validated global reference physical model NCEP/WRF/ARTS,and works for seawater.NCEP data per 6 hours are downloaded to run the Weather Research and Forecast model WRF,and derive the typical precipitation data from the whole world.The Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator ARTS is feasible for performing simulations of atmospheric radiative transfer.Rain detection algorithm has been used to generate level 2 products.Retrievals are reliable for surface precipitation rate higher than 0.1 mm/h at 15km resolution,which is in good agreement with those retrieved using the Precipitation retrieval algorithm version 1(ATMP-1)for Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder(ATMS)aboard Suomi NPP satellite.

Using multi-satellite microwave remote sensing observations for retrieval of daily surface soil moisture across China

The objective of this study was to retrieve daily composite soil moisture by jointly using brightness temperature observations from multiple operating satellites for near real-time application with better coverage and higher accuracy.Our approach was to first apply the single-channel brightness radiometric algorithm to estimate soil moisture from the respective brightness temperature observations of the SMAP,SMOS,AMSR2,FY3B,and FY3C satellites on the same day and then produce a daily composite dataset by averaging the individual satellite-retrieved soil moisture.We further evaluated our product,the official soil moisture products of the five satellites,and the ensemble mean (i.e.,arithmetic mean) of the five official satellite soil moisture products against ground observations from two networks in Central Tibet and Anhui Province,China.The results show that our product outperforms the individual released products of the five satellites and their ensemble means in the two validation areas.The root mean square error (RMSE ) values of our product were 0.06 and 0.09 m3/m3 in Central Tibet and Anhui Province,respectively.Relative to the ensemble mean of the five satellite products,our product improves the accuracy by 9.1% and 57.7% in Central Tibet and Anhui Province,respectively.This demonstrates that jointly using brightness temperature observations from multiple satellites to retrieve soil moisture not only improves the spatial coverage of daily observations but also produces better daily composite products.

China Continues Its FY Program

China will continue its FY program by launching FY-2C atop LM-3A launch vehicle probably in October 2004. The geostationary meteorological satellite FY2C will be deployed to replace FY-2B launched on June 25, 2000.

Variability of Sea Ice from 2008 to 2019 in the Bohai and Northern Huanghai Sea, China and the Relationship with Climatic Factors

Sea ice has important effect on the marine ecosystem and people living in the surrounding regions in winter.However,the understanding on changes of sea ice in the Bohai and northern Huanghai Sea(BNHS),China is still limited.Based on the images from Visible and InfraRed Radiometer(VIRR)onboard Chinese second generation polar-orbit meteorological series satellites FY-3A/B/C,the sea ice areas in the BNHS were extracted from December 2008 to March 2019,the spatio-temporal distribution charac-teristics of sea ice and the relationship between sea ice area and climatic factors were analyzed,then a preliminary sea ice forecast model based on the climatic factors was developed.The results showed that sea ice area in the BNHS in each December was relatively small and rather high sea ice occurrence probability appeared in the offshore areas in Liaodong Bay and northern Huanghai Sea.The sea ice area in January or February each year was the largest,and sea ice occurred in most of areas in Liaodong Bay and northern Huanghai Sea with rather high probability and in some areas in Bohai Bay and Laizhou Bay with relatively high probability.How-ever,the sea ice area in each March was the smallest,and sea ice was even melted completely occasionally,hence with relatively low occurrence probability in Liaodong Bay.As for the inter-annual variability of sea ice in the BNHS during the research period,the sea ice area was largest in winter 2010/11 and smallest in winter 2014/15,and annual sea ice area presented a decreasing trend.The at-mospheric temperature,western Pacific subtropical high(WPSH),Asia polar vortex(APV),Asian monsoon circulation(AMC)and Eurasian monsoon circulation(EMC)were very important climatic factors for sea ice formation and they had significant correlations with sea ice area.Therefore,a preliminary sea ice forecast model was constructed by using eight climatic factors including western Pacific subtropical high area index(WPSHAI),western Pacific subtropical high intensity index(WPSHII),western Pacific subtro-pical high northern boundary position index(WPSHNBPI),Asia polar vortex area index(APVAI),Asian zonal circulation index(AZCI),Asian meridional circulation index(AMCI),Eurasian zonal circulation index(EZCI)and mean minimum atmospheric tem-perature(MMAT).The model was confirmed to have a robust forecast effect by using F-test and validated sample data.The results are useful for monitoring sea ice with remote sensed data and forecasting sea ice conditions by climatic indices.