Through field observation and lab analysis, 13 agronomic traits, including plant height and effective branching number per plant, etc., of 207 faba bean （Vicia faba L.） germplasms saved in Crop Middle-term Genebank ...Through field observation and lab analysis, 13 agronomic traits, including plant height and effective branching number per plant, etc., of 207 faba bean （Vicia faba L.） germplasms saved in Crop Middle-term Genebank of Hubei Province were evaluated, moreover, the identification on the disease resistance and the quality was carried out on parts of germplasm resources. The results showed that the faba beangermplasm resources in Hubei Province were abundant, the variation range of agronomic traits like the growth period, plant height and 100-bean weight, etc., was great, and the range of choice was wide. In the aspect of quality, there were 9 germplasms withthe content of crude protein higher than 30%, and the variation range of amylose content in total starch was large, which provided excellent sources of parents for breedinq hi.qh-quality faba bean varieties in Hubei Province.展开更多
Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to maximize fitness, by optimizing the expression of costly defensive traits. Broad bean, Vicia faba L. “Broad Windsor”, produces increased numbers of extrafloral nectaries (EF...Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to maximize fitness, by optimizing the expression of costly defensive traits. Broad bean, Vicia faba L. “Broad Windsor”, produces increased numbers of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in response to leaf damage to attract mutualistic partners and reduce herbivory. It is currently unknown, however, whether EFN induction is cultivar-specific or is a more general phenomenon. It has also not been determined whether broad beans increase nectar secretion rates in conjunction with EFN induction. We hypothesized that: a) as all broad beans have conspicuous EFNs, all cultivars should produce additional EFNs in response to leaf damage, and b) overall nectar secretion rates should increase with EFN numbers, to attract additional mutualists. We tested our hypothesis by subjecting three broad bean cultivars, Vicia faba L. “Broad Windsor”, “Stereo”, and “Witkiem” to mechanical leaf damage. The degree of change in plant traits associated with growth, in addition to EFN induction, was assessed 1 week after leaf damage. Extrafloral nectar volumes were also assessed, every 24 hours, pre- and post-leaf damage. We confirmed our first, but rejected our second, hypothesis. All cultivars produced additional EFNs, but none increased extrafloral nectar volumes, when experiencing leaf damage. Further experimentation is required to determine if energetic tradeoffs limit multiple forms of defense (i.e., EFN vs. nectar induction), or if this alternative strategy is adaptive for attracting and retaining mutualists. Understanding the costs and benefits of EFN vs. nectar induction will provide insight into the evolution of defensive mutualisms between plants and predatory arthropods.展开更多
Faba bean(Vicia faba L.) is a cool season grain legume crop with the potential to be grown as multi-purpose crop in areas with short growing season. Faba bean is grown in many regions in the world due to its high nutr...Faba bean(Vicia faba L.) is a cool season grain legume crop with the potential to be grown as multi-purpose crop in areas with short growing season. Faba bean is grown in many regions in the world due to its high nutritional value, medicinal effect, and effective biological nitrogen fixation. Diverse ecosystem benefits are expected from integrating faba bean in cropping systems. This paper specifically reviews the published work covering agronomic practices, nutritional values, medicinal benefits, and faba bean’s capacity for nitrogen fixation.展开更多
土壤盐渍化是影响蚕豆生长的重要非生物胁迫之一。蚕豆耐盐碱性种质鉴定为挖掘耐盐碱基因和耐盐碱品种选育奠定基础,对利用盐碱地具有重要意义。本研究对155份国内外蚕豆种质全生育期利用基质+混合盐碱(9 g L^(-1) NaCl+Na_(2)CO_(3)+Na...土壤盐渍化是影响蚕豆生长的重要非生物胁迫之一。蚕豆耐盐碱性种质鉴定为挖掘耐盐碱基因和耐盐碱品种选育奠定基础,对利用盐碱地具有重要意义。本研究对155份国内外蚕豆种质全生育期利用基质+混合盐碱(9 g L^(-1) NaCl+Na_(2)CO_(3)+Na_(2)SO_(4),pH 10.5)进行胁迫处理。测定了成苗率、盐害指数、株高、鲜重、干重、叶绿素含量和氮含量7个指标,采用相关性、主成分、隶属函数和系统聚类分析,对各种质的耐盐碱性进行了综合评价和归类,并采用逐步回归分析建立了耐盐碱性预测回归方程。结果表明,(1)筛选出耐盐碱(20≤盐害指数<40)蚕豆种质3份,占1.94%;中耐盐碱(40≤盐害指数<60)种质8份,占5.16%;未发现高耐盐碱(盐害指数<20)蚕豆种质。(2)盐害指数与株高、鲜重、干重、叶绿素含量和氮含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。(3)鲜重、株高、盐害指数、叶绿素含量和成苗率5个指标可以作为蚕豆全生育期耐盐碱鉴定评价指标。(4)155份蚕豆种质可分为2大类群,其中耐盐碱种质类群具有较高的成苗率、生物量、含氮量和叶绿素含量。研究结果可为蚕豆耐盐碱机理研究、耐盐碱基因挖掘和耐盐碱品种的选育提供可靠的材料。展开更多
文摘Through field observation and lab analysis, 13 agronomic traits, including plant height and effective branching number per plant, etc., of 207 faba bean （Vicia faba L.） germplasms saved in Crop Middle-term Genebank of Hubei Province were evaluated, moreover, the identification on the disease resistance and the quality was carried out on parts of germplasm resources. The results showed that the faba beangermplasm resources in Hubei Province were abundant, the variation range of agronomic traits like the growth period, plant height and 100-bean weight, etc., was great, and the range of choice was wide. In the aspect of quality, there were 9 germplasms withthe content of crude protein higher than 30%, and the variation range of amylose content in total starch was large, which provided excellent sources of parents for breedinq hi.qh-quality faba bean varieties in Hubei Province.
文摘Phenotypic plasticity allows organisms to maximize fitness, by optimizing the expression of costly defensive traits. Broad bean, Vicia faba L. “Broad Windsor”, produces increased numbers of extrafloral nectaries (EFNs) in response to leaf damage to attract mutualistic partners and reduce herbivory. It is currently unknown, however, whether EFN induction is cultivar-specific or is a more general phenomenon. It has also not been determined whether broad beans increase nectar secretion rates in conjunction with EFN induction. We hypothesized that: a) as all broad beans have conspicuous EFNs, all cultivars should produce additional EFNs in response to leaf damage, and b) overall nectar secretion rates should increase with EFN numbers, to attract additional mutualists. We tested our hypothesis by subjecting three broad bean cultivars, Vicia faba L. “Broad Windsor”, “Stereo”, and “Witkiem” to mechanical leaf damage. The degree of change in plant traits associated with growth, in addition to EFN induction, was assessed 1 week after leaf damage. Extrafloral nectar volumes were also assessed, every 24 hours, pre- and post-leaf damage. We confirmed our first, but rejected our second, hypothesis. All cultivars produced additional EFNs, but none increased extrafloral nectar volumes, when experiencing leaf damage. Further experimentation is required to determine if energetic tradeoffs limit multiple forms of defense (i.e., EFN vs. nectar induction), or if this alternative strategy is adaptive for attracting and retaining mutualists. Understanding the costs and benefits of EFN vs. nectar induction will provide insight into the evolution of defensive mutualisms between plants and predatory arthropods.
基金funded by the University of Massachusetts Amherst Agricultural Experiment Station and Northeast Sustainable Agriculture and Research Education (SARE) (GNE14-078)
文摘Faba bean(Vicia faba L.) is a cool season grain legume crop with the potential to be grown as multi-purpose crop in areas with short growing season. Faba bean is grown in many regions in the world due to its high nutritional value, medicinal effect, and effective biological nitrogen fixation. Diverse ecosystem benefits are expected from integrating faba bean in cropping systems. This paper specifically reviews the published work covering agronomic practices, nutritional values, medicinal benefits, and faba bean’s capacity for nitrogen fixation.
文摘土壤盐渍化是影响蚕豆生长的重要非生物胁迫之一。蚕豆耐盐碱性种质鉴定为挖掘耐盐碱基因和耐盐碱品种选育奠定基础,对利用盐碱地具有重要意义。本研究对155份国内外蚕豆种质全生育期利用基质+混合盐碱(9 g L^(-1) NaCl+Na_(2)CO_(3)+Na_(2)SO_(4),pH 10.5)进行胁迫处理。测定了成苗率、盐害指数、株高、鲜重、干重、叶绿素含量和氮含量7个指标,采用相关性、主成分、隶属函数和系统聚类分析,对各种质的耐盐碱性进行了综合评价和归类,并采用逐步回归分析建立了耐盐碱性预测回归方程。结果表明,(1)筛选出耐盐碱(20≤盐害指数<40)蚕豆种质3份,占1.94%;中耐盐碱(40≤盐害指数<60)种质8份,占5.16%;未发现高耐盐碱(盐害指数<20)蚕豆种质。(2)盐害指数与株高、鲜重、干重、叶绿素含量和氮含量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01)。(3)鲜重、株高、盐害指数、叶绿素含量和成苗率5个指标可以作为蚕豆全生育期耐盐碱鉴定评价指标。(4)155份蚕豆种质可分为2大类群,其中耐盐碱种质类群具有较高的成苗率、生物量、含氮量和叶绿素含量。研究结果可为蚕豆耐盐碱机理研究、耐盐碱基因挖掘和耐盐碱品种的选育提供可靠的材料。
