Ultrasonic sensitivity-improved fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer using a beam collimator and its application for ultrasonic imaging of seismic physical models

An ultrasonic sensitivity-improved fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer （FPI） is proposed and employed for ultra- sonic imaging of seismic physical models （SPMs）. The FPI comprises a flexible ultra-thin gold film and the end face of a graded-index multimode fiber （MMF）, both of which are enclosed in a ceramic tube. The MMF in a specified length can collimate the diverged light beam and compensate for the light loss inside the air cavity, leading to an increased spectral fringe visibility and thus a steeper spectral slope. By using the spectral sideband filtering technique, the collimated FP1 shows an improved ultrasonic response. Moreover, two-dimensional images of two SPMs are achieved in air by recon- structing the pulse-echo signals through using the time-of-flight approach. The proposed sensor with easy fabrication and compact size can be a good candidate for high-sensitivity and high-precision nondestructive testing of SPMs.

Utilization of Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometers with Spectral Interferometric Interrogation for Microdisplacement Measurement

The paper presents a number of signal processing approaches for the spectral interferometric interrogation of extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometers(EFPIs). The analysis of attainable microdisplacement resolution is performed and the analytical equations describing the dependence of resolution on parameters of the interrogation setup are derived. The efficiency of the proposed signal processing approaches and the validity of analytical derivations are supported by experiments. The proposed approaches allow the interrogation of up to four multiplexed sensors with attained resolution between 30 pm and 80 pm, up to three times improvement of microdisplacement resolution of a single sensor by means of using the reference interferometer and noisecompensating approach, and ability to register signals with frequencies up to 1 kHz in the case of 1 Hz spectrum acquisition rate. The proposed approaches can be used for various applications, including biomedical, industrial inspection, and others, amongst the microdisplacement measurement.

Coulomb-Dominated Oscillations in Fabry-Perot Quantum Hall Interferometers

Periodic resistance oscillations in Fabry-Perot quantum Hall interferometers are observed at integer filling factors of the constrictions, fc=1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. Rather than the Aharonov-Bohm interference, these oscillations are attributed to the Coulomb interactions between interfering edge states and localized states in the central island of an interferometer, as confirmed by the observation of a positive slope for the lines of constant oscillation phase in the image plot of resistance in the 13 Vs plane. Similar resistance oscillations are also observed when the area A of the center regime and the backseattering probability of interfering edge states are varied, by changing the side-gate voltages and the configuration of the quantum point contacts, respectively. The oscillation amplitudes decay exponentially with temperature in the ramge of 40mK〈 T ≤ 130 mK, with a characteristic temperature T0 -25 mK, consistent with recent theoretical and experimental works.

Surface Plasmon Interference Lithography Assisted by a Fabry-Perot Cavity Composed of Subwavelength Metal Grating and Thin Metal Film

A surface plasmon interference lithography assisted by a Fabry-Perot （F-P） cavity composed of subwavelength metal gratings and a thin metal fihn is proposed to fabricate high-quality nanopatterns. The calculated results indicate that uniform straight interference fringes with high contrast and high electric-field intensity are formed in the resist under the F-P cavity. The analyses of spatial frequency spectra illuminate the physical mechanism of the formation for the interference fringes. The influence of the F-P cavity spacing is discussed in detail. Moreover, the error analyses reveal that all parameters except the metal grating period in this scheme can bear large tolerances for the device fabrication.

An Ultraviolet Fiber Fabry-Perot Cavity for Florescence Collection of Trapped Ions

We demonstrate a fiber Fabry-Pérot cavity in the ultraviolet range, which covers the florescence wavelength for the 2P to 2S transition of Yb and is designed in the bad cavity limit for florescence collection. Benefiting from both the small cavity mode volume and the large atom dipole, a cavity with moderate finesse and high transmission still supports a good cooperativity, which is made and tested in experiment. Based on the measured experimental parameters, simulation performed on the cavity and ion shows a Purcell factor better than 2.5 and a single-mode fiber collection efficiency over 10%. This technology can support ultra-bright single photon sources based on trapped ions and can provide the possibility to link remote atoms as a quantum network.

Improved Directivity of an OAM Antenna by a Fabry-Perot Cavity: An Experimental Study

The circular phased antenna array is commonly used for generating waves bearing Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) in the radio frequency band, but it achieves a relatively low directivity. To overcome this drawback, we present here a method to improve the directivity of an OAM circular phased antenna array by embedding it inside a Fabry-Perot cavity. The Fabry-Perot cavity contains three main parts: a partially reflecting surface (PRS), an air cavity and a ground plane. Simulation data show that the directivity of this new OAM antenna achieves an improvement of 8.2 dB over the original array. A prototype is realized and characterized. The simulated and measured characteristics are in good agreement.

激光锁定Fabry-Perot干涉仪精密测量电容

为了实现pF量级小电容的精密测量,建立了基于激光锁定Fabry-Perot干涉仪的精密电容测量系统。对该系统所采用的计算电容原理、激光锁定干涉仪方法及其整数级次确定方法进行了研究。首先,根据Lampard和Thompson电学基本原理介绍了Fabry-Perot干涉仪的结构与工作方式,采用一种锁定干涉仪测量位移的方法。其次,介绍了Fabry-Perot干涉仪的光路设计,详细分析了干涉仪锁定控制系统的工作状态以及锁定状态下干涉仪腔长的抖动情况。通过分析利用电容值确定干涉仪整数级次变化的可行性,提出了基于1 pF标准电容器确定Fabry-Perot干涉仪整数级次的实验过程。最后,介绍了Fabry-Perot锁定干涉仪的台阶式位移过程以及利用该套系统测量电容的重复性。实验结果表明:Fabry-Perot干涉仪在锁定状态下,腔长抖动峰峰值为0.4 nm,测量1 pF标准电容器重复性达到5.0×10^(-9)。

用球面共焦Fabry-Perot干涉仪测量微振动

介绍一种光学非接触测量超微振动的方法 ,利用球面共焦 Fabry- Perot干涉仪设计了微振动测量系统 .与传统的测量方法相比 ,该系统具有非接触、高灵敏度、高频响、高空间分辨率等特点 ,便于实现连续、快速、自动化检测 ;根据实验要求 ,设计了腔长 0 .5 m、带宽5 .9MHz的 Fabry- Perot干涉仪 ,并组成测量系统 ;通过实验 ,检测出 5 MHz脉冲压电换能器产生的微振动波形 ;为了克服环境噪声对测量系统的影响 ,采用自动稳腔长的方法 。

光纤法布里-珀罗(Fabry-Perot)干涉腔在传感器中的应用

综述了Ｆａｂｒｙ－Ｐｅｒｏｔ干涉仪在各种光纤传感器（如位移、应变、压力等传感器）中的应用。重点介绍这些传感器的结构、工作原理及最新研究成果。

Integrated Fabry–Perot interferometer based on Er/Yb co-doped fiber for all-optical phase modulation

Fast and stable phase control is essential for many applications in optics. Here, we propose an all-fiber all-optical phase modulation scheme based on a Fabry–Perot interferometer(FPI) and an Er/Yb co-doped fiber(EYDF). By using the EYDF as an F-P cavity via rational design, a phase shift with a modulation sensitivity of 0.0312π/mW is introduced to the modulator.The phase shifts in the EYDF consist of a thermal phase shift and a nonlinear phase shift with a ratio of 19:1, and the corresponding temporal responses of the modulation are 204 ms and 2.5 ms, respectively. In addition, the compact FPI is encapsulated to provide excellent stability for the modulator.

Fiber Fabry-Perot Demodulation System Based on Dual Fizeau Interferometers

In this study,we present a dual-Fizeau-interferometer-based high-speed and wide-range fiber-optic Fabry-Perot(F-P)demodulation system.We employ two Fizeau interferometers with air cavity thickness satisfying the quadrature requirement to increase the demodulation speed and broaden the demodulation range in order to address the issues of the existing fiber F-P demodulation system's sluggish demodulation rate and limited range.In order to investigate the demodulation properties of the dual-Fizeau-interferometer-based demodulation system,we derive and create a theoretical model of the system.The theoretical model,which primarily consists of the structural design of the interferometer and the study of the center wavelength of the light sources and their bandwidth selection,is used to construct the optical structure of the demodulation system.According to the calculation results,the demodulated signal exhibits the best contrast ratio when the two light sources'respective center wavelengths are 780nm and 850nm,and their bandwidths are 28nm and 30 nm.Finally,we finish evaluating the demodulation system's demodulation performance,parameter calibration,and assembly debugging.The test results demonstrate the constant operation of the demodulation system,an update rate of 100kHz,a demodulation range of 4.74μm,and a cavity length resolution of approximately 5 nm.Additionally,the system can perform high speed demodulation thanks to the light emitting diode's(LED's)nanosecond level switching speed and the usage of a single point detector.

Low insertion loss silicon-based spatial light modulator with high reflective materials outside Fabry–Perot cavity

The extinction ratio and insertion loss of spatial light modulator are subject to the material problem, thus limiting its applications. One reflection-type silicon-based spatial light modulator with high reflective materials outside the Fabry-Perot cavity is demonstrated in this paper. The reflectivity values of the outside-cavity materials with different film layer numbers are simulated. The reflectivity values of 6-pair Ta2O5/SiO2 films at 1550 nm are experimentally verified to be as high as 99.9%. The surfaces of 6-pair Ta2O5/SiO2 films are smooth: their root-mean-square roughness values are as small as 0.53 nm. The insertion loss of the device at 1550 nm is only 1.2 dB. The high extinction ratio of the device at 1550 nm and 11 V is achieved to be 29.7 dB. The spatial light modulator has a high extinction ratio and low insertion loss for applications.

Asymmetrical Fabry-Perot cavity slot micro-ring resonator and its sensing characteristics

To achieve high quality factor and high-sensitivity refractive index sensor,a slot micro-ring resonator(MRR)based on asymmetric Fabry-Perot(FP)cavity was proposed.The structure consisted of a pair of elliptical holes to form an FP cavity and a microring resonator.The two different optical modes generated by the micro-ring resonator were destructively interfered to form a Fano line shape,which improved the system sensitivity while obtaining a higher quality factor and extinction ratio.The transmission principle of the structure was analyzed by the transfer matrix method.The transmission spectrum and mode field distribution of the proposed structure were simulated by the finite difference time domain(FDTD)method,and the key structural parameters affecting the Fano line shape in the device were optimized.The simulation results show that the quality factor of the device reached 22037.1,and the extinction ratio was 23.9 dB.By analyzing the refractive index sensing characteristics,the sensitivity of the structure was 354 nm·RIU−1,and the detection limit of the sensitivity was 2×10−4 RIU.Thus,the proposed compact asymmetric FP cavity slot micro-ring resonator has obvious advantages in sensing applications owing to its excellent performance.

Birefringence Optical Feedback with a Folded Cavity in HeNe Laser

The birefringence optical feedback with a folded cavity in HeNe laser is investigated.A theory model based on the equivalent cavity of the Fabry–Perot interferometer is presented.The phase difference between the two intensities in birefringence feedback is twice the retardation of the wave plate.The phase difference is invariable when the length of the feedback cavity changes.With the adoption of a cube corner prism(CCP)to form a folded cavity,the fringe frequency is doubled,and the resolution of the displacement sensor based on birefringence optical feedback with a folded cavity is improved.A resistance chain of 5-fold subdivision and 4-fold logic subdivision is used as further subdivision.The resolution ofλ/80 is obtained eventually;for 632.8 nm HeNe laser it is 7.91 nm.The displacement sensor based on birefringence optical feedback with a folded cavity is simple and of high resolution,large measurement range,low cost,and is of great application potential in industry.

Application of Wavelet Transform in Dual-differential Optical Fiber F-P Interferometric Micro-displacement Measurement System

Based on dual-differential comparing principle, an experimental system of optical fiber F-P interferometric micro-displacement measurement is introduced. It is capable of achieving the absolute displacement measurement, and wavelet transforms is adopted as theory fundament to extract the optical F-P interferometric characteristic signal and remove the noise, so its resolution can reach 0. 01 μm in the dynamic range of 0～ 1 mm.

Fabry-Perot光纤位移传感器的工作原理与仿真

本文分析了一种商用白光干涉光纤位移传感器的结构和工作原理,并且在 Matlab 环境下对传感器和读数器的光信号处理过程进行了仿真,得到了传感器位移与读数器中 Fizeau 干涉仪光强分布之间的关系,并讨论了传感器信号解调的基本算法。最后展望了这种传感器在航空工业中的应用前景。

基于开腔式马赫-曾德尔光纤干涉仪的高灵敏溶液浓度传感器

溶液浓度是表征溶液特性的关键参数之一,当监测和控制溶液浓度特性时,需要实时分析监测某些溶液的浓度。光纤传感器由于具有灵敏度高、结构小巧紧凑、响应速度快、抗电磁干扰及远距离实时检测等优点,广泛用于各种物理、化学以及生物测量传感。为了实现高灵敏的溶液浓度测量,通过大错位熔接技术将三段单模光纤制备成开腔式马赫-曾德尔(Mach-Zehndel,M-Z)光纤干涉仪,通过监测干涉条纹某一损耗峰的波长漂移,实现了溶液溶度高灵敏度的检测。实验结果表明,该开腔式光纤干涉型溶液浓度传感器结构小巧、可重复性高、灵敏度高,灵敏度为-25.27 nm/%。

光纤压力传感器测量的最小偏差腔长解调算法

在光纤传感技术领域应用基于法珀腔(外腔式法布里-珀罗干涉腔)结构的光纤压力传感器进行气体压力测量时,由于传感器结构决定了腔长动态范围相对较小,需要高分辨率的腔长测量方法。因此针对基于法珀腔结构的光纤压力传感器进行绝对腔长解调算法研究,提出一种高精度最小偏差腔长解调算法,通过将法珀腔光纤压力传感器密封在压力标准源中,对等间隔压力变化产生的不同腔长进行实时解调,实现了气体压力的实时测量。实验结果表明,法珀腔光纤压力传感器腔长值随压差变化呈现出良好的线性关系和重复性,腔长测量的重复性为±1 nm,精度为0.1496%,压力测量的重复性为0.12%,压力测量的精度优于0.5%。

Pressure Sensor Based on the Fiber-Optic Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Interferometer

Pressure sensors based on fiber-optic extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer(EFPI)have been extensively applied in various industrial and biomedical fields.In this paper,some key improvements of EFPI-based pressure sensors such as the controlled thermal bonding technique,diaphragm-based EFPI sensors,and white light interference technology have been reviewed.Recent progress on signal demodulation method and applications of EFPI-based pressure sensors has been introduced.Signal demodulation algorithms based on the cross correlation and mean square error(MSE)estimation have been proposed for retrieving the cavity length of EFPI.Absolute measurement with a resolution of 0.08 nm over large dynamic range has been carried out.For downhole monitoring,an EFPI and a fiber Bragg grating(FBG)cascade multiplexing fiber-optic sensor system has been developed,which can operate in temperature 300℃with a good long-term stability and extremely low temperature cross-sensitivity.Diaphragm-based EFPI pressure sensors have been successfully used for low pressure and acoustic wave detection.Experimental results show that a sensitivity of 31 mV/Pa in the frequency range of 100 Hz to 12.7 kHz for aeroacoustic wave detection has been obtained.

Generation of millimeter-wave sub-carrier optical pulse by using a Fabry-Perot interferometer

A novel scheme is proposed to transform a Gaussian optical pulse to a millimeter-wave （mm-wave） frequency modulation pulse by using a Fabry-Perot interferometer （FPI） for radio-over-fiber （ROF） system. It is shown that modulation frequency of mm-wave is determined by the optical path of the Fabry-Perot （F-P） cavity, and amplitude decay time and energy transfer efficiency axe related to the reflectivity of the F-P cavity mirror. The effect of pulse train extension on inter-symbol interference is also discussed.