Substantially glazed facades are extensively used in contemporary high-rise buildings to achieve attractive architectural aesthetics.Inherent conflicts exist among architectural aesthetics,building energy consumption,...Substantially glazed facades are extensively used in contemporary high-rise buildings to achieve attractive architectural aesthetics.Inherent conflicts exist among architectural aesthetics,building energy consumption,and solar energy harvesting for glazed facades.In this study,we addressed these conflicts by introducing a new dynamic and vertical photovoltaic integrated building envelope(dvPVBE)that offers extraordinary flexibility with weather-responsive slat angles and blind positions,superior architectural aesthetics,and notable energy-saving potential.Three hierarchical control strategies were proposed for different scenarios of the dvPVBE:power generation priority(PGP),natural daylight priority(NDP),and energy-saving priority(ESP).Moreover,the PGP and ESP strategies were further analyzed in the simulation of a dvPVBE.An office room integrated with a dvPVBE was modeled using EnergyPlus.The influence of the dvPVBE in improving the building energy efficiency and corresponding optimal slat angles was investigated under the PGP and ESP control strategies.The results indicate that the application of dvPVBEs in Beijing can provide up to 131%of the annual energy demand of office rooms and significantly increase the annual net energy output by at least 226%compared with static photovoltaic(PV)blinds.The concept of this novel dvPVBE offers a viable approach by which the thermal load,daylight penetration,and energy generation can be effectively regulated.展开更多
The relentless progress in the research of geographic spatial data models and their application scenarios is propelling an unprecedented rich Level of Detail(LoD)in realistic 3D representation and smart cities.This pu...The relentless progress in the research of geographic spatial data models and their application scenarios is propelling an unprecedented rich Level of Detail(LoD)in realistic 3D representation and smart cities.This pursuit of rich details not only adds complexity to entity models but also poses significant computational challenges for model visualization and 3D GIS.This paper introduces a novel method for deriving multi-LOD models,which can enhance the efficiency of spatial computing in complex 3D building models.Firstly,we extract multiple facades from a 3D building model(LoD3)and convert them into individual semantic facade models.Through the utilization of the developed facade layout graph,each semantic facade model is then transformed into a parametric model.Furthermore,we explore the specification of geometric and semantic details in building facades and define three different LODs for facades,offering a unique expression.Finally,an innovative heuristic method is introduced to simplify the parameterized facade.Through rigorous experimentation and evaluation,the effectiveness of the proposed parameterization methodology in capturing complex geometric details,semantic richness,and topological relationships of 3D building models is demonstrated.展开更多
To address the current issues of inaccurate segmentation and the limited applicability of segmentation methods for building facades in point clouds, we propose a facade segmentation algorithm based on optimal dual-sca...To address the current issues of inaccurate segmentation and the limited applicability of segmentation methods for building facades in point clouds, we propose a facade segmentation algorithm based on optimal dual-scale feature descriptors. First, we select the optimal dual-scale descriptors from a range of feature descriptors. Next, we segment the facade according to the threshold value of the chosen optimal dual-scale descriptors. Finally, we use RANSAC (Random Sample Consensus) to fit the segmented surface and optimize the fitting result. Experimental results show that, compared to commonly used facade segmentation algorithms, the proposed method yields more accurate segmentation results, providing a robust data foundation for subsequent 3D model reconstruction of buildings.展开更多
Mitigation of urban air pollution has been constrained by the availability of urban spaces for greening.Green walls offer the prospect of greening spaces and surfaces without requiring large areas.Green walls can larg...Mitigation of urban air pollution has been constrained by the availability of urban spaces for greening.Green walls offer the prospect of greening spaces and surfaces without requiring large areas.Green walls can largely be divided into green facades where the aboveground parts of plants rooted in soil and pots grow directly on,and living walls holding bags,planter tiles,trays and vessels containing substrates in which plants are grown.Green facades and living walls can be continuous or modular with repeating units that can be assembled for extension.This review aims to present the effectiveness of green walls in removing different types of air pollutants in indoor and outdoor environments.It examined more than 45 peer-reviewed recently published scholarly articles to achieve the aim.It highlights that most of the studies on green walls focus on particulate matter removal and green walls could effectively remove particulate matter though the effectiveness varies with plant types,air humidity,rainfall and its intensity,leaf area index and contact angle,green wall surface coverage ratio,as well as the height of green walls.Increasing the height of green walls and optimizing their distance from roadsides could promote the deposition of particulate matter.Washing off could regenerate plant surfaces for capturing pollutants.Green walls are also effective in removing NO2,O3,SO2 and CO.Indoor active living walls,when properly designed,could have air purifying performance comparable to a HVAC system.The performance of green walls could be optimized through polycultures,selection of plants,surface coverage and height,and air inflow.展开更多
An experimental study of the thermal characteristics of an existing office building with double skin facade DSF were conducted in hot summer daytime in Nanjing China. The temperature distributions of the DSF and indoo...An experimental study of the thermal characteristics of an existing office building with double skin facade DSF were conducted in hot summer daytime in Nanjing China. The temperature distributions of the DSF and indoor environment were measured at different control modes of DSF.The results show that the energy consumption of the air conditioning system in room B with opened exterior vents a closed interior facade and an air cavity with shading was 21.0% less than that in room A with closed exterior vents a closed interior facade and air cavity without shading in 9.5 h. The temperature distributions of the DSF and indoor environment in both horizontal and vertical directions were decisively influenced by shading conditions. The usage of shading devices strengthens the stack effect on the air cavity. Compared to room A the temperature distribution in room B is more uniform with smaller fluctuations.Meanwhile the problem of overheating in the air cavity of the DSF is still present in all tested conditions.展开更多
传统的MVC模式在表示层和业务逻辑层存在大量的数据交换,降低了系统的效率,讨论了在软件开发过程中具体存在的问题,分析了Session Fa ade和Business Delegate两种设计模式的特点,提出将这2种模式和MVC模式结合,形成完善的J2EE开发模式....传统的MVC模式在表示层和业务逻辑层存在大量的数据交换,降低了系统的效率,讨论了在软件开发过程中具体存在的问题,分析了Session Fa ade和Business Delegate两种设计模式的特点,提出将这2种模式和MVC模式结合,形成完善的J2EE开发模式.同时,对J2EE架构中的数据持久层进行分析和改进,提出用DAO类和DAO-Factory类实现数据持久层的方法,形成更完善的J2EE体系结构.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52078269 and 52325801).
文摘Substantially glazed facades are extensively used in contemporary high-rise buildings to achieve attractive architectural aesthetics.Inherent conflicts exist among architectural aesthetics,building energy consumption,and solar energy harvesting for glazed facades.In this study,we addressed these conflicts by introducing a new dynamic and vertical photovoltaic integrated building envelope(dvPVBE)that offers extraordinary flexibility with weather-responsive slat angles and blind positions,superior architectural aesthetics,and notable energy-saving potential.Three hierarchical control strategies were proposed for different scenarios of the dvPVBE:power generation priority(PGP),natural daylight priority(NDP),and energy-saving priority(ESP).Moreover,the PGP and ESP strategies were further analyzed in the simulation of a dvPVBE.An office room integrated with a dvPVBE was modeled using EnergyPlus.The influence of the dvPVBE in improving the building energy efficiency and corresponding optimal slat angles was investigated under the PGP and ESP control strategies.The results indicate that the application of dvPVBEs in Beijing can provide up to 131%of the annual energy demand of office rooms and significantly increase the annual net energy output by at least 226%compared with static photovoltaic(PV)blinds.The concept of this novel dvPVBE offers a viable approach by which the thermal load,daylight penetration,and energy generation can be effectively regulated.
基金National Natural Science of China(No.42201463)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(No.2023GXNSFBA026350)+1 种基金Special Fund of Guangxi Science and Technology Base and Talent(Nos.Guike AD22035158,Guike AD23026167)Guangxi Young and Middle-aged Teachers’Basic Scientific Research Ability Improvement Project(No.2023KY0056).
文摘The relentless progress in the research of geographic spatial data models and their application scenarios is propelling an unprecedented rich Level of Detail(LoD)in realistic 3D representation and smart cities.This pursuit of rich details not only adds complexity to entity models but also poses significant computational challenges for model visualization and 3D GIS.This paper introduces a novel method for deriving multi-LOD models,which can enhance the efficiency of spatial computing in complex 3D building models.Firstly,we extract multiple facades from a 3D building model(LoD3)and convert them into individual semantic facade models.Through the utilization of the developed facade layout graph,each semantic facade model is then transformed into a parametric model.Furthermore,we explore the specification of geometric and semantic details in building facades and define three different LODs for facades,offering a unique expression.Finally,an innovative heuristic method is introduced to simplify the parameterized facade.Through rigorous experimentation and evaluation,the effectiveness of the proposed parameterization methodology in capturing complex geometric details,semantic richness,and topological relationships of 3D building models is demonstrated.
文摘To address the current issues of inaccurate segmentation and the limited applicability of segmentation methods for building facades in point clouds, we propose a facade segmentation algorithm based on optimal dual-scale feature descriptors. First, we select the optimal dual-scale descriptors from a range of feature descriptors. Next, we segment the facade according to the threshold value of the chosen optimal dual-scale descriptors. Finally, we use RANSAC (Random Sample Consensus) to fit the segmented surface and optimize the fitting result. Experimental results show that, compared to commonly used facade segmentation algorithms, the proposed method yields more accurate segmentation results, providing a robust data foundation for subsequent 3D model reconstruction of buildings.
文摘Mitigation of urban air pollution has been constrained by the availability of urban spaces for greening.Green walls offer the prospect of greening spaces and surfaces without requiring large areas.Green walls can largely be divided into green facades where the aboveground parts of plants rooted in soil and pots grow directly on,and living walls holding bags,planter tiles,trays and vessels containing substrates in which plants are grown.Green facades and living walls can be continuous or modular with repeating units that can be assembled for extension.This review aims to present the effectiveness of green walls in removing different types of air pollutants in indoor and outdoor environments.It examined more than 45 peer-reviewed recently published scholarly articles to achieve the aim.It highlights that most of the studies on green walls focus on particulate matter removal and green walls could effectively remove particulate matter though the effectiveness varies with plant types,air humidity,rainfall and its intensity,leaf area index and contact angle,green wall surface coverage ratio,as well as the height of green walls.Increasing the height of green walls and optimizing their distance from roadsides could promote the deposition of particulate matter.Washing off could regenerate plant surfaces for capturing pollutants.Green walls are also effective in removing NO2,O3,SO2 and CO.Indoor active living walls,when properly designed,could have air purifying performance comparable to a HVAC system.The performance of green walls could be optimized through polycultures,selection of plants,surface coverage and height,and air inflow.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51308295,51206080)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2013M531368)
文摘An experimental study of the thermal characteristics of an existing office building with double skin facade DSF were conducted in hot summer daytime in Nanjing China. The temperature distributions of the DSF and indoor environment were measured at different control modes of DSF.The results show that the energy consumption of the air conditioning system in room B with opened exterior vents a closed interior facade and an air cavity with shading was 21.0% less than that in room A with closed exterior vents a closed interior facade and air cavity without shading in 9.5 h. The temperature distributions of the DSF and indoor environment in both horizontal and vertical directions were decisively influenced by shading conditions. The usage of shading devices strengthens the stack effect on the air cavity. Compared to room A the temperature distribution in room B is more uniform with smaller fluctuations.Meanwhile the problem of overheating in the air cavity of the DSF is still present in all tested conditions.
文摘传统的MVC模式在表示层和业务逻辑层存在大量的数据交换,降低了系统的效率,讨论了在软件开发过程中具体存在的问题,分析了Session Fa ade和Business Delegate两种设计模式的特点,提出将这2种模式和MVC模式结合,形成完善的J2EE开发模式.同时,对J2EE架构中的数据持久层进行分析和改进,提出用DAO类和DAO-Factory类实现数据持久层的方法,形成更完善的J2EE体系结构.
