Effect of Main Cultivation Factors on Oil Quality and Stability of Brassica napus Hybrids

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the influence of five cultivation factors： sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount, phosphate fertilizer amount and potash fertilizer amount on oil quality and stability of Brassica napus hybrids. [Method] Statistical analysis was carried out based on the data from previous studies and our work. [Result] Sowing date had no significant influence on oil quality and stability of B. napus hybrids. The plant density shared a positive correlation with 18-C fatty acid （FA） content, unsaturated fatty acid （UFA） content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, index of unsaturated fatty acid （IUFA）, so a large plant density can improve the oil quality （by increasing18-C FA content, UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid）, but reduce the oil stability （by increasing IUFA）. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant influence on the contents of 18-C FA and UFA, but significant positive correlations with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid and IUFA. So, the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid can be reduced by increasing nitrogen amount, meanwhile the oil stability was also decreased. Phosphate fertilizer amount did not affect 18-C FA significantly, but was negatively correlated with the UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and IUFA. So, increasing the amount of applied phosphate fertilizer can reduce UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, thereby improving oil stability. Potash fertilizer had no significant influence on the IUFA, a significant positive correlation with 18-C FA content, an insignificant positive correlation with the the UFA content, and a negative correlation with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid. The oil content of rapeseed shared an extremely significant positive correlation with 18-C FA content and UFA content, an negative correlation with the total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and no significant correlation with IUFA. [Conclusion] This study identified the effects of five main cultivation factors on oil quality and stability of B. napus hybrids, and the correlations of oil content with 18-C FA content, UFA content, total content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid, and IUFA.

Stability behavior of the Lanxi ancient flood control levee after reinforcement with upside-down hanging wells and grouting curtain

The stability of the ancient flood control levees is mainly influenced by water level fluctuations, groundwater concentration and rainfalls. This paper takes the Lanxi ancient levee as a research object to study the evolution laws of its seepage, displacement and stability before and after reinforcement with the upside-down hanging wells and grouting curtain through numerical simulation methods combined with experiments and observations. The study results indicate that the filled soil is less affected by water level fluctuations and groundwater concentration after reinforcement. A high groundwater level is detrimental to the levee's long-term stability, and the drainage issues need to be fully considered. The deformation of the reinforced levee is effectively controlled since the fill deformation is mainly borne by the upside-down hanging wells. The safety factors of the levee before reinforcement vary significantly with the water level. The minimum value of the safety factors is 0.886 during the water level decreasing period, indicating a very high risk of the instability. While it reached 1.478 after reinforcement, the stability of the ancient levee is improved by a large margin.

Limit equilibrium method(LEM) of slope stability and calculation of comprehensive factor of safety with double strength-reduction technique

When the slope is in critical limit equilibrium(LE) state, the strength parameters have different contribution to each other on maintaining slope stability. That is to say that the strength parameters are not simultaneously reduced. Hence, the LE stress method is established to analyze the slope stability by employing the double strengthreduction(DSR) technique in this work. For calculation model of slope stability under the DSR technique, the general nonlinear Mohr–Coulomb(M–C) criterion is used to describe the shear failure of slope. Meanwhile, the average and polar diameter methods via the DSR technique are both adopted to calculate the comprehensive factor of safety(FOS) of slope. To extend the application of the polar diameter method, the original method is improved in the proposed method. After comparison and analysis on some slope examples, the proposed method's feasibility is verified. Thereafter, the stability charts of slope suitable for engineering application are drawn. Moreover, the studies show that:(1) the average method yields similar results as that of the polardiameter method;(2) compared with the traditional uniform strength-reduction(USR) technique, the slope stability obtained using the DSR techniquetends to be more unsafe; and(3) for a slope in the critical LE state, the strength parameter φ, i.e., internal friction angle, has greater contribution on the slope stability than the strength parameters c, i.e., cohesion.

Solution of the Nucleon Structure Problem from a Field Theory of Fermions and Bosons and the Origin of the Proton Stability

A bound state formalism derived from a fermion-boson symmetric Lagrangian has been used to calculate the nucleon masses, the charge neutrality of the neutron, the magnetic moments and the electromagnetic form factor ratios μpGEp/GMpand μnGEn/GMn. A quantitative description is obtained, assuming a mixing of a scalar bound state of 3(f f¯)fstructure with its corresponding vector (f f¯)fstate (f indicating massless elementary fermions). Only a few parameters are needed, mainly fixed by energy and momentum conservation. The nucleon stability is explained by an extra binding in the confinement potential, negative for electric and positive for magnetic binding of the proton, and opposite for the neutron. The stronger electric extra binding of the proton allows a decay of the neutron to proton and electron.

Three-dimensional stability of landslides based on local safety factor

Unlike the limit equilibrium method(LEM), with which only the global safety factor of the landslide can be calculated, a local safety factor(LSF) method is proposed to evaluate the stability of different sections of a landslide in this paper. Based on three-dimensional(3D) numerical simulation results, the local safety factor is defined as the ratio of the shear strength of the soil at an element on the slip zone to the shear stress parallel to the sliding direction at that element. The global safety factor of the landslide is defined as the weighted average of all local safety factors based on the area of the slip surface. Some example analyses show that the results computed by the LSF method agree well with those calculated by the General Limit Equilibrium(GLE) method in two-dimensional(2D) models and the distribution of the LSF in the 3D slip zone is consistent with that indicated by the observed deformation pattern of an actual landslide in China.

Stability influence factors analysis and construction of a deep beam anchorage structure in roadway roof

Deep beam anchorage structures based on spatial distribution analysis of the cable prestressed field have been proposed for roadway roof support, Stability and other factors that influence deep beam structures are studied in this paper using mechanical calculations, numerical analysis and field measurements, A mechanical model of deep beam structure subjected to multiple loading is established, including analysis of roof support in the return airway of S1203 working face in the Yuwu coal mine, China, The expression of maximum shear stress in the deep beam structure is deduced according to the stress superposition criterion, It is found that the primary factors affecting deep beam structure stability are deep beam thickness, cable pre-tension and cable spacing, The variation of maximum shear stress distribution and prestressed field diffusion effects according to various factors are analyzed using Matlah and FLAC3DTM software, and practical support parameters of the S1203 return airway roof are determined, According to the observations of rock pressure, there is no evidence of roof separation, and the maximum values of roof subsidence and convergence of wall rock are 72 and 48 mm, respectively, The results show that the proposed roof support design with a deep beam structure is feasible and achieves effective control of the roadway roof,

Analysis on Stability Factors of Grain Price in China

To make grain price stable is an important goal for the Chinese government. The paper compared the grain supply elasticity and demand elasticity to determine the grain price stability in China; used ＂k value＂ method to analyze the grain price fluctuation from 1985 to 2010; divided the grain price volatility into three stages; and analyzed the factors in each phase. On the base, it put forward some countermeasures to guarantee the stability of the grain price.

The stability safety factor calibration based on the reliability index

When the bridge structure stability safety factor of the first type is 4, the research that whether the structure reliability index will reach target reliability index under the more-likely-to-happen collapse situation of the second type is necessary. The stability calculations of the first and the second type are made respectively for single layer and single span rigid frame bridge. Based on the critical load obtained from the stability calculation of the first type, the stability safety factor of the first type is taken as 4, and the first order reliability method is used to program and calculate the reliability index. Then, the load effect under the stability reliability index cal- culation of the first type and the critical load of the second type are employed to calculate the reliability index of the second type. The evaluation of structure stability safety factor is discussed according to reliability index. Based on the discussion above, parameter analysis of the stable critical loads of two types is made, and the in- fluence of critical load change on reliability index is researched. The result shows that stability analysis should identify collapse state; when the stability safety factor of the first type is 4, but the structure has the collapse of the second type, the reliability index cannot be ensured to reach the target reliability index under certain condi- tions.

iPSC lines that do not silence the expression of the ectopic reprogramming factors may display enhanced propensity to genomic instability

Here, we provide data suggesting that the absence of silencing of the ectopic reprogramming factors used to reprogram somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells （iPSCs） may predispose iPSCs to genomic instability. We encourage stem cell scientists to undertake an extensive characterization and standardization of much larger cohorts of iPSC lines in order to set up rigorous criteria to define safe and stable bonafide iPSCs.

Mechanics criterion and factors affecting overburden stability in solid dense filling mining

The effect of controlling strata movement in solid filling mining depends on the filling rate of the goal. However, the mechanical property of the overburden in the backfill stope and the designed size of the backfill mining workface should also be considered. In this study, we established a main roof strata model with loads in accordance with the theory of key strata to investigate the stability of the overburden in solid dense filling mining. We analyzed the stress distribution law of the main roof strata based on elastic thin plate theory. The results show that the position of the long side midpoint of the main roof strata failed more easily because of tensile yield, indicating that this position is the area where failure is likely to occur more easily. We also deduced the stability mechanics criterion of the main roof strata based on tensile yield criterion. The factors affecting the stability of the overburden in solid dense filling mining were also analyzed, including the thickness and elasticity modulus of the main roof strata, overlying strata loads, advanced distance and length of workface, and elastic foundation coefficient of backfill body. The research achievements can provide an important theoretical basis for determining the designed size of the solid dense filling mining workface.

The Influence of Climate Factors on the Stability of Infrastructures: Case of Forest Ecosystem in Southern Cameroon

The southern forest ecosystem of Cameroon extends from latitude 2° to 6°N and from 10° to 16°E. In order to investigate about the influence of climate factors on the infrastructures, the main parameters of local climate of that ecosystem have been evaluated. The results show that, the factors are stable and have a common trend. But, the abundance of precipitations;the important hydrographic network and the presence of dense forest appear as the majors climatic constraints that may be taken in account to ensure the stability of the infrastructures in forest ecosystem.

Correlation of coronary CTA calcification score with serum inflammatory factors and plaque stability-related indexes in patients with coronary heart disease

Objective: To investigate the correlation of coronary CTA calcification score (CACS) with serum inflammatory factors and plaque stability-related indexes in patients with coronary heart disease. Methods: A total of 228 patients with possible coronary heart disease who were examined in this hospital between November 2014 and March 2017 were selected, and the CACS levels as well as the serum contents of inflammatory factors and plaque stability indexes in patients with different lesions were determined. Pearson test was used to assess the correlation between CACS level and disease severity in patients with coronary heart disease. Results: The CACS level of triple vessel disease group was higher than that of double vessel disease group and single vessel disease group, and the CACS level of double vessel disease group was higher than that of single vessel disease group;serum sICAM-1, IL-6, IL-18, CRP, PTX3, Lp-PLA2 and Cat K contents were higher than those of double vessel disease group and single vessel disease group;serum sICAM-1, IL-6, IL-18, CRP, PTX3, Lp-PLA2 and Cat K contents of double vessel disease group were higher than those of single vessel disease group;serum Cys C content of triple vessel disease group was lower than that of double vessel disease group and single vessel disease group, and serum Cys C content of double vessel disease group was lower than that of single vessel disease group. Pearson test showed that the CACS level in patients with coronary heart disease was directly correlated with serum contents of inflammatory factors and plaque stability indexes. Conclusion: The CACS levels in patients with coronary heart disease increase with the aggravation of disease, and the specific CACS level is directly correlated with the degree of inflammatory response and the stability of the plaques.

Empirical Research on Influence Factors of "Leading Enterprise + Farmer" Channel Stability-Taking Personal Relation as the Regulated Variable

In the cooperation model of leading enterprise + farmer,channel stability is always a prominent problem. Based on previous researches,taking farmers in Hainan region as investigation object,the influence factors of channel stability of leading enterprise + farmer are studied by combining the background of formal contract and using the combination method of theory and demonstration. Contract item design,trading cost,product specificity,power structure,information asymmetry and social relationship are contained in analytic framework to establish theoretic model. Research results show that in formal channel management,when contract clause design is more explicit,product specificity is stronger,power structure is more balanced,information share degree is higher,and trading cost is lower,channel is more stable,and farmer's willing to renew contract is stronger. Meanwhile,social relationship plays stronger regulation role.

Investigating the Effect of Weather and Seasonal Factors on Root Stability Using Dynamic Measurements

The dynamic tree stability assessment technique allows trees to be measured efficiently, under realistic weather conditions. In this study, the stability of four trees, including two conifers and two broad-leaved species was assessed in the Botanical Gardens of the University of Sopron, Hungary. The examined trees included Horse chestnut, Japanese zelkova, Douglas fir and Giant sequoia. Each tree was measured in various weather and seasonal conditions. Results show that the seasons affected the stability of broadleaved trees significantly, due to considerable changes in the crown surface area, while this difference was much lower in softwoods. Rainy weather loosens the topsoil, which adversely affects the stability of trees with relatively shallow roots. Lower layers take longer to saturate, and therefore trees with very deep roots are usually unaffected by the looser topsoil, while the increased weight of the top layer compacts the lower layers and improves stability, as evidenced by results measured on Sequoia. Snow accumulation on the branches increases the inertia of the tree, which imposes higher torque on the root collar, decreasing stability. In the meantime, the increased resistance offered by frozen ground stabilizes the tree, which more-or-less counterbalances this effect. A more extensive database of tree stability under different conditions is being built to allow for more comprehensive analysis of various factors, like wind direction, tree health and morphology, shading, etc.

Light Promotes Protein Stability of Auxin Response Factor 7#

Light is an environmental signaling,whereas Aux/IAA proteins and Auxin Response Factors(ARFs)are regulators of auxin signalling.Aux/IAA proteins are unstable,and their degradation dependents on 26S ubiquitin-proteasome and is promoted by Auxin.Auxin binds directly to a SCF-type ubiquitin-protein ligase,TIR1,facilitates the interaction between Aux/IAA proteins and TIR1,and then the degradation of Aux/IAA proteins.A few studies have reported that some ARFs are also unstable proteins,and their degradation is also mediated by 26S proteasome.In this study,by using of antibodies recognizing endogenous ARF7 proteins,we found that protein stability of ARF7 was affected by light.By expressing MYC tagged ARF activators in protoplasts,we found that degradation of ARF7 was inhibited by 26 proteasome inhibitors.In addition,at least ARF5 and ARF19 were also unstable proteins,and degradation of ARF5 via 26S proteasome was further confirmed by using stable transformed plants overexpressing ARF5 with a GUS tag.

Multi-factor sensitivity analysis of shallow unsaturated clay slope stability

An unsaturated clay slope, with various sloping angles and a thickness of 14 m, consists of backfill, slope soil and residual soil. Slide interfaces were determined by geophysical approaches and the original slope was reconstructed. Sub-slope masses were classified based on the varieties of sloping angle. A force recursive principle was proposed to calculate the stability coefficient of the sub-slope masses. The influencing factors such as sloping angle, water content, hydrostatic pressure, seismic force as well as train load were analyzed. The range and correlation of the above-mentioned factors were discussed and coupled wave equations were established to reflect the relationships between unit weight, cohesion, internal frictional angle, and water content, as well as between internal frictional angle and cohesion. The sensitivity analysis of slope stability was carried out and susceptive factors were determined when the factors were taken as independent and dependent variables respectively. The results show that sloping angle, water content and earthquake are the principal susceptive factors influencing slope stability. The impact of hydrostatic pressure on slope stability is similar to the seismic force in quantity. Train load plays a small role in slope stability and its influencing only reaches the roadbed and its neighboring slope segment. If the factors are taken as independent variables, the influencing extent of water content and cohesion on slope stability can be weakened and train load can be magnified.

Stability and Influence Factors Analysis of Wharf Slope on Slippery Stratum

With the growing tension of port shoreline resource in Three Gorges Reservoir area, many wharfs can only be constructed on slippery stratum with poor geological condition, which means buckling failure occurs easily. FEM strength reduction method is used in analyzing slope stability of a wharf in Chongqing, and its accuracy is verified by comparing the acquired results with the computation of traditional limit equilibrium method. On this basis, the influences of reservoir water level variation, overload and backfill material behind the retaining wall, and soil share strength of wharf slope on slippery stratum are analyzed. Analysis shows that, there＇ s a most adverse water level in wharf slope, and the engineering proposals with a certain practical significance such as improve the drainage behind retaining wall, controll overload and improve the strength of backfill soil and subsoil are suggested.

Probabilistic stability analyses of undrained slopes by 3D random fields and finite element methods

A long slope consisting of spatially random soils is a common geographical feature. This paper examined the necessity of three-dimensional(3 D) analysis when dealing with slope with full randomness in soil properties. Although 3 D random finite element analysis can well reflect the spatial variability of soil properties, it is often time-consuming for probabilistic stability analysis. For this reason, we also examined the least advantageous(or most pessimistic) cross-section of the studied slope. The concept of"most pessimistic" refers to the minimal cross-sectional average of undrained shear strength. The selection of the most pessimistic section is achievable by simulating the undrained shear strength as a 3 D random field. Random finite element analysis results suggest that two-dimensional(2 D) plane strain analysis based the most pessimistic cross-section generally provides a more conservative result than the corresponding full 3 D analysis. The level of conservativeness is around 15% on average. This result may have engineering implications for slope design where computationally tractable 2 D analyses based on the procedure proposed in this study could ensure conservative results.

Early warning system for shallow landslides using rainfall threshold and slope stability analysis

A combined cluster and regression analysis were performed for the first time to identify rainfall threshold that triggers landslide events in Amboori, Kerala, India. Amboori is a tropical area that is highly vulnerable to landslides. The 2, 3, and 5-day antecedent rainfall data versus daily rainfall was clustered to identify a cluster of critical events that could potentially trigger landslides. Further, the cluster of critical events was utilized for regression analysis to develop the threshold equations. The 5-day antecedent(xvariable) vs. daily rainfall(y-variable) provided the best fit to the data with a threshold equation of y = 80.7-0.1981 x. The intercept of the equation indicates that if the 5-day antecedent rainfall is zero, the minimum daily rainfall needed to trigger the landslide in the Amboori region would be 80.7 mm. The negative coefficient of the antecedent rainfall indicates that when the cumulative antecedent rainfall increases, the amount of daily rainfall required to trigger monsoon landslide decreases. The coefficient value indicates that the contribution of the 5-day antecedent rainfall is～20% to the landslide trigger threshold. The slope stability analysis carried out for the area, using Probabilistic Infinite Slope Analysis Model(PISA-m), was utilized to identify the areas vulnerable to landslide in the region. The locations in the area where past landslides have occurred demonstrate lower Factors of Safety(FS) in the slope stability analysis. Thus, rainfall threshold analysis together with the FS values from slope stability can be suitable for developing a simple, cost-effective, and comprehensive early-warning system for shallow landslides in Amboori and similar regions.

Quantitative Zoning Assessment of Crustal Stability Along the Yunnan-Tibet Railway Line,Western China

The planned Yunnan-Tibet railway goes through the northwest of Yunnan Province and the southeast of the Tibet Autonomous Region. Because of its location near the collision belt of the Eurasian and Indian plates, complex engineering geological conditions and difficult engineering geological problems are encountered. The study is aimed at making the zoning assessment of crustal stability along the railway line so as to provide a better base for its construction, especially its line selection. For this purpose, the following seven influencing factors of crustal stability were selected and quantified by grading and scoring： active fault, seismic activity, geo-stress field, geo-strain field, geothermal field, geo-hazard, and lithologic character. Of these factors, the active fault, seismic activity and geo-hazard are the three most prominent factors influencing the railway construction. Along the railway line there are 1731703 calculation units to be divided. The zoning assessment calculation was completed by ArcGIS-based information fusion method. The assessment results aid railway line selection and show that there are 10 stable sectors, 28 relatively stable sectors, 23 relatively unstable sectors, and 20 unstable sectors along the Yunnan-Tibet railway line.