Technical Progress on Researches for the Safety of High Concrete-Faced Rockfill Dams

The concrete-faced rockfill dam(CFRD) is an important dam type in the selection of high dams to be constructed in Western China,owing to its direct utilization of local materials,good adaptability,and distinct economic advantages.Over the past decades,China has gained successful experience in the construction of 200 m CFRDs,providing the necessary technical accumulation for the development of 250–300 m ultra-high CFRDs.This paper summarizes these successful experiences and analyzes the problems of a number of major 200 m CFRDs around the world.In addition,it discusses the key technologies and latest research progress regarding safety in the construction of 250–300 m ultra-high CFRDs,and suggests focuses and general ideas for future research.

THE OPTIMAL ALLOCATION ABOUT CAPITAL AND LABOR IN THE ECONOMIC GROWTH WITH AN ENDOGENOUS TECHNICAL PROGRESS MODEL

In this paper, the balanced economic growth path was considered in a new growth model with endogenous technical progress. It is not only obtained the optimal allocation about capital and labor between a goods-producing sector and a R&D Sector, but also the optimal value of saving rates. By discussing the effect of parameters, it are also got the following results: When the rate of time preference (discount factor) rising, the fractions of Capital and labor in the goods-producing sector will increase, the fractions in R&D sector and the saving rates will decrease; When the population grows rapidly, the result will be contrary.

Technical Progress Has Positive,Differentiated Effects on Energy Efficiency of Chinese Industries

The rebound effects of technological advancement on energy consumption make it very complicated to measure the impact of technological advancement on energy efficiency.This article,taking 35 industries as samples,utilizes the non-parameter DEA-Malmquist productivity approach to subcategorise technological advancement into three parts:science-technological(sci-tech)progress,pure technical efficiency and efficiency of scale.The panel technique is then used to work out each subcategory’s contribution to energy efficiency individually.Findings show that technological efficiency (calculated by multiplying the results of pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency)is the principal factor in the improvement of energy efficiency while the contribution from sci-tech progress is comparatively less.Overtime,however,the effect of sci-tech progress is gradually heightened while the effect of technical efficiency slowly diminishes.

Technical Progress of China's Delayed Coking Technology

This article introduces the recent advances of China in the fields of process technology of delayed coking, enlarged equipment size, hydraulic decoking, automatic control and environmental protection. By the end of 2004 the total capacity of delayed coking uniis in China had reached 37.24 Mt/a with the maximum coke drum diameter equating to 9.4 m. This article also presents the investmerit in delayed cokers and the current production status while pointing out the existing problems and future development trends.

Green technical innovation, environmental expenditure, and the environmental Kuznets curve:a dynamics model

The relationship between the emission of pollutant and economic growth has attracted a lot of attention in the environmental debate of the recent decades. Based on some theoretical and empirical research on environmental Kuznets curve （EKC）, this paper introduces the environmental technical innovation and environmental investment into Salow growth model to discuss the relationship between GDP per capital and the emission of pollutant By the dynamic simulation and parameters analysis, the results of the model indicate： （1） when ＂green＂ technical progress and environmental investment are fixed, the relationship between GDP per capital and the emission shows the linear relationship; （2） ＂green＂ technical progress can lead to the positive growth rates with a decreasing level of emission, which is compatible with an EKC; （3） the proportion of the environmental investment can lead the different growth rates and level of emission. These results can explain that developing countries are ＂too poor to be green＂.

The Research Progress and Prospect Analysis of Germ-Remaining Rice Whitener

In this paper, the backdrop and significance of the research of germ-remaining rice whitener firstly were expatiated. Then, the study progress in China and overseas was summarized. Lastly, the research prospect of this kind of whitener in China was analyzed. It is hoped that it can coach the design of germ-remaining rice whitener.

Changes in Total Factor Productivity,Technological Progress and Efficiency of Banana Industry in China

Based on the DEA-based Malmquist index method,the total factor productivity was calculated for 5 major banana production areas in 2003-2004,and it was further divided into technological progress and technical efficiency.The results show that the total factor productivity of banana industry in China was 1.3% in the sample period,mainly due to technological progress,the average growth rate was 2.6%,while the pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency was -0.1% and -1.2% respectively.The improvement of total factor productivity in banana industry in China relied mainly on technological progress,cultivation of new banana varieties,management of high quality cultivation,popularization and application of water conservation and fertilizer saving technology,and injury-free picking technologies.The pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency of banana production were negative,indicating that the management level of banana was not high.The effect of scale economy of this industry through agglomeration and consolidation is still to be practiced.Banana growers should promote the improvement of large scale and management level of the banana industry at the same time of promoting the technological progress.

Productivity Growth, Technological Progress, and Efficiency Change in Vietnamese Manufacturing Industries: A Stochastic Frontier Approach

This study applies a stochastic frontier production approach to decompose the sources of total productivity (TFP) growth into technical progress and changes in technical efficiency of 8057 firms in Vietnamese manufacturing industries during 2003-2007. Using both total manufacturing industry and sub-manufacturing industrial regressions, the analysis focuses on the trend of technological progress (TP) and technical efficiency change (TEC), and the role of productivity change in economic growth. According to the estimated results, the annual technical progress for the manufacturing industry and sub-manufacturing industries are calculated directly from the estimated parameters of the translog stochastic frontier production function by taking a partial derivative of output with respect to time t. The average technical changes in manufacturing industry and sub-manufacturing industries are positive, with an average technical change about 5.2%, 5.8%, 5.4%, 11.8%, 4.6%, 4.1%, 7.3%, 4.8%, 4.8% and 4.8% for total sample, food products & beverages, textile & wearing apparel, footwear, paper & products, industrial chemicals, rubber & plastic products, non- metallic mineral, basic & fabricated metal and other sub-industries, respectively. Total TFP in the manufacturing sector has grown at the annual rate of 0.052, although the rate of growth decreased continuously during the sample period. For the sub-industry estimates during the sample period, TFP grew fastest in the footwear sub-industry, with annual average growth rate of 11.8%, followed by the rubber & plastic products with a rate of 7.3%, and the food products & beverages with a rate of 5.8% per annum.

Design & Construction Progress and Prospect of TGP

The construction of the TGP has proceeded smoothly since its commencement of construction in 1994 and the construction quality is good in general. The construction proceeds in accordance with the master project schedule in preliminary design approved by the central government and the investment can be controlled within the total budget of the preliminary design. The Changjiang Water Resources Commission, taking charge of the general design jobs of the TGP, has consistently paid attention to the project quality in the first place and carried out large amount of investigation, design and scientific research work. This paper makes an overall summarization and presentation on important technical issues in the design, such as dam, powerhouse structure, permanent ship locks, ship lift, project safety monitoring, main river closure and the 2nd stage cofferdam, mechanical and electric design etc., and put forwards a lot of suggestions about optimizing design schemes and measures for smoothing away construction difficulties in accordance with construction progress.

Progress in the Field of Converting Methanol into Light Olefins over the ZSM-5 Zeolite Catalyst

Technical progress in the field of conversion of methanol into ethylene and propylene over the ZSM-5 catalyst was summarized. The economical analysis of the technology, the mechanism of chemical reaction and reaction kinetics were introduced. The factors including the effect of the operating conditions,the influence of catalyst preparation conditions and modification of ZSM-5 zeolite on the reaction and coke formation were also discussed.

中国石化超深层钻完井关键技术挑战及展望

超深层是中国石化油气勘探开发的重要增储上产领域。针对超深层勘探开发需求和高温高压及复杂地质环境带来的工程挑战,中国石化持续开展关键技术攻关,在钻完井基础理论和方法、钻完井装备、高温井筒工作液、耐高温井下工具仪器和完井测试等方面取得关键技术进展,保障了120口超8 000 m油气井的安全钻探,钻深能力突破9 000 m,助推塔里木盆地顺北大型超深油气田建设、四川盆地海相特深层油气勘探开发突破,为保障超深层油气勘探开发提供了有力的工程技术支撑。随着油气勘探开发不断向更深层推进,技术升级转型需求日益迫切,需进一步夯实理论研究基础,突破耐高温关键工具仪器和井筒工作液,加快推进钻完井工程技术向数智化转型,为保障深层、超深层油气高效勘探开发和加快技术升级转型提供工程技术支撑。

页岩含气量现场测试技术进展与发展趋势

含气量是页岩气勘探评价及生产决策中的关键性基础参数,大三段式现场含气量解吸是准确、经济、快捷的首选方法。有别于煤层气思路,页岩含气量在测试原理、方法、技术及仪器等方面均取得了重要进展。无管化测试技术和小三段式测量方法的提出和应用,在提高解吸气测试精度的同时提供了更多有价值的信息。从借鉴于煤层气的条件回推法到多点测量约束拟合法,页岩损失气测量方法更加摆脱了对假设条件的依赖。基于非接触式扭矩传递的方法原理,实现了残余气测试过程中的全程气密。双三段式的含气量准确测量,为总含气量、游吸比、可采系数等含气结构参数的分析和求取奠定了基础,但页岩的可采气量并不是损失气和解吸气的简单加和。高精度含气量现场解吸的应用领域广泛,高精度解吸数据的系统获得、含气结构多参数的预测评价、智能评价技术的实践应用等,是页岩含气量现场解吸发展的基本方向。

绿色治理、技术进步与就业

在经济低碳转型的背景下,如何实现企业绿色治理和就业增长的双赢成为现阶段中国发展面临的一个挑战。首先,构造包含重污染行业和非重污染行业的两部门模型,结合理论文献分析企业绿色治理影响就业的技术进步路径及其行业异质性;其次,利用上市企业环境信息披露数据构造公司绿色治理指数,并以2008—2020年沪深A股上市企业为研究样本,实证检验公司绿色治理水平对就业的影响效应及其作用机制。研究发现:(1)企业绿色治理水平与就业水平之间存在显著的正相关关系。(2)中介效应模型检验表明,技术进步是绿色治理促进就业增长的一个重要渠道。(3)分样本检验表明,绿色治理通过技术进步路径对重污染行业就业和非重污染行业就业产生的影响具有异质性,技术创新与技术效率的中介效应存在行业差异。其中,技术创新在重污染行业和非重污染行业均表现为遮掩效应,即技术创新会弱化绿色治理对就业的促进作用;技术效率仅在非重污染行业中存在部分中介效应,即绿色治理通过影响技术效率进而促进非重污染行业就业。因此,政府可以进一步完善企业绿色治理政策框架,推动企业开展绿色治理行动,实现就业增长和环境保护的双重红利;企业要在制定发展战略时充分考虑绿色治理对技术进步的负面影响;不同行业的企业要密切关注不同技术进步方式对就业的影响,确保绿色转型与就业增长协同发展。

乡村振兴背景下“三阶递进”模式在农民培育中的构建和应用

要实现我国农业的现代化,确保国家粮食安全和重要农产品有效供给,就需要打造一支高素质农民队伍。基于此,江苏农牧科技职业学院创新育人体制、机制,通过构建培育资源包、开发培育模块、固化培训流程、建立质量保障体系等一系列做法,为乡村振兴培养“懂技术、善经营、会管理”的高素质农民。发展生态农业对高素质农民的需求,采用“三阶递进”高素质农民培育模式进行培育,取得了较好的培育效果,形成了高素质农民培育范式,为模式的完善和进一步推广奠定了基础。

新型灌溉技术在果树中应用的研究进展

果树是我国农业中重要的支柱产业,而我国水资源匮乏是影响果树生产的瓶颈问题。近年,研究学者根据果树的需水特性、生长发育规律、栽培环境条件等因素,研制多种新型节水灌溉技术,并得到较好的试验印证效果,该文将国内外有关新型灌溉技术在果树中的研究进行综合阐述,并对今后新型灌溉技术进行展望,以期将新型灌溉技术更好地服务于果树生产、提高果园管理水平提供借鉴。

马克思主义技术进步测度的理论基础建构——基于马克思劳动生产力及其相关理论

构建马克思主义技术进步测度的理论基础,是发展马克思技术进步和经济增长理论的关键环节。马克思主义技术进步测度建立在马克思劳动生产力理论基础之上。在马克思主义经济学里,劳动生产力理论以劳动价值为立论前提,劳动价值理论和劳动生产力理论共同贯穿马克思主义技术进步测度理论基础构建的全过程。特别地,劳动生产率是唯一一个同时与价值和使用价值发生关系的生产率指标。劳动价值、劳动生产率和技术进步三者之间的内在逻辑关系,决定了劳动价值与劳动生产率在马克思主义技术进步测度中的作用机制。在马克思主义技术进步测度理论的发展过程中,须把握劳动生产力和劳动生产率的变动规律,借鉴主流经济学测度技术进步的方法和手段,围绕劳动生产率指标建构技术进步测度方法体系。

劳动力成本与技术进步偏向性——来自最低工资调整的证据

技术进步偏向性是影响要素收入份额变化的重要因素,探讨技术进步偏向性变化背后的逻辑对于构建科学合理的要素收入分配体系具有积极意义。本文基于最低工资调整视角探讨影响技术进步偏向性变化的价格效应。理论结果表明,当资本与劳动要素之间存在互补(替代)关系时,最低工资提升促使技术进步偏向劳动(资本)。采用中国城市数据测算技术进步偏向性指数,发现城市技术进步整体偏向资本,而在2004年之后出现偏向劳动的趋势。实证研究显示,随着最低工资水平上升,技术进步倾向于偏向劳动,且这一效应在要素互补样本更为显著,在要素替代样本不显著。考虑内生性问题、技术进步偏向性动态变化等稳健性检验均得到一致结果,且这一效应在2004年之后和在中西部地区尤为明显。进一步考察城市异质性特征发现,最低工资对技术进步偏向性的影响在非省会、中小经济规模、劳动密集型及对外开放度较低的城市更为显著;随着所在省份市场化水平和出口开放度提高而减弱,随着民营化水平提高而加强。本文研究结论为驱动技术进步偏向性变化的价格效应提供了证据支持,为各地区因地制宜实施和完善最低工资制度提供现实借鉴。

强国建设两阶段农业劳动生产率目标预测与提升路径

提高农业劳动生产率是建设社会主义现代化强国和农业强国的关键任务。农业劳动生产率的增长来源于农业劳动力劳均经营土地面积的增加、土地产出率的提高与单位农产品价值的提升。改革开放以来,中国农业劳动生产率大幅提高,其中土地单产上升的贡献率持续下降,而劳均经营土地面积增加的贡献率不断上升。2010—2020年,中国农业劳动生产率的增长中19.9%来自土地单产上升,67.8%来自劳均经营土地面积增加。综合考虑按总增长率、按构成项的增长率和按与农业发达国家的相对水平进行预测,中国农业劳均增加值在2035年将超过19000美元(2015年不变价格),在2050年将超过50000美元,达到农业发达国家水平。未来较长一段时间,中国农业劳动生产率的增长将主要来自劳均经营土地面积的增加,在此过程中,要促进新型农业经营主体培育,促进劳动节约型技术进步,促进农地经营权流转并保障经营权稳定,促进以增值增效为导向的农业结构优化调整。

制造业产出服务化对企业环境绩效的影响研究

在当前全球倡导可持续发展的背景下,推动制造业服务化不仅有助于提升企业的环境绩效,也有助于实现更高质量的经济发展。以2010-2020年中国沪深A股制造业上市公司的面板数据为样本进行实证分析,研究制造业企业产品导向型的产出服务化对企业环境绩效的影响及其作用机制。研究结果表明:制造业企业产出服务化能够显著提升企业的环境绩效,异质性分析发现,这一提升作用在国有企业以及技术密集型企业中更为显著;机制分析发现,制造业企业产出服务化主要通过提高全要素生产率以及促进技术进步来提升企业的环境绩效。本研究为制造业企业转型升级和绿色发展提供了经验支持。