Dual carbon goal and agriculture in China:Exploring key factors influencing farmers’behavior in adopting low carbon technologies

Identifying the factors influencing farmers’adoption of low-carbon technologies(FA)and understanding their impacts are essential for shaping effective agricultural policies amied at emission reduction and carbon sequestration in China.This study employs a meta-analysis of 122 empirical studies,delves into 23 driving factors affecting FA and addresses the inconsistencies present in the existing literature.We systematically examine the effect size,source of heterogeneity,and time-accumulation effect of the driving factors on FA.We find that significant heterogeneity in the factors influencing FA,except for farming experience,sources of heterogeneity from the survey zone,methodology model,technological attributes,report source,financial support,and the sampling year.Additionally,age,farming experience,and adoption cost negatively correlate with FA.In contrast,educational level,health status,technical training,economic and welfare cognition,land contract,soil quality,terrain,information accessibility,demonstration,government promotion,government regulation,government support,agricultural cooperatives member,peer effect,and agricultural income ratio demonstrate a positive correlation.Especially,demonstration and age show a particularly strong correlation.Finally,the effect of demonstration,age,economic and welfare cognition,farming experience,land contract,soil quality,information accessibility,government promotion,and support,as well as agricultural cooperative membership and peer effects on FA,are generally stable but exhibit varying degrees of attenuation over time.The effect of village cadre,family income,farm scale,gender,health status,technical training,and off-farm work on FA show notable temporal shifts and maintain a weak correlation with FA.This study contributes to shaping China’s current low-carbon agriculture policies across various regions.It encourages policymakers to comprehensively consider the stability of key factors,other potential factors,technological attributes,rural socio-economic context,and their interrelations.

A Comparative Study on Factors Influencing Food Security in China and India

This paper analyzes and compares the key factors influencing food security in two populous countries(China and India),and cate-gorizes them into three types:agricultural production,economic development and income level,and income distribution.Using the prevalence of undernourishment as an indicator of food security,the paper empirically tests the degree of impact of various factors on food security in both countries using Tobit regression and Newey regression methods.The study finds that improving the level of economic development can significantly enhance food security in both countriesꎻreducing the Gini coefficient has a significant impact on India,but not on Chinaꎻincreasing the agricultural production per capita has a much greater effect on China than on India.Therefore,both countries should take measures that are both similar and different according to their national conditions to improve their food security level.

Factors Influencing Mode of Delivery: A Case-Control Study

The primary objective of this investigation was to scrutinize the prepregnancy conditions and lifestyles of 2046 women residing in Liuzhou City, with the aim of delineating the determinants of delivery methods. Evidently, the study unearthed substantial correlations between prepregnancy body mass index, educational attainment, exposure to passive smoking, medical history, and other variables with the mode of delivery. Furthermore, a predictive nomogram model was formulated to accurately forecast the likelihood of cesarean section. These discernments equip pertinent authorities with the means to institute targeted screening and supportive measures for women contemplating pregnancy based on these identified factors. Moreover, provision of services such as prepregnancy counseling and clinical risk assessments could be instrumental in curbing the incidence of cesarean section.

Comparative Analysis of the Factors Influencing Metro Passenger Arrival Volumes in Wuhan, China, and Lagos, Nigeria: An Application of Association Rule Mining and Neural Network Models

This study explores the factors influencing metro passengers’ arrival volume in Wuhan, China, and Lagos, Nigeria, by examining weather, time of day, waiting time, travel behavior, arrival patterns, and metro satisfaction. It addresses a significant research gap in understanding metro passengers’ dynamics across cultural and geographical contexts. It employs questionnaires, field observations, and advanced data analysis techniques like association rule mining and neural network modeling. Key findings include a correlation between rainy weather, shorter waiting times, and higher arrival volumes. Neural network models showed high predictive accuracy, with waiting time, metro satisfaction, and weather being significant factors in Lagos Light Rail Blue Line Metro. In contrast, arrival patterns, weather, and time of day were more influential in Wuhan Metro Line 5. Results suggest that improving metro satisfaction and reducing waiting times could increase arrival volumes in Lagos Metro while adjusting schedules for weather and peak times could optimize flow in Wuhan Metro. These insights are valuable for transportation planning, passenger arrival volume management, and enhancing user experiences, potentially benefiting urban transportation sustainability and development goals.

An Interview-Based Study of the Factors Influencing the Quality of Professional Training of Science Education Graduates

The proposal of the strategy of developing the country through science education has clarified China’s demand for the development of the science and education industry and the cultivation of science and education talents,and the birth of Science Education majors is an important link in the cultivation of scientific literacy.Based on the grounded theory,we interviewed three Science Education graduates from a university and coded the interview data by using NVivo 12.0 to find eight important factors affecting their professional training and employment choices.The factors are“social factors,”“individual career choice factors,”“campus resources,”“employment advantages,”“professional self-development,”“teacher factors,”“planning for further education and employment,”and“student motivation.”This study analyzes the interaction between the influencing factors,constructs a theoretical model of the influencing factors of the quality of Science Education professional training,explores the problems of the training process of Science Education majors and employment dilemmas,and puts forward corresponding suggestions.

A Study on the Factors Influencing Consumer Purchase Decision Under the Live-Streaming Sales Model

In recent years,with the rapid development and popularization of Internet information technology,many new media platforms have risen rapidly,and major e-commerce companies have begun to explore the mode of livestreaming.Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic,due to the lockdown,live-streaming has become an important means of economic development in many places.Owing to its remarkable characteristics of timeliness,entertainment,and interactivity,it has become the latest and trendiest sales mode of e-commerce channels,reflecting huge economic potential and commercial value.This article analyzes two models and their characteristics of live-streaming sales from a practical perspective.Based on this,it outlines consumer purchasing decisions and the factors that affect consumer purchasing decisions under the live-streaming sales model.Finally,it discusses targeted suggestions for using the live-streaming sales model to expand the consumer market,hoping to promote the healthy and steady development of the live-streaming sales industry.

Grain Crop Fertilization Status and Factors Influencing Farmers' Decision Making on Fertilizer Use: China Case Study

[Objective] China is the world＇s largest fertilizer consumer. Fertilizer plays an important role in maintaining China＇s food security. Along with population and economic growth, overuse of fertilizers has caused serious environmental problems, such as soil acidification, decline in soil organic carbon, and agricultural non-point source pollution. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing farmers＂ decision making on fertilizer use, and provide policy recommendations on ways to affect fertilization. [Method] An econometric model reflecting fertilization of rural households was estimated from a survey distributed to 1 043 households randomly selected from 19 provinces in China. [Result] Results of the study showed that education years of fertilizer decision maker, fertilizer quality, organic fertilizer application, fertilizer price, and agricultural product price had significant effects on the fertilizer application rate at 1% level. Soil nutrient affected the fertilizer application rate at 10% level. [Conclusion] Policies aimed at improving the reasonable use of fertilizer should focus on the regulation of chemical fertilizer price, foundation of the organic-inorganic fertilizer system, soil testing, formulated fertilization, and agricultural extension service.

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFECT OF RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY ON LIVER CANCER

Factors influencing the therapeutic effect of radiolmmunotherapy with 131I labeled anti- human hepa-tocellular carcinoma (HCC) ferritin antibody (131I -FtAb) on thirty three patients with surgically proven unresectable HCC were studied. Multi- variable analysis with Cox' s regression model revealed that the statistically sig-nifieant factors include tumor size, activity of 131I administered each time and the second-look resection. Survival of patients with tumor diameter less than 10 cm was higher than that of patients with tumor diameter more than 10 cm (1-year survival; 84% versus 50%) 3-year survival; 63% versus 9% ). Patients administered with 5. 55×108 Bq to 9. 25× 10(?) of 131I-FtAb each time yielded better effect than those administered with more than 9. 25×108 Bq of 131I -FtAb (1-year, survival: 86% ver- sus 55%; 3-year survival: 50% versus 18%). When tumor shrank, patients underwent second-look resection had a higher survival than those without receiving second- look resection (1- year survival, 80%versus 66 %; 3-year survival; 80% versus 11%).

Factors Influencing the Number of Rabies Cases in Children in China

To understand the epidemic situation and factors influencing rabies cases in children in China, we obtained an overview of the current epidemic based on individual data of rabies cases in children and a descriptive analysis was carried on the prevalence and related factors. The results showed that the rabies cases in children accounted for 21.3% of the total number of rabies cases in China, 97.0% of these cases occurred in rural areas, they were mainly caused by dogs （81.5%）, and were primarily level Ill exposure （47.7%）. More than half of the cases were not treated with wound care, vaccination rate was extremely low （15.7%）, and only 5.9% of cases were injected with antibodies. Furthermore, 25.4% of cases adopted incorrect treatments such as extruding bleed and wound closure, cases vaccinated with 5 injections acco- unted for only 22.5%. In conclusion, the prevalence of rabies cases in children in China remains a serious concern, the number and immune status of dogs in rural areas, and knowledge of rabies by risk populations should be considered in future rabies prevention and control programs.

Factors Influencing the Use of Outcome Measures for Patients with Low Back Pain: A Survey of Nigerian Physiotherapists

Background: Low back pain is one of the important patients’ presenting complain that requires expert management from the physiotherapists. Yet no work was available for reference on the use of outcome measures for its evaluation by Nigeria physiotherapists. Objective: This study, therefore, investigated the outcome measures used by Nigerian physiotherapists to evaluate patients with Low Back Pain and the factors that influenced their use. Methods: A survey questionnaire was posted to 306 randomly selected mem- bers of the Nigeria Society of Physiotherapy (NSP). Data were analyzed using frequency, percentages, mean, ANOVA, and Pearson’s Chi-square. P-value was placed at 0.05. Results: 52.9% of the respondents (221) used a pain visual analog scale. Only 36.1% used LBP-specific clinical outcome measures. The factors that influenced their use were belief, attitude, knowledge, and choice. There was no significant difference between the majority of the factors and the use of clinical outcome measures. The P-values were 0.960, 0.648, 0.760 for belief, attitude and knowledge respectively. The only factor that had a significant difference (P = 0.029) with the use of clinical outcome measures was choice. Gender and postgraduate qualification had no significant influ- ence on the use of clinical outcome measures at the P-value of 0.117 and 0.510 respectively. Conclusion: Pain visual analog scale is the outcome measure frequently used by Nigeria Physiotherapists to evaluate patients with Low Back Pain. Belief, attitude, knowledge, and choice are the factors that influ- enced the use. There is a need to incorporate the use of LBP-specific outcome measures by Nigerian physiotherapists while treating patients with LBP.

Factors Influencing Glucoraphanin and Sulforaphane Formation in Brassica Plants:A Review

Sulforaphane is a type of sulfur-containing isothiocyanates hydrolyzed from glucosinolates by myrosinase found in Brassica plants. Sulforaphane is a naturally occurring inducer of phase II enzymes in human and animal bodies to detoxify cancer-causing chemicals. Glucoraphanin is the precursor of sulforaphane and its content is greatly influenced by plant species and genotype, plant organs, pre-harvest factors, and post-harvest processing, thus sulforaphane formation is also directly influenced. Here, we review the formation mechanism of sulforaphane and the factors influencing sulforaphane formation. In the end, the future directions are also discussed.

Factors influencing HIV infection in men who have sex with men in China

To identify risk factors for HIV infection among men who have sex with men （MSM） and to provide a theoretical basis for prevention interventions. Between December 2011 and August 2012, a case-control study was conducted among MSM who underwent voluntary counselling and testing for HIV. Confirmed HIV-positive MSM were included in the case group, and HIV-negative MSM were included in the control group. Information on possible risk factors was collected by a survey questionnaire and a qualitative interview. The results of a conditional logistic regression showed that the following were influencing factors for HIV infection： average monthly income between 2001 and 3000 Yuan （odds ratio （0R）=6.341, 95% Ch 1.714-12.544）, only sometimes using condoms when having anal sex with men in the last 6 months （0R=7.601, 95% Ch 1.359-23.083）, having HIV-positive sex partners （0R=5.273, 95% Ch 1.572- 17.691）, rectal trauma with bleeding in the last 6 months （0R=2.947, 95% Ch 1.308-6.638）, not using condoms at last sexual encounter （OR-- 1.278, 95% Ch 1.012-5.595）, engaging in commercial sex （0R=5.925, 95% Ch 1.923-13.890） and having more than 16 sex partners in the last 6 months （0R=1.175, 95% Ch 1.021-1.353）. These seven factors were the risk factors of HIV infection （OR〉l）. However, having anal sex less than 10 times in the previous 1 month （OR=O.O02, 95% CI： 0.000-0.287） was a protective factor against HIV infection among MSM （OR〈l）, and insertive （0R=0.116, 95% Ch 0.000-0.236） （OR〈l） anal intercourse influenced HIV infection. Interventions should be targeted at MSM whose average monthly income is between 2001 and 3000 Yuan, and who engage in commercial sex. In addition, the importance of using condoms at every sexual encounter should be emphasised in health education, as should the treatment of rectal trauma with bleeding. Finally, MSM should decrease the number of sex partners and frequency of anal sex to decrease the rate of HIV infection.

Simulation study on factors influencing the entrainment behavior of liquid steel as bubbles pass through the steel/slag interface

In this study, a water/silicone oil interface was used to simulate the steel/slag interface in a converter. A high-speed camera was used to record the entrainment process of droplets when air bubbles were passed through the water/silicone oil interface. Motion parameters of the bubbles and droplets were obtained using particle kinematic analysis software, and the entrainment rate of the droplets was calculated. It was found that the entrainment rate decreased from 29.5% to 0 when the viscosity of the silicone oil was increased from 60 mPa.s to 820 mPa.s in the case of bubbles with a 5 mm equivalent diameter passing through the water/silicone oil interface. The results indicate that in- creasing the viscosity of the silicone oil is conducive to reducing the entrainment rate. The entrainment rate increased from 0 to 136.3% in the case of silicone oil with a viscosity of 60 mPa.s when the equivalent diameter of the bubbles was increased from 3 mm to 7 ram. We there- fore conclude that small bubbles are also conductive to reducing the entrainment rate. The force analysis results for the water colmnn indicate that the entrainment rate of droplets is affected by the velocity of the bubble passing through the water/silicone oil interface and that the en- trainment rate decreases with the bubble velocity.

Analysis of Factors Influencing Insomnia and Construction of a Prediction Model:A Cross-sectional Survey on Rescuers

Objective To determine the factors influencing insomnia and construct early insomnia warning tools for rescuers to informbest practices for early screening and intervention.Methods Cluster sampling was used to conduct a cross-sectional survey of 1,133 rescuers from one unit in Beijing,China.Logistic regression modeling and R software were used to analyze insomniarelated factors and construct a PRISM model,respectively.Results The positive rate of insomnia among rescuers was 2.74%.Accounting for participants’age,education,systolic pressure,smoking,per capita family monthly income,psychological resilience,and cognitive emotion regulation,logistic regression analysis revealed that,compared with families with an average monthly income less than 3,000 yuan,the odds ratio(OR)values and the[95%confidence interval(CI)]for participants of the following categories were as follows:average monthly family income greater than 5,000 yuan:2.998(1.307–6.879),smoking:4.124(1.954–8.706),and psychological resilience:0.960(0.933–0.988).The ROC curve area of the PRISM model(AUC)=0.7650,specificity=0.7169,and sensitivity=0.7419.Conclusion Insomnia was related to the participants’per capita family monthly income,smoking habits,and psychological resilience on rescue workers.The PRISM model’s good diagnostic value advises its use to screen rescuer early sleep quality.Further,advisable interventions to optimize sleep quality and battle effectiveness include psychological resilience training and smoking cessation.

Factors influencing improvement of visual field after trans-sphenoidal resection of pituitary macroadenomas:a retrospective cohort study

AIM: To investigate the influencing factors of visual field improvement after trans-sphenoidal resection of pituitary macroadenomas. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 201 patients (366 eyes) with visual field defect induced by pituitary macroadenomas. All of them were treated with trans-sphenoidal surgery. Ophthalmologic evaluation, best -corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and visual field examination were performed before and 3mo after surgery. BCVA, visual field defect index mean deviation (MD), duration of symptoms, age, sex, and volume of tumors were compared. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ki-67 of tumor tissue were detected by immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: The mean age of patients was 44.23 +/- 1.29y. Ninety -three patients were female and 108 were male. The mean tumor volume was 14.36 +/- 6.23 cm(3). The mean duration of preoperative symptoms was 11.50 +/- 0.88mo. Mean preoperative MD was -17.50 +/- 0.82 dB. Mean Preoperative visual acuity was 0.64 +/- 0.04. Postoperative visual field improved in 270 (73.77%) eyes, unchanged in 96 (26.23%) eyes. Multivariate logistic regression displayed that the factors independently influencing visual field improvement were young age (OR=1.71, 95%CI: 1.325-2.387, P=0.013), low preoperative MD absolute value (OR=1.277, 95%CI: 1.205-1.355, P<0.001), small volume of tumor (OR=1.458, 95%CI: 1.060-4.289, P<0.001), low expression of VEGF in tumor tissue (OR=1.554, 95%CI: 1.089-2.457, P=0.022), and low expression of Ki-67 in tumor tissue (OR=1.552, 95%CI: 1.161-2.847, P=0.026). CONCLUSION: After pituitary macroadenomas trans sphenoidal resection, the independent influencing factors of the visual fields recovery were low preoperative MD absolute value, young age, small volume of tumor, and expression levels of VEGF/Ki-67.

Corresponding Factors Influencing Crude Oils Assay Using Low-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

In this study, the main factors influencing the measurements by means of the off-line low-field 1H NMR in the lab were discussed base on a robust calibration model established by the PLS algorithm using 255 crude oil samples. The preheating temperature had a great influence on the viscosity of oil samples and the resolution of spectral analysis. The repeatability of spectral measurements was impacted by the metal and wax content of the oil samples. For the case of high wax content oils, the wax species began to crystallize in the course of determination that could affect the repeatability of spectral measurements. These factors have evidenced why the preheating devices and filter unit are necessary when low field NMR system is used in the online analysis process. The investigation is very important for the on-line application of the low field NMR.

Spatial-temporal Characteristics and Factors Influencing Commuting Activities of Middle-class Residents in Guangzhou City, China

The middle class in metropolitan Chinese cities has become an important social group. With the rapid development of urbanization and constant advancement of suburbanization, the middle class has increasingly come to influence city traffic. Research into middle-class commuting activities thus has practical significance for improving traffic congestion and reducing the commuting burden in metropolitan cities. Based on a dataset formed by 816 completed surveys, this paper analyzes the commuting mode, time and distance of middle-class residents in Guangzhou City using the descriptive statistical method. The results indicate that private cars are the main commuting mode, followed by public transport. Meanwhile, middle-class residents mainly undertake medium-short time and medium-short distance commuting. The study subsequently uses multilevel logistic regression and multiple linear regression models to analyze the factors that influence commuting mode choice, time and distance. The gender, age, number of family cars, housing source and jobs-housing balance are the most important factors influencing commuting mode choice; housing, population density, jobs-housing balance and commuting mode significantly affect commuting time; and transport accessibility, jobs-housing balance and commuting mode are the notable factors affecting commuting distance. Finally, this paper analyzes what is affecting the commuting activities of middle-class residents and determines the differences in commuting activity characteristics and influence factors between middle-class and ordinary residents. Policy suggestions to improve urban planning and urban management are also proposed.

Factors influencing oil recovery by surfactant-polymer flooding in conglomerate reservoirs and its quantitative calculation method

This study aims to clarify the factors influencing oil recovery of surfactant-polymer(SP)flooding and to establish a quantitative calculation model of oil recovery during different displacement stages from water flooding to SP flooding.The conglomerate reservoir of the Badaowan Formation in the seventh block of the Karamay Oilfield is selected as the research object to reveal the start-up mechanism of residual oil and determine the controlling factors of oil recovery through SP flooding experiments of natural cores and microetching models.The experimental results are used to identify four types of residual oil after water flooding in this conglomerate reservoir with a complex pore structure:oil droplets retained in pore throats by capillary forces,oil cluster trapped at the junction of pores and throats,oil film on the rock surface,isolated oil in dead-ends of flow channel.For the four types of residual oil identified,the SP solution can enhance oil recovery by enlarging the sweep volume and improving the oil displacement efficiency.First,the viscosity-increasing effect of the polymer can effectively reduce the permeability of the displacement liquid phase,change the oil-water mobility ratio,and increase the water absorption.Furthermore,the stronger the shear drag force of the SP solution,the more the crude oil in a porous medium is displaced.Second,the surfactant can change the rock wettability and reduce the absorption capacity of residual oil by lowering interfacial tension.At the same time,the emulsification further increases the viscosity of the SP solution,and the residual oil is recovered effectively under the combined effect of the above two factors.For the four start-up mechanisms of residual oil identified after water flooding,enlarging the sweep volume and improving the oil displacement efficiency are interdependent,but their contribution to enhanced oil recovery are different.The SP flooding system primarily enlarges the sweep volume by increasing viscosity of solution to start two kinds of residual oil such as oil droplet retained in pore throats and isolated oil in dead-ends of flow channel,and primarily improves the oil displacement efficiency by lowing interfacial tension of oil phase to start two kinds of residual oil such as oil cluster trapped at the junction of pores and oil film on the rock surface.On this basis,the experimental results of the oil displacement from seven natural cores show that the pore structure of the reservoir is the main factor influencing water flooding recovery,while the physical properties and original oil saturation have relatively little influence.The main factor influencing SP flooding recovery is the physical and chemical properties of the solution itself,which primarily control the interfacial tension and solution viscosity in the reservoir.The residual oil saturation after water flooding is the material basis of SP flooding,and it is the second-most dominant factor controlling oil recovery.Combined with the analysis results of the influencing factors and reservoir parameters,the water flooding recovery index and SP flooding recovery index are defined to further establish quantitative calculation models of oil recovery under different displacement modes.The average relative errors of the two models are 4.4%and 2.5%,respectively;thus,they can accurately predict the oil recovery of different displacement stages and the ultimate reservoir oil recovery.

Factors influencing the functional significance in intermediate coronary stenosis

Objective To analyze the influencing factors of the functional significance determined by fractional flow reserve （FFR） in interme- diate coronary artery stenosis. Methods The study enrolled 143 patients with 203 intermediate coronary lesions. Pressure-derived FFR of these lesions was gained at maximal hyperemia induced by intravenous adenosine infusion. An FFR 〈 0.80 was considered as abnormal functional significance. Anatomic parameters at the lesion sites were obtained by off-line quantitative coronary angiography analysis （QCA）. The predictive value of the demographic characteristics and anatomic parameters for FFR in these intermediate lesions was assessed using multiple linear and binary logistic regression analysis. Results Overall, FFR 〈 0.8 was found in 70 （34%） of the total 203 intermediate coronary lesions. FFR values were positively correlated with QCA-measured minimum lumen diameters （MLD, r = 0.372, P = 0.000） and the reference vessel diameters （RVD, r = 0.217, P〈 0.002） were negatively correlated with percent area stenosis （AS, r = -0.251, P = 0.000） and percent diameter stenosis （DS, r = -0.210, P = 0.000）. Age, MLD and the lesion location in different coronary arteries were the inde- pendent determinants of FFR 〈 0.8. Conclusions MLD can predict the functional significance of intermediate coronary stenosis, while age and the lesion location in different coronary arteries should be taken into account as important influencing factors of FFR values.

Factors Influencing Bacterial Canker Disease of Kiwifruit and the Control Countermeasures

Survey was conducted to investigate the occurrence laws of bacterial canker disease of kiwifruits in Liupanshui area, Guizhou Province, and the patho- gens and hazard symptoms of the canker disease were introduced. The results showed that the factors influencing the occurrence of bacterial canker disease of ki- wifruit were identified as inter-species resistance, agronomic traits, meteorological and ecological conditions, cultivation and management techniques and fertilization levels. Techniques for the comprehensive control of kiwi canker disease were stated, and control suggestions were proposed.