Survey on Perceptions of Social Fairness and Their Implications for Social Governance Innovation

At the present stage,social fairness or equity is an important area of governance in China,and increasing the level of fairness is an important theme of work.In 2016,the Chinese government laid down specific arrangements and operations relating to equity in education,social security,market competition,etc.The participatory governance model entails testing policy outcomes in relation to the sense of fairness of the mass of the people.Our survey found that perceptions of fairness are higher among middle-and high-income groups and are lower in the eastern region than in the central and western regions.In social security,however,perceptions of fairness and of improvements in the level of fairness are lower than they are for education and market competition.Overall,specific policies relating to fairness in education have been quite effective in enhancing people＇s perceptions of fairness.Accordingly,if we are to make effective improvements in the fairness of social governance,we need a more rational distribution system that takes into account public opinion and expands the scope of fairness in social security.

The Effect of Organizational Structure on Extra-Role Behaviors： From the Perspective of Fairness Perceptions

This study uses a sample of 236 employees in 71 departments, and analyzes the data with a structural equation modeling （SEM）. Results support the theoretical framework of Van Dyne et al. （1995）, which proposed four specific extra-role behaviors categorized by two dimensions. The findings also support the assumption that organizational structure affects fairness perceptions and extra-role behaviors of employees. The mediation effect of fairness perceptions on the relationship between organizational structure and extra-role behaviors is supported partially.

Voluntary tax compliance behavior of individual taxpayers in Pakistan

Governments settle their financial obligations and pay for the public expenditures largely through finances generated from taxes.For many developing countries like Pakistan,the state authorities are still having difficulty to achieve tax compliance.Existing literature has yet to traverse individual’s tax compliance behavior on developing countries.The current study,however,explores the relationships among voluntary tax compliance behavior of individual taxpayers with selected economic,social,behavioral and institutional factors.This individual tax compliance behavior is studied through the multi-perspective lenses of the theory of attribution,equity theory,expected utility theory,and social exchange theory.Quantitative design using the survey method was employed to collect data from 435 individual taxpayers through questionnaire.For testing linkage between constructs,through mediation and moderation tests,structural equation modeling technique was used.The results suggest that tax compliance simplicity has a larger impact on tax filing than perception about Government Spending and tax morale.Furthermore,perception of fairness significantly mediates the strengths between morale,simplicity,government spending and compliance behavior.

Is Process as Important as Outcome？ Empirical Evidence from the Chinese Context

Although the relationship between pay level and pay satisfaction has been verified as one of the most robust relationships in the literature of pay satisfaction, scholars have not yet reached an agreement regarding its underlying mechanisms. The present paper aims to investigate the link between absolute pay level and pay level satisfaction by introducing both distributive and procedural fairness perceptions as mediators in accordance with fairness heuristic perspective. A sample of 298 employees from various types of organizations completed a survey, and a series of models were compared to evaluate if the hypothesized theoretical model fits our data. We also constructed bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals to test the hypothesized mediation effects. The suggested theoretical model is supported, and future research directions are discussed.